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Pieternella C. Luttikhuizen Anneke Bol Joana F.M.F. Cardoso Rob Dekker 《Journal of Sea Research》2011,66(3):231-237
Unknowingly lumping cryptic species in biological monitoring studies hinders progress in understanding their functioning in a wide range of research fields including population dynamics, ecophysiology and community ecology. The common polychaete worm Scoloplos cf. armiger is a cryptic species complex comprising entirely different developmental modes: holobenthic and pelago-benthic development. In the northeast Atlantic, three putative species have been described on the basis of molecular data and a breeding study. We report on the development of a fast genotyping assay and on the occurrence and distribution of different molecular types in the western Wadden Sea. The genotyping assay consists of PCR-RFLP analysis by two enzymes of a mitochondrial (cox3-trnQ-nad6) DNA segment. A new, fourth type was observed and this was the only type whose geographical distribution was not uniform but instead skewed toward the eastern part of the study area. All three hitherto known types were also observed and these three displayed a significant difference in depth distribution within the study area. This is the first ecological difference reported for the ‘Subtidal Clade’ (SC) versus the ‘Type Locality Clade’ (TLC). The new type (‘Intertidal Clade 2’) had a similar distribution to what is known as the Intertidal Clade (IC). However, the most striking observation is the large degree of overlap between the depth distributions in the western Wadden Sea, where the clade names ‘Intertidal’ and ‘Subtidal’ do not necessarily reflect local species composition. The necessity to genotype Scoloplos cf. armiger in monitoring programs is emphasized. 相似文献
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Increasing concerns over habitat loss and rising costs of sea defence maintenance due to rising sea levels, has seen increases in the practice of managed realignment and reflooding of former reclaimed areas of intertidal saltmarsh and mudflat around the world. These practices are taking place with little knowledge of their impact on soil biogeochemical processes. Rates of denitrification (using the acetylene inhibition technique) and nitrous oxide (N2O) production were measured from a long-established saltmarsh (SM) and an adjacent, recently re-flooded managed realignment (MR) site comprising former arable land in the estuary of the River Torridge, Devon, UK. Incubations were carried out in closed chambers in which patterns of tidal flooding were simulated automatically. Measurements were made during periods of flood and non-flood over a total of four tidal inundations with estuarine water. During the latter two flooding episodes floodwater was amended with nitrate (NO3−). Nitrous oxide production in the SM soil generally was lower than in the MR soil, with mean values and standard errors over the whole incubation of 0.27 ± 0.16 mg N2O-N m−2 h−1 and 0.65 ± 0.15 mg N2O-N m−2 h−1 respectively. Denitrification rates demonstrated a similar trend although generally were an order of magnitude higher than N2O production, with mean rates and standard errors of 2.88 ± 1.12 mg N2O-N m−2 h−1 in the SM soil and 3.39 ± 1.16 mg N2O-N m−2 h−1 in the MR soil. The data suggest that both soils are net sinks for NO3− and net sources for N2O. Both patterns of tidal inundation and floodwater chemistry affect the process rates in each soil differently. The impact of flooding with NO3− – amended water was greater on the SM soil than the MR soil, and it is likely that decomposing vegetation buried in the accreting sediments following reflooding at the MR site were supplying a source of N in the soil, and so process rates were less dependent upon external supplies. The act of managed realignment in intertidal zones could therefore result in an increase in mean production of N2O in intertidal zones, at least in the short term. 相似文献
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Xavier Bolós Stéphanie Barde-Cabusson Dario Pedrazzi Joan Martí Albert Casas Raúl Lovera Daniel Nadal-Sala 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2014,103(8):2255-2269
We applied self-potential (SP) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to the exploration of the uppermost part of the substrate geology and shallow structure of La Garrotxa monogenetic volcanic field, part of the European Neogene–Quaternary volcanic province. The aim of the study was to improve knowledge of the shallowest part of the feeding system of these monogenetic volcanoes and of its relationship with the subsurface geology. This study complements previous geophysical studies carried out at a less detailed scale and aimed at identifying deeper structures, and together will constitute the basis to establish volcanic susceptibility in La Garrotxa. SP study complemented previous smaller-scale studies and targeted key areas where ERT could be conducted. The main new results include the generation of resistivity models identifying dykes and faults associated with several monogenetic cones. The combined results confirm that shallow tectonics controlling the distribution of the foci of eruptive activity in this volcanic zone mainly correspond to NNW–SSE and accessorily by NNE–SSW Neogene extensional fissures and faults and concretely show the associated magmatic intrusions. These structures coincide with the deeper ones identified in previous studies, and show that previous Alpine tectonic structures played no apparent role in controlling the loci of this volcanism. Moreover, the results obtained show that the changes in eruption dynamics occurring at different vents located at relatively short distances in this volcanic area are controlled by shallow stratigraphical, structural and hydrogeological differences underneath these monogenetic volcanoes. 相似文献
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The Portil lagoon is a natural freshwater reservoir located at the southwest of Spain, near the coast. In its surroundings an important tourist complex has been developed since the earlier 1970s. This has resulted in increased loads of nutrients, specially during summer months. In order to evaluate the impact from humans on the lagoon caused by anthropogenic activities, we have determined vertical profiles of excess 210Pb and 137Cs in a sediment core taken from its bottom. Vertical profile of excess 210Pb seems to indicate that the sediment core was affected by large-scale mixing processes. Nevertheless this possibility was ruled out based on the shape of the 137Cs vertical distribution after modelling the 137Cs profile considering large-scale mixing. The chronology developed from 210Pb and 137Cs has allowed us to calculate the temporal evolution of the mass sedimentation rate during the last century. This mass sedimentation rate increased in 1973: from 0.08(2) g cm-2 a-1 in the period 1900-1973 to 0.17(5) g cm-2 a-1 in the period 1973-1995. This increase could be related to land-movements in the drainage area and to permitted sewage inputs into the lagoon, both with its origin in the growing/running of the surrounding tourist complex. 相似文献
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M. A. Hernández-Ceballos J. A. Adame J. P. Bolívar B. A. De la Morena 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2013,119(3-4):163-175
Air masses are characterized by physical (temperature, humidity) and chemical (transported gases and aerosols) properties, being associated their arrival to different meteorological scenarios. The knowledge of the air masses over a region is fundamental as complementary information in several atmospheric studies, being the calculation of back-trajectory the most widely used tool whenever air masses are analyzed. A study of air masses has been carried out in southwestern Iberian Peninsula using 5-day kinematic back trajectories computed by the HYSPLIT model at three heights (500, 1,500 and 3,000 m) from 1997 to 2007. The main aims have been to characterize their vertical behaviour and their thermal and humidity properties. Thirteen trajectory clusters have been defined, showing the northerly and westerly clusters a high coupling degree. Seasonal daily variation of potential temperature and specific humidity has been analyzed, obtaining higher differences among clusters in the cold season. 相似文献
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Patrick Goethals Anneke Volkaert Patric Jacobs Staf Roels Jan Carmeliet 《Engineering Geology》2009,103(3-4):134-138
The migration of moisture in cores of porous homogeneous sandstone of Ledian age (Belgian Eocene, Tertiary) is monitored with PET (Positron Emission Tomography) and micro-focus X-ray radiography. In the case of PET, a nuclear medical imaging technique, 55Co-EDTA (Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic acid) and R-18F were used as water-soluble tracers. The X-ray projection method has evolved from the better-known medical technique and allows a fast and accurate determination of the two-dimensional transient moisture content profiles. Results indicate that both techniques can deliver important information concerning physical processes in situ. 相似文献
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细颗粒物（PM2.5）即粒径小于2.5μm的可吸入颗粒物[1],是当今中国城市大气污染的首要污染物。本研究以北京市为例,选取北京市2010年至2012年三年内采暖期与非采暖期两个不同时期的细颗粒物（PM0.3,PM0.5,PM1）实测数据,及同时期北京市患呼吸系统疾病人数数据,运用地统计的空间分析方法,对获取数据进行空间化及插值研究。通过偏相关分析法对北京市细颗粒物浓度与患呼吸系统疾病人数数据进行相关分析。得出以下主要结论：①细颗粒物的空间变化明显,2010年、2011年及2012年细颗粒物浓度整体呈上升趋势,2012年三种粒径细颗粒物浓度整体高于2010年与2011年。②不同粒径的细颗粒物,对呼吸疾病的影响程度不同：在0.3μm,0.5μm与1μm三种粒径的细颗粒物中,PM1对呼吸系统疾病影响最大,偏相关系数达到0.785。 相似文献
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