Summary of recent volcanic activity     

Smithsonian Institution's Scientific Event Alert Network 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1989,51(2):145-147

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西宁盆地泥石流类型及其防治意见     

洪文之  徐旭 《青海国土经略》1997,(1)

概略地叙述了西宁地区的泥石流形成条件和形成机理,并将西宁地区泥石流划分为稀性泥石流类及泥石质泥石流种类。在此基础上提出防治泥石流灾害的意见。  相似文献   

The Bengal Fan: Some preliminary results from ODP drilling     

Dorrik A. V. Stow  James R. Cochran  ODP Leg Shipboard Scientific Party 《Geo-Marine Letters》1989,9(1):1-10

Three deep holes, with a maximum penetration of 960 m below sea floor, were drilled into the distal Bengal Fan just south of the equator during ODP Leg 116. The entire section recovered is dominated by sandy silt and mud turbidites derived from the Ganges Delta and from the continental margin of the western Bay of Bengal, interbedded with thin pelagic clays and with biogenic turbidites probably from a local sea mount source. The effects of Hi-Malayan uplift, sea level fluctuations, local tectonics, and fan channel/lobe processes have closely interacted to produce the observed sedimentary record of the past 17 million years since the early Miocene.Coauthors include: James R. Cochran, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory (Co-chief scientist); Dorrik A. V. Stow, Nottingham University, England (Co-chief scientist); Christian A. Auroux, Texas A & M University, USA (ODP staff scientist); Kazou Amano, Ibaraki University, Japan; Peter S. Balson, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Notts, England; Jacques Boulegue, Pierre & Marie Curie University, Paris, France; Garrett W. Brass, University of Miami, Florida, USA; Jeffrey Corrigan, University of Texas, Austin, USA; Stefan Gartner, Texas A & M University, USA; Stuart A. Hall, University of Houston, Texas, USA; Silvia Iaccarino, University of Parma, Italy; Toshio Ishizuka, University of Tokyo, Japan; trena Kacmarska, Mount Allison University, New Brunswick, Canada; Heidemarie Kassens, Kiel University, West Germany; Gregory Leger, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Franca Proto Decima, University of Padova, Italy; C. V. Raman, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India; William W. Sager, Texas A & M University, USA; Kozo Takahashi, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA; Thomas Thompson, 580 Euclid Ave, Boulder, Colo, USA; Jean-Jacques Tiercelin, University of Bretagne, Brest, France; Mark Townsend, University of Nottingham, England; Andreas Wetzel, Tubingen University, West Germany; N. P. Wijayananda, National Aquatatic Resource Agency, Colombo, Sri Lanka; and Colin Williams, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory.  相似文献   

The Continuous Plankton Recorder: concepts and history, from Plankton Indicator to undulating recorders   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P. C. Reid  J. M. Colebrook  J. B. L. Matthews  J. Aiken  Continuous Plankton Recorder Team 《Progress in Oceanography》2003,58(2-4):117

Alister Hardy conceived the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey in the 1920s as a means of mapping near-surface plankton in space and time, interpreting the changing fortunes of the fisheries and relating plankton changes to hydrometeorology and climatic change. The seed he planted has grown to become the most extensive long-term survey of marine organisms in the world and the breadth of his vision becomes ever more apparent. The survey has now run for over 70 years and its value increases with every passing decade. Operating from ‘ships of opportunity’ the machines used are robust, reliable and easy to handle. Wherever possible, all the sampling and analytical methods have not been changed to maintain the consistency of the time series. Computerisation and the development of new statistical approaches have increased our ability to handle the large quantities of information generated and enhance the sensitivity of the data analyses. This overview, based on almost 900 papers, recounts the various phases in the history of the survey. It starts with the Indicator Survey (1921–1934), the deployment of the first CPR on the Discovery Expedition (1924–1927) and the early CPR survey in the North Sea (1931–1939). The survey reopened in 1946 after the Second World War and expanded across the North Atlantic to North America from 1959. Taxonomic studies were initiated and an emphasis was placed on patterns of distribution, which were seen to reflect the varying oceanographic conditions. The years 1968–1976 saw further expansion with operations even in the American Great Lakes, publication of a Plankton Atlas and initial evidence for a downward trend in plankton biomass. At about this time electronic instrumentation was attached to CPRs to make additional measurements and work was started on the development of a new generation of undulating Continuous Plankton and Environmental Recorders (CPERs). In 1976 the survey moved to Plymouth. Scientific priorities in the UK changed in the subsequent decade and funding became more difficult to secure even though some of the CPR papers being published at the time are now regarded as classics in plankton ecology. In 1988 the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) decided to close the survey. An international rescue operation led to the creation of the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science (SAHFOS) in 1990, which has continued with consortium funding from a number of countries, and from 1999 again included NERC. The scientific rationale of the survey has gained credibility as concern over climate change and other anthropogenic effects has grown and as the key role that plankton plays as an indicator of large-scale environmental conditions becomes ever more apparent. Recently, the survey became an integral component of the Global Ocean Observation System (GOOS) and expanded into the North Pacific. It plays a complementary role in many large international and multidisciplinary projects and is providing inspiration, advice and support to daughter surveys elsewhere in the world. At the start of a new millennium, Hardy’s vision from the 1920s is a powerful driving force not just in international biological oceanography, but in global environmental science.  相似文献   

Submersible structural study of Tamayo transform fault: East Pacific Rise, 23°N (project RITA)     

L. Pastouret  Cyamex Scientific Team 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1981,4(4):381-401

A submersible structural study of Tamayo transform fault, the second field study of an oceanic transform, was conducted with the diving saucer CYANA as part of the international project RITA. On the basis of the surface ship surveys and deep-tow traverses made prior to the diving program, the four successful dives of CYANA established the geometry of the presently active shear zones and demonstrated that the median ridge of the Tamayo transform is tectonically inactive. The dive results require the presence, in an area marked by diapir-like bodies, of an extensional relay zone linking the two offset shear zones which trend about 110°.P. CHOUKROUNE, Laboratoire de Géologie structurale, Université de Rennes I, avenue du Général-Leclerc, 35042-Rennes Cédex, France; P. J. FOX, State University of New York at Alban, Albany, New York, 12222, USA; M. SEGURET, Laboratoire de Géologie structurale Université des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Place Eugéne-Bataillon, 34060, Montpellier Cédex, France; J. FRANCHETEAU, H. D. NEEDHAM, Centre Océanologique de Bretagne, B. P. 337, 29273, Brest Cédex, France; T. JUTEAU, Laboratoire de Minéralogie-Pétrographie, Université Louis-Pasteur, 1 rue Blessig, 67084, Strasbourg, Cédex, France; R. D. BALLARD, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA; W. NORMARK, United States Geological Survey, Pacific-Arctic Branch of Marine Geology, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA; A. CARRANZA, Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico 20 DF, Mexico; D. CORDOBA, J. GUERRERO, Instituto de Geologia, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico 20 DF Mexico; C. RANGIN, UNAM,now at Université de Paris VI, France.  相似文献   

苏鲁超高压变质带岗上石榴石橄榄岩岩体：中国大陆科学钻探卫星孔（CCSD-PP3钻孔）初步研究   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7  

杨经绥陈世忠  张仲明许志琴吴才来  刘福来李天福陈松永  陆永增 《岩石学报》2005,21(2):293-304

大陆科学钻探在江苏岗上超镁铁岩体上打了一个卫星孔(CCSD-PP3),孔深705m,穿透428m厚超镁铁岩体,其下主要为不同类型片麻岩及少量榴辉岩。该岩体产在苏鲁超高压变质带中,面积1370×700m,上覆约10m厚第四纪盖层。岩心柱可以粗分为4段,370m上部超镁铁岩,50m片麻岩夹榴辉岩,60m下部超镁铁岩,225m片麻岩类。榴辉岩夹在片麻岩中,片麻岩有正、副之分。榴辉岩石榴石中发现柯石英假象,表明岩石经历超高压变质作用。超镁铁岩主要岩性为纯橄岩和含石榴石纯橄岩,含石榴石纯橄岩出现3层,总厚度仅90m,与不舍石榴石的纯橄岩无截然界线。岩相学研究观测到石榴石中保留橄榄石、单斜辉石和尖晶石等超高压变质之前的矿物组合,以及退变质矿物替代石榴石的现象。岩石化学成分总体变化小,SiO242.17-44.79,平均43.78;MgO46.35-48.98,平均47.42,Mg#值(=Mg/(Mg Fe)×100)为91.89-92.75,平均92.4,属于高Mg型;Al2O3和CaO丰度低,分别为0.66-0.27,平均0.43,和0,01-0.35,平均0.13;REE总量较原始地幔亏损,但LREE相对HREE富集。结合矿物组合特征,说明这套岩石属亏损型,但可能经历了流体热液的改造;纯橄岩和含石榴石纯橄岩成分的一致型,说明后者是前者经变质改造形成。SHRIMPU-Pb定年测得含石榴石纯榄岩中锆石存在两组年龄,超高压变质阶段新形成的锆石时代为240±2.7Ma,核部残留岩浆锆石给出726±56Mao前者与区域上超高压变质年龄十分吻合,后者与大别-苏鲁区域上新元古代大规模花岗质岩浆侵位时代。岗上超镁铁岩体可能记录了早期侵位到地壳,在陆陆俯冲碰撞阶段被俯冲岩片带入到柯石英形成深度,以及随岩片折返到地表的整个历史。  相似文献   

平湖油气田凝析油回注油藏对开发效果影响机理研究     

杨耀忠  昌峰  张世明  王庆勇  孙业恒  陈荣华  李奋 《矿物岩石》2003,23(1):93-97

凝析油回注油藏是平湖油气田开发过程中为应对海底输油管线而采取的一种工程应急措施。凝析油回注油藏会引起油层内流体渗流特征的变化，并进而影响油井恢复生产后的开发指标。从室内物理模拟实验和油藏数值模拟两方面开展凝析油回注油藏的影响效果分析，并根据研究结果提出合理的回注方式，不仅从机理上为解决海上油气田开发工程中所遇类似突发事件的处理提供了依据，而且在物理模拟实验和油藏数值模拟研究相结合对油藏基础研究方面提供一些重要的结论。  相似文献   

塔巴庙地区上古生界砂岩成岩作用特征及其储集性分析   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12  

雷开强  孔繁征  张哨楠  李秀华 《矿物岩石》2003,23(3):92-96

鄂尔多斯盆地北部塔巴庙地区上古生界发育一套低孔低渗致密砂岩储层，储集空间以溶蚀微孔、蜂窝状溶孔和高岭石晶间隙为主，孔喉以细——微细为主。成岩作用决定了砂岩内部储集空间特征和储集性能，主要表现在较强的压实作用和胶结作用使砂岩的原生孔隙很少得到保存；较弱的溶蚀作用和强的蚀变作用使砂岩储集空间以微孔、超微孔为主，具有孔径小喉道细的特征，这是砂岩储集物性特别是渗透率偏低的直接原因。  相似文献   

西北四省(区)2000年的水资源足迹   总被引：78，自引：4，他引：78  

龙爱华  徐中民  张志强 《冰川冻土》2003,25(6):692-700

水资源足迹是如实反映人类对水资源消费利用的新概念,能深刻揭示社会经济系统对水资源的消费,为干旱缺水地区水资源科学管理提供了一个新视角.提出了水资源足迹的概念和衡量方法,引进了虚拟水概念,简要介绍了产品虚拟水计算方法,并以新疆、青海、甘肃和陕西为例,计算分析了2000年各省水资源足迹.结果表明,2000年西北四省(区)总的水足迹是为613.3×108m3,人均水足迹为712.3m3·人-1·a-1和1952L·人-1·d-1,高于统计的水资源利用量.以虚拟水概念为基础的水资源足迹更真实地衡量了社会经济系统对水资源的消费利用状况,为解决区域水资源短缺和创新水资源管理体制提供了新思路,产品形式的虚拟水贸易是平衡水资源赤字、维持区域水安全的有效工具.  相似文献   

西藏南部郎杰学群碎屑物质来源的古水流证据   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

李祥辉  曾庆高  王成善 《地质论评》2003,49(2):132-137

新近对西藏山南琼果和贡嘎地区(特提斯喜马拉雅北亚带)弱变质的上三叠统深海—半深海沉积地层——郎杰学群地质填图调查,在出露槽模沉积构造的37个古水流点获得了43组数据。赤平投影数据恢复后发现,这一地区主力古水流有南东140°～160°和南西190°～210°两个方向。这一分析结果为郎杰学群沉积物来自北边(未知块体)而非印度次大陆的观点提供了有力证据。  相似文献