Impact of different sampling rates on precise point positioning performance using online processing service     

Serdar Erol  Reha Metin Alkan  ?.Murat Ozulu  Veli Il?i 《地球空间信息科学学报》2021,24(2):302-312

In this study, the effect of different sampling rates (i.e. observation recording interval) on the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) solutions in terms of accuracy was investigated. For this purpose, a field test was carried out in ?orum province, Turkey, on 11 September 2019. Within this context, a Geodetic Point (GP) was established and precisely coordinated. A static GNSS measurement was occupied on the GP for about 4-hour time at 0.10 second (s)/10 Hz measurement intervals with the Trimble R10 geodetic grade GNSS receiver. The original observation file was converted to RINEX format and then decimated into the different data sampling rates as 0.2 s, 0.5 s, 1 s, 5 s, 10 s, 30 s, 60 s, and 120 s. All these RINEX observation files were submitted to the Canadian Spatial Reference System-Precise Point Positioning (CSRS-PPP) online processing service the day after the data collection date by choosing both static and kinematic processing options. In this way, PPP-derived static coordinates, and the kinematic coordinates of each measurement epoch were calculated. The PPP-derived coordinates obtained from each decimated sampling intervals were compared to known coordinates of the GP for northing, easting, 2D position, and height components. According to the static and kinematic processing results, high data sampling rates did not change the PPP solutions in terms of accuracy when compared to the results obtained using lower sampling rates. The results of this study imply that it was not necessary to collect GNSS data with high-rate intervals for many surveying projects requiring cm-level accuracy.  相似文献   

Kinematics of the eastern part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone     

Haluk Ozener  Esen Arpat  Semih Ergintav  Asli Dogru  Rahsan Cakmak  Bulent Turgut  Ugur Dogan 《Journal of Geodynamics》2010,49(3-4):141-150

The North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ), which marks the boundary between Anatolia and the Eurasian plate, is one of the world's most seismically active structures. Although the eastern part of NAFZ has high seismic hazard, there is a lack of geodetic information about the present tectonics of this region. Even though many scientists would like to study this area, geographical and logistical problems make performing scientific research difficult. In order to investigate contemporary neotectonic deformation on the eastern NAFZ and in its neighborhood, a relatively dense Global Positioning System (GPS) monitoring network was established in 2003. Geodetic observations were performed in three GPS campaigns in an area of 350 km × 200 km with 12-month intervals. In addition, 14 new GPS stations were measured far from the deforming area. Since this region includes the intersection of the NAFZ and the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ), deformation is complex and estimating seismic hazard is difficult. One important segment is the Yedisu segment and it has not broken since the 1784 earthquake. After the 1992 Erzincan and 2003 Pulumur earthquakes, the Coulomb stress loading on the Yedisu segment of the NAFZ has increased significantly, emphasizing the need to monitor this region. We computed the horizontal velocity field with respect to Eurasia and strain rates field as well. GPS-derived velocities relative to Eurasia are in the range of 16–24 mm/year, which are consistent with the regional tectonics. The principal strain rates were derived from the velocity field. Results show that strain is accumulating between the NAFZ and EAFZ along small secondary fault branches such as the Ovacik Fault (OF).  相似文献   

Numerical analysis of reinforced soil walls with granular and cohesive backfills under cyclic loads     

Erol Guler  Elif Cicek  M. Melih Demirkan  Murat Hamderi 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2012,10(3):793-811

Novel approaches to the dynamic analysis of the reinforced soil walls have been reported in the literature. Use of marginal soils reduces the cost of geosynthetic reinforced soil walls if proper drainage measures are taken. Therefore the affect of using cohesive marginal soils as backfill in geosynthetic reinforced retaining structures were investigated in this research. The dynamic response of reinforced soil walls was investigated in a similar focus, using finite element analysis. The results obtained from walls with cohesive backfill were compared to the results obtained from walls with granular backfill. The height of the wall was chosen as 6 m in the two-dimensional plane strain finite element model and the base acceleration was chosen to be a harmonic motion. The effects of various parameters like the backfill type, facing type, reinforcement stiffness, and peak ground acceleration on the cyclic response of reinforced soil retaining walls were investigated. After analyzing the wall response for end of construction and dynamic excitation phases, it was determined that the deformations and reinforcement tensile loads increased during the cyclic load application and that the amount of additional deformation that occurred during cyclic load application was strongly related to backfill soil type, facing type, reinforcement type and peak ground acceleration. It was determined that a cohesive backfill and geotextile reinforcement was a good combination to reduce the deformations of geosynthetic reinforced walls during cyclic loading for medium height walls.  相似文献   

Classification,shear strength,and durability of expansive clayey soil stabilized with lime and perlite   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Umit Calik  Erol Sadoglu 《Natural Hazards》2014,71(3):1289-1303

An experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of perlite and perlite–lime admixtures on classification, shear strength, and durability properties of an expansive soil containing smectite clay minerals. Two types of mixtures, namely soil–perlite and soil–perlite–lime, were prepared with different percentages of perlite and compacted with standard Proctor energy at their optimum water contents. Samples of 38 mm diameter and 76 mm height for durability tests and square samples of 60 mm edge for shear box test were taken and preserved until test time in a desiccator. Disturbed samples were also taken to determine liquid and plastic limits. The expansive soil shows behavior of fine sand and silt due to pozzolanic reactions in microstructure caused by addition of lime and perlite. Although apparent cohesion of treated soil decreased with increasing amount of perlite for both types of samples, perlite–lime-treated samples had higher apparent cohesion than only perlite-treated samples. Large increments in angle of shearing resistance were obtained with increasing usage of perlite. Samples stabilized with only perlite could not show enough durability at the durability tests based on volumetric stability and unconfined compression strength. However, samples stabilized with lime and more than 30 % perlite proved to have enough durability and shear strength.  相似文献   

Engineering geological characterization of the Antalya karstic rocks,southern Turkey     

Evrim Sopacı  Haluk Akgün 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(5):366

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A finite element model for the diffusion—convection equation with applications to air pollution problems     

Erol Varoḡlu 《Advances in water resources》1982,5(1):35-41

A method of solution for the diffusion-convection equation in one spatial dimension has been developed previously. The generalization of this method into two-spatial dimensions will be presented. The method employs space-time volume elements with edges joining the nodes at subsequent time levels oriented along the characteristics of the associated pure convection problem. The accuracy and utility of the method are demonstrated by solving several examples and results are compared with the exact solutions.  相似文献   

Landfill site selection and landfill liner design for Ankara, Turkey   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Gözde Pınar Yal  Haluk Akgün 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(6):2729-2752

Considering the high population growth rate of Ankara, it is inevitable that landfill(s) will be required in the area in the near future to sustain the sanitary waste disposal needs of the city. The main scope of this study is to select alternative landfill sites for Ankara based on the growing trends of Ankara toward the northwest, particularly toward the Sincan municipality, and to eventually select the best alternative through utilizing multi-criteria decision making. Landfill site selection was carried out utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. A number of criteria, namely, settlement, slope, proximity to roads, geology, availability and proximity of landfill containment material (i.e., clay for composite lining system), suitability for agriculture, erosion, vegetation cover and lineament system were gathered in a GIS environment. Each criterion was assigned a weight value by applying the Pairwise Comparison Method and the Analytical Hierarchy Method. In order to choose the best alternative, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution, which is regarded as an ideal point method, was applied and a landfill site was selected. The geotechnical properties of the so-called “Ankara clay” that shows widespread distribution in Ankara were reviewed and assessed for its suitability as a compacted clay liner.  相似文献   

Discussion of the paper ‘An empirical attenuation relationship for Northwestern Turkey ground motion using a random effects approach’     

Polat Gülkan  Erol Kalkan   《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2005,25(11):889-891

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Estimation of fundamental periods of shear‐wall dominant building structures     

Can Balkaya  Erol Kalkan 《地震工程与结构动力学》2003,32(7):985-998

Shear‐wall dominant multistorey reinforced concrete structures, constructed by using a special tunnel form technique are commonly built in countries facing a substantial seismic risk, such as Chile, Japan, Italy and Turkey. In spite of their high resistance to earthquake excitations, current seismic code provisions including the Uniform Building Code (International Conference of Building Officials, Whittier, CA, 1997) and the Turkish Seismic Code (Specification for Structures to be Built in Disaster Areas, Ankara, Turkey, 1998) present limited information for their design criteria. In this study, consistency of equations in those seismic codes related to their dynamic properties are investigated and it is observed that the given empirical equations for prediction of fundamental periods of this specific type of structures yield inaccurate results. For that reason, a total of 80 different building configurations were analysed by using three‐dimensional finite‐element modelling and a set of new empirical equations was proposed. The results of the analyses demonstrate that given formulas including new parameters provide accurate predictions for the broad range of different architectural configurations, roof heights and shear‐wall distributions, and may be used as an efficient tool for the implicit design of these structures. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Miocene transgression in the central and eastern parts of the Sivas Basin (Central Anatolia,Turkey) and the Cenozoic palaeogeographical evolution     

André Poisson  Bruno Vrielynck  Roland Wernli  Alessandra Negri  Maria-Angela Bassetti  Yesim Büyükmeriç  Sacit Özer  Hervé Guillou  Kaan S. Kavak  Haluk Temiz  Fabienne Orszag-Sperber 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2016,105(1):339-368

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