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Masahiko Fujii Fei Chai Lei Shi Hisayuki Y. Inoue Masao Ishii 《Journal of Oceanography》2009,65(5):689-701
The oceanic carbon cycle in the tropical-subtropical Pacific is strongly affected by various physical processes with different
temporal and spatial scales, yet the mechanisms that regulate air-sea CO2 flux are not fully understood due to the paucity of both measurement and modeling. Using a 3-D physical-biogeochemical model,
we simulate the partial pressure of CO2 in surface water (pCO2sea) and air-sea CO2 flux in the tropical and subtropical regions from 1990 to 2004. The model reproduces well the observed spatial differences
in physical and biogeochemical processes, such as: (1) relatively higher sea surface temperature (SST), and lower dissolved
inorganic carbon (DIC) and pCO2sea in the western than in the central tropical-subtropical Pacific, and (2) predominantly seasonal and interannual variations
in the subtropical and tropical Pacific, respectively. Our model results suggest a non-negligible contribution of the wind
variability to that of the air-sea CO2 flux in the central tropical Pacific, but the modeled contribution of 7% is much less than that from a previous modeling
study (30%; McKinley et al., 2004). While DIC increases in the entire region SST increases in the subtropical and western tropical Pacific but decreases
in the central tropical Pacific from 1990 to 2004. As a result, the interannual pCO2sea variability is different in different regions. The pCO2sea temporal variation is found to be primarily controlled by SST and DIC, although the role of salinity and total alkalinity,
both of which also control pCO2sea, need to be elucidated by long-term observations and eddy-permitting models for better estimation of the interannual variability
of air-sea CO2 flux. 相似文献
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Taro Takahashi Stewart C. Sutherland Rik Wanninkhof Colm Sweeney Richard A. Feely David W. Chipman Burke Hales Gernot Friederich Francisco Chavez Christopher Sabine Andrew Watson Dorothee C.E. Bakker Ute Schuster Nicolas Metzl Hisayuki Yoshikawa-Inoue Masao Ishii Takashi Midorikawa Yukihiro Nojiri Arne Krtzinger Tobias Steinhoff Mario Hoppema Jon Olafsson Thorarinn S. Arnarson Bronte Tilbrook Truls Johannessen Are Olsen Richard Bellerby C.S. Wong Bruno Delille N.R. Bates Hein J.W. de Baar 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(11):2075-2076
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Fine sludges were collected from five filtration plants, and the partitioning of ten metals (Ag, Cd, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Sn, Co, Ni, and Fe) in them was determined by selective leaching techniques. (1) The available amounts, which shows the total of each metal leached between 1 M CH3COONH4 and 30 percent H2O2, for Ag, Cd and Mn, ranged from 51 to 98 percent for five sludges. (2) The available amounts for Zn, Pb, Cu, and Sn were 47–92 percent for five sludges. (3) The most important fraction for Co, Ni, and Fe, except the Inagawa sludge, which is markedly polluted by organic matter, was the crystalline particle. Therefore, the above metals, except Co, Ni, and Fe, are thought to be enriched on ion-exchangeable sites, organic matter, hydrous Fe/Mn oxides, and sulfides in fine sludges. 相似文献
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Mixing experiments of seawater and the Hudson and Mississippi riverwaters with radiotracer spikes show that Co, Mn, Cs, Cd, Zn and Ba will be desorbed from river suspended particles, while significant fractions of “dissolved” Fe, Sn, Bi, Ce and Hg will be coagulated during estuarine mixing. 相似文献
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Hisayuki Teraoka 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1984,48(7):1561-1564
The elemental composition of suspended particles from the Yellow River is similar to those of the loess terraces and the world's average soils. The contents of Zn, Cu, Ni, Co and Pb in the suspended particles are higher in the Yangtze River than in the Yellow River, indicating pollution inputs or the high-side of natural variability. 相似文献
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Carbon isotopic fractionation during the air/sea exchange process is not fully understood at present. Information on the equilibrium and kinetic fractionation factors is an essential requirement, together with the value of the CO2 partial pressure, for understanding the carbon cycle in the atmosphere and marine environments. Using a specially designed countercurrent equilibrator system, the fractionation factors between gaseous CO2 and dissolved inorganic carbon in sea water were determined under both kinetic and equilibrium conditions. The following results were obtained: kinetic fractionation factor for air to sea (αas) is 0.998 at 288.2 K; kinetic fractionation factor for sea to air (αsa) is 0.990; equilibrium fractionation factor (αeq) is 0.991 at pH = 8.3 and 288.2 K. From these results, the carbon isotopic ratio of CO2 passed through the air/ sea interface is estimated to be about ?10 %. for air to sea and ?8 %. for sea to air when CO2 exchange takes place between air (δ13C = ?8 %.) and surface sea water (δ13C = 2 %.) at 288.2 K. 相似文献
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悬沙水体不同波段反射比的分布特征及悬沙量估算实验研究 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
我国沿岸、河口附近水域具有高悬沙量的特点.悬沙的分布、扩散、沉降过程影响港口、航道水深的维持,影响生态环境.利用卫星遥感资料开展悬沙遥感及定量算法研究,在我国已取得诸多成果,挥才兴等[1]提出了几种悬沙定量的经验和半经验模式.“七五”攻关分别对黄河口和长江口提出了对数模式、线性分析模式和双峰比模式,Ma等[2]将模式识别方法应用于悬沙遥感.90年代后期,国际上陆续发射多颗海色卫星,我国也计划发射海色卫星,为有效地利用海色卫星资料,进一步开展悬沙定量算法及传感器谱段选择研究具有重要意义. 相似文献
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Sohiko Kameyama Satoshi Yoshida Hiroshi Tanimoto Satoshi Inomata Koji Suzuki Hisayuki Yoshikawa-Inoue 《Journal of Oceanography》2014,70(3):225-239
We measured dissolved isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene; C5H8) concentrations in a broad area of the southern Indian Ocean and in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean from 35°S to 64°S and from 37°E to 111°E during austral summer 2010–2011. Isoprene concentrations were continuously measured by use of a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer combined with a bubbling-type equilibrator. Concentrations of isoprene and its emission flux throughout the study period ranged from 0.2 to 395 pmol L?1 and from 181 to 313 nmol m?2 day?1, respectively, the averages being generally higher than those of previous studies. Although we found a significant linear positive relationship between isoprene and chlorophyll-a concentrations (r 2 = 0.37, n = 36, P < 0.001), the correlation coefficient was lower than previously reported. In contrast, in the high-latitude area (>53°S) we identified a significant negative correlation (r 2 = 0.59, n = 1263, P < 0.001) between isoprene and the temperature-normalized partial pressure of carbon dioxide (n-pCO2), used as an indicator of net community production in this study. This suggests that residence times and factors controlling variations in isoprene and n-pCO2 are similar within a physically stable water column. 相似文献