Multi-criteria Decision-Making Approaches to Agricultural Land Suitability Classification of Malda District,Eastern India     

Mistri  Prakash  Sengupta  Somasis 《Natural Resources Research》2020,29(3):2237-2256

Land suitability classification (LSC) is an approach of land evaluation, which measures the degree of appropriateness of land for a specific land use. LSC is governed by a myriad of factors at the local and regional level including physiographic, pedologic and a host of socioeconomic and infrastructural determinants. This has called for the application of different multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques in agricultural LSC. The present study has attempted and compared various MCDM-based agricultural LSCs for Malda District in Eastern India. The study is based on multiple parameters governing agriculture, considering not only the physiographic and pedological attributes (e.g., relief, slope, soil fertility, soil organic carbon, etc.) but also the socioeconomic ones (e.g., the percentage of people engaged in agriculture, cultivator–labor ratio, degree of electrification, etc.). Four major MCDM algorithms have been applied, i.e., composite ranks, composite Z-scores, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and weighted principal component analysis (WPCA). The results were also compared with the crop productivity-based agricultural efficiency. It was observed that about 15.44% of the area of Malda District is highly suitable for agriculture, whereas limited suitability is displayed by about 12.68% of area. The remaining part falls under moderate and marginal suitability classes. Furthermore, WPCA and AHP are superior to the nonparametric techniques of MCDM, namely composite ranks and composite Z-score. Moreover, the results of WPCA are superior to those of AHP. Due to the inherent limitations of the AHP approach, this study proposes the use of WPCA in the domain of agricultural LSC.

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Separation of magnetic anomalies into induced and remanent magnetization contributions     

Jamaledin Baniamerian  Shuang Liu  Xiangyun Hu  Maurizio Fedi  Mahak Singh Chauhan  Mahmoud Ahmed Abbas 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(7):2320-2342

Inversion of magnetic data is complicated by the presence of remanent magnetization, and it provides limited information about the magnetic source because of the insufficiency of data and constraint information. We propose a Fourier domain transformation allowing the separation of magnetic anomalies into the components caused by induced and remanent magnetizations. The approach is based on the hypothesis that each isolated source is homogeneous with a uniform and specific Koenigsberger ratio. The distributions of susceptibility and remanent magnetization are subsequently recovered from the separated anomalies. Anomaly components, susceptibility distribution and distribution of the remanent and total magnetization vectors (direction and intensity) can be achieved through the processing of the anomaly components. The proposed method therefore provides a procedure to test the hypotheses about target source and magnetic field, by verifying these models based on available information or a priori information from geology. We test our methods using synthetic and real data acquired over the Zhangfushan iron-ore deposit and the Yeshan polymetallic deposit in eastern China. All the tests yield favourable results and the obtained models are helpful for the geological interpretation.  相似文献   

Observational Procedure for the Prediction of Ultimate Swell     

Prakash  K.  Siddharth Prabhu  N.  Sridharan  A. 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(6):4669-4676

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Montmorillonitic soils pose problems in the field as they are capable of exhibiting appreciable swelling when come in contact with water. In this context,...  相似文献   

Cobalt‐Bearing Grunerite in the Metamorphosed Banded Iron Formation in Orissa,India     

Prasanta Kumar NAYAK  Birendra Kumar MOHAPATRA  Prem Prakash SINGH  Ranjit Kumar MARTHA 《Resource Geology》2011,61(3):281-289

Banded iron formation (BIF) comprising high grade iron ore are exposed in Gorumahisani‐Sulaipat‐Badampahar belt in the east of North Orissa Craton, India. The ores are multiply deformed and metamorphosed to amphibolite facies. The mineral assemblage in the BIF comprises grunerite, magnetite/martite/goethite and quartz. Relict carbonate phases are sometimes noticed within thick iron mesobands. Grunerite crystals exhibit needles to fibrous lamellae and platy form or often sheaf‐like aggregates in linear and radial arrangement. Accicular grunerite also occur within intergranular space of magnetite/martite. Grunerite needles/accicules show higher reflectivity in chert mesoband and matching reflectance with that of adjacent magnetite/martite in iron mesoband. Some grunerite lamellae sinter into micron size magnetite platelets. This grunerite has high ferrous oxide and cobalt oxide content but is low in Mg‐ and Mn‐oxide compared to the ones, reported from BIFs, of Western Australia, Nigeria, France, USA and Quebec. The protolith of this BIF is considered to be carbonate containing sediments, with high concentrations of Fe and Si but lower contents of cobalt and chromium ± Mg, Mn and Ni. During submarine weathering quartz, sheet silicate (greenalite) and Fe‐Co‐Cr (Mg‐Mn‐Ni)‐carbonate solid solution were formed. At the outset of the regional metamorphic episode grunerite, euhedral magnetite and recrystalized quartz were developed. Magnetite was grown at the expense of carbonate and later martitized under post‐metamorphic conditions. With the increasing grade of metamorphism greenalite transformed to grunerite.  相似文献   

Nitrogen sources for new production in the NE Arabian Sea     

Naveen Gandhi  R. Ramesh  S. Prakash  S. Kumar 《Journal of Sea Research》2011,65(2):265-274

New productivity measurements using the ¹⁵N tracer technique were conducted in the north-eastern (NE) Arabian Sea during six expeditions from 2003 to 2007, mostly in winter. Our results indicate that the NE Arabian Sea has a potential for higher new productivity during blooms. Nitrate uptake by plankton is the highest during late winter. New productivity and f-ratios in the NE Arabian Sea are mainly controlled by hydrodynamic and meteorological parameters such as wind strength, sea surface temperature (SST), mixed layer depth (MLD) and mixed layer nitrate. Deepening of the mixed layer supplies nitrate from below, which supports the observed nitrogen uptake. Higher f-ratios during blooms indicate the strong coupling between surface layers and sub-surface layers. Deepening of mixed layer below 100 m (from its inter-monsoon value between 30 and 40 m) transferred often more than 100 mmol N–NO₃ m^? 2 into the surface layers from below. The observed winter blooms in the region are supported by such input and are sustained for more than a month. Higher new productivity has been found in late winter, whereas transport of nitrate is maximum in early winter. In general, new production varies progressively during winter. Diurnal cycling of the mixed layer could be the reason for the under utilization of entrained nitrate during early winter. New productivity values and wind strength show significant differences during Feb–Mar 03 and Feb–Mar 04. These differences indicate that the winter cooling and parameters related the biological productivity also vary inter-annually. However, the difference between the new productivity values between Feb–Mar 03 and Feb–Mar 04 is much lower than the difference between Jan 03 and Feb–Mar 03. The results suggest that amplitude of seasonal variation is higher than the inter-annual variation in the region. During spring, Fickian diffusive fluxes of nitrate into the surface layer range from 0.51 to 1.38 mmol N–NO₃ m^? 2 day^? 1, and can account for 67% and 78% of the observed nitrogen uptake in the coastal and open ocean regions, respectively. We document the intra-seasonal and inter-annual variations in new productivity during winter and identify sources of nitrate which support the observed productivity during spring.  相似文献   

The ice sheet dynamics around Dakshin Gangotri glacier,Schirmacher Oasis,East Antarctica vis-à-vis topography and meteorological parameters     

Prakash Kumar Shrivastava  Rajesh Asthana  Sandip Kumar Roy 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2011,78(2):117-123

Recession of the snout of Dakshin Gangotri glacier in the western part of Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica has been recorded over two decades. However, the rate of retreat is not uniform and varies at different locations. The ice wall forming the western flank of the glacier has shown an average retreat of 17.07 m between 2001 and 2009 while the snout had gone back by 6.94 m (average) during the same period. Before 2001, the snout had shown a complete recession of 3.13 m (average). The snout occupies valley area receiving less amount of solar radiation as compared to the western wall, which is a vertical cliff receiving maximum amount of solar radiation. The notable difference in the rate of recession in different parts of the Dakshin Gangotri glacier overriding Schirmacher Oasis can be attributed to combined effect of natural factors, including meteorological parameters, ice sheet dynamics and geomorphology of that area.  相似文献   

Environmental impact on groundwater of Maheshwaram Watershed,Ranga Reddy district,Andhra Pradesh     

D. Purushotham  A. Narsing Rao  M. Ravi Prakash  Shakeel Ahmed  G. Ashok Babu 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2011,77(6):539-548

Maheshwaram watershed is situated in Ranga Reddy district of at a distance of about 30 km south of Hyderabad. The watershed has an area of 53 km² and has hard rock aquifers with semi-arid climate. The study area has been expanding at a fast pace and now has the distinction of being one of the fastest growing urban centers, facing the problem of groundwater depletion and quality deterioration due to the absence of perennial source of surface water and also due to over exploitation. Human activities involving industrial and agricultural development and the inadequate management of land and water resources have, directly or indirectly resulted in the degradation of environment viz. water and soil.  相似文献   

Use of SARAL/AltiKa Observations for Modeling River Flow     

Praveen Gupta  Amit Kumar Dubey  Nandita Goswami  Raghvendra Pratap Singh  Prakash Chauhan 《Marine Geodesy》2015,38(3):614-625

In the absence of many gauging stations in the major and mighty river systems, there is a need for satellite-based observations to estimate temporal variations in the river water storage and associated water management. In this study, SARAL/AltiKa application for setting up hydraulic model (HEC-RAS) and river flow simulations over Tapi River India has been discussed. Waveform data of 40 Hz from Ka band altimeter has been used for water levels retrieval in the Tapi river. SARAL/AltiKa retrieved water levels were converted to discharge in the upstream location (track-926) using the rating curve available for the nearby gauging site and using linear spatial interpolation technique. Steady state simulations were done for various flow conditions in the upstream. Validation of river flow model was done in the downstream location (track-367) by comparing simulated and altimeter retrieved water levels (RMSE 0.67 m). Validated model was used to develop rating curve between water levels and simulated discharge for the downstream location which enables to monitor discharge variations from satellite platform in the absence of in situ observations. It has been demonstrated that SARAL/AltiKa data has potential for river flow monitoring and modeling which will feed for flood disaster forecasting, management and planning.  相似文献   

3D SEM Approach to Evaluate the Stability of Large-Scale Landslides in Nepal Himalaya   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Ram Chandra Tiwari  Netra Prakash Bhandary  Ryuichi Yatabe 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2015,33(4):773-793

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Impact of Indian ocean dipole on the coastal upwelling features off the southwest coast of India     

Tanuja Nigam  Vimlesh Pant  Kumar Ravi Prakash 《Ocean Dynamics》2018,68(6):663-676

A three-dimensional regional ocean model is used to examine the impact of positive Indian ocean dipole (pIOD) events on the coastal upwelling features at the southwest coast of India (SWCI). Two model experiments are carried out with different surface boundary conditions that prevailed in the normal and pIOD years from 1982 to 2010. Model experiments demonstrate the weakening of coastal upwelling at the SWCI in the pIOD years. The reduced southward meridional wind stress off the SWCI leads to comparatively lower offshore Ekman transport during August–October in the pIOD years to that in normal years. The suppressed coastal upwelling results in warmer sea surface temperature and deeper thermocline in the pIOD years during June–September. The offshore spatial extent of upwelled colder (<?22 °C) water was up to 75.5° E in August–September in normal years that was limited up to 76.2° E in pIOD years. The heat budget analysis reveals the decreased contribution of vertical entrainment process to the mixed layer cooling in pIOD years which is almost half of that of normal years in October. The net heat flux term shows warming tendency during May–November with a higher magnitude (+?0.4 °C day^?1) in normal years than pIOD years (+?0.28 °C day^?1). The biological productivity is found to reduce during the pIOD years as the concentration of phytoplankton and zooplankton decreases over the region of coastal upwelling at SWCI. Nitrate concentration in the pIOD years dropped by half during August–September and dropped by an order of magnitude in October as compared to its ambient concentration of 13 μmol L^?1 in normal years.  相似文献