Wind-driven interannual variability over the northeast Pacific Ocean     

Patrick F. Cummins  Gary S.E. Lagerloef 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2004,51(12):365

Interannual variability of the sea surface height (SSH) over the northeast Pacific Ocean is hindcast with a reduced-gravity, quasi-geostrophic model that includes linear damping. The model is forced with monthly Ekman pumping fields derived from the NCEP reanalysis wind stresses. The numerical solution is compared with SSH observations derived from satellite altimeter data and gridded at a lateral resolution of 1 degree. Provided that the reduced gravity parameter is chosen appropriately, the results demonstrate that the model has significant hindcast skill over interior regions of the basin, away from continental boundaries. A damping time scale of 2 to 3 years is close to optimal, although the hindcast skill is not strongly dependent on this parameter.A simplification of the quasi-geostrophic model is considered in which Rossby waves are eliminated, yielding a Markov model driven by local Ekman pumping. The results approximately reproduce the hindcast skill of the more complete quasi-geostrophic model and indicate that the interannual SSH variability is dominated by the local response to wind forcing. There is a close correspondence the two leading empirical orthogonal modes of the local model and those of the observed SSH anomalies. The latter account for over half of the variance of the interannual signal over the region.  相似文献   

TOPOPHILIA: A STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERCEPTION, ATTITUDES, AND VALUES. By Yi-Fu-Tuan. Englewood Cliffs     

Val  Maxwell 《New Zealand geographer》1976,32(2):i-i

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A study of three massive star-forming regions in CS lines     

G. M. Larionov  I. Zinchenko  I. E. Val’tts 《Astronomy Reports》2006,50(2):107-115

We have mapped three star-forming regions (G265.14+1.45, G269.16?1.14, G291.27?0.71) in the CS(3–2) and C³⁴S(2–1) lines using the 15 m SEST telescope (Chile), and analyzed the relative positions of methanol and H₂O masers, IRAS sources, and emission maxima in the CS lines. In most cases, the maser positions are close to those of the IRAS sources. We compared the radial velocities of the maser sources and high-density CS cores, and estimated the CS column densities assuming LTE. The sizes, densities, and masses of the dense core are estimated; the masses obtained in the LTE approximation agree with the virial masses.  相似文献   

From observation to experimentation: one prescription for a geography of public policy     

Steven C J Cummins 《Area》2003,35(2):220-222

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A statistical analysis of methanol maser groups     

I. E. Val’tts  S. Yu. Lyubchenko 《Astronomy Reports》2004,48(10):834-839

An analysis of the flux densities of the 5₁-6₀ A ⁺ (6.7 GHz) and 2₀-3_?1 E (12.2 GHz) class II methanol maser lines in a large and homogeneous sample of maser sources has been carried out. For convenience, the maser lines were divided into three groups: group I contains spectral features for the lines most prominent in the 5₁-6₀ A ⁺ (6.7 GHz) transition, group II contains spectral features for the lines strongest in the 2₀-3_?1 E (12.2 GHz) transition, group III contains spectral features for which the velocities of the emission maxima of the two lines coincide. The same dependence was found for group II and group III: log S _6.7=(0.79±0.05)×log S _12.2+(0.79±0.05). The spectral features in group I do not obey this relation, and deviations from a linear dependence are considerably greater. It is suggested that methanol class II masers be divided into a subclass IIa, which has special conditions favoring 6.7 GHz masers, and a subclass IIb, which is comprised of the 12.2 GHz masers and those 6.7 GHz masers that necessarily accompany them under the same conditions.  相似文献   

The inadequacy of the fish-bearing criterion for stream management     

Kenneth W. Cummins  Margaret A. Wilzbach 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2005,67(4):486-491

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Mise au point d'un milieu de culture pour l'étude de l'altération de silicates en présence de Pseudomonas aeruginosa     

Georges Aouad  Valérie Geoffroy  Jean-Marie Meyer  Jean-Louis Crovisier  Denis Damidot  Peter Stille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2005,337(15):1340-1347

The influence of microorganisms on mineral alteration is not easy to determine in environmental conditions, because of the difficulty to raise for comparison purposes an identical but abiotic system. Another problem in this context is the choice of reliable tracers to evaluate the alteration rate of materials during in vitro experiments. To face such difficulties, we elaborated a defined medium allowing both the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a precise measurement of the elements solubilized from the minerals. Thanks to this medium, we were able to quantitatively determine the amounts of major elements solubilized from the materials in the presence of bacterial growth, compared to a sterile system. Moreover, the analysis by ICP-MS of trace elements was possible after a chromatographic treatment, which selectively eliminated 99% of the sodium content of the medium. To cite this article: G. Aouad et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).  相似文献   

Segmentation and kinematics of the North America‐Caribbean plate boundary offshore Hispaniola          下载免费PDF全文

Sylvie Leroy  Nadine Ellouz‐Zimmermann  Jordane Corbeau  Frédérique Rolandone  Bernard Mercier de Lépinay  Bertrand Meyer  Roberte Momplaisir  José‐Luis Granja Bruña  Anne Battani  Céline Baurion  Evgueni Burov  Valérie Clouard  Rémy Deschamps  Christian Gorini  Youri Hamon  Manfred Lafosse  Jottin Leonel  Laetitia Le Pourhiet  Pilar Llanes Estrada  Nicolas Loget  Francis Lucazeau  Daniel Pillot  Jeffrey Poort  Kevin R. Tankoo  José‐Luis Cuevas  José‐Fernando Alcaide  Claude Jean Poix  Alfonso Muñoz‐Martin  Serge Mitton  Yamil Rodriguez  Julien Schmitz  Leonardo Seeber  Andres Carbo‐Gorosabel  Santiago Muñoz 《地学学报》2015,27(6):467-478

We explored the submarine portions of the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden Fault zone (EPGFZ) and the Septentrional–Oriente Fault zone (SOFZ) along the Northern Caribbean plate boundary using high‐resolution multibeam echo‐sounding and shallow seismic reflection. The bathymetric data shed light on poorly documented or previously unknown submarine fault zones running over 200 km between Haiti and Jamaica (EPGFZ) and 300 km between the Dominican Republic and Cuba (SOFZ). The primary plate‐boundary structures are a series of strike‐slip fault segments associated with pressure ridges, restraining bends, step overs and dogleg offsets indicating very active tectonics. Several distinct segments 50–100 km long cut across pre‐existing structures inherited from former tectonic regimes or bypass recent morphologies formed under the current strike‐slip regime. Along the most recent trace of the SOFZ, we measured a strike‐slip offset of 16.5 km, which indicates steady activity for the past ~1.8 Ma if its current GPS‐derived motion of 9.8 ± 2 mm a^?1 has remained stable during the entire Quaternary.  相似文献   

Damaging hailstorms in South Moravia,Czech Republic,in the seventeenth to twentieth centuries as derived from taxation records     

Rudolf Brázdil  Kateřina Chromá  Hubert Valášek  Lukáš Dolák  Ladislava Řezníčková 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2016,123(1-2):185-198

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Sulphate incorporation in monazite lattice and dating the cycle of sulphur in metamorphic belts     

Antonin T. Laurent  Anne-Magali Seydoux-Guillaume  Stéphanie Duchene  Bernard Bingen  Valérie Bosse  Lucien Datas 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2016,171(11):94

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