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湖泊或海湾中的沉积物吸附氮(N)、磷(P)等元素所形成的沉积层成为水体富营养化的內源。在波浪作用下,尤其是强浪作用下,沉积物中的N、P会通过内源释放作用大量进入水体中。本文在自制的U型水槽中开展实验,采用不同水头差来模拟波浪的循环荷载作用,研究了沉积层中的N、P在静置固结状态(Ⅰ)、加波未液化状态(Ⅱ)、加波液化状态(Ⅲ)下的释放规律,并给出该试验条件下的沉积物释放速率的拟合方程。试验结果表明:沉积物中总氮(TN)和溶解性总氮(TDN)的释放速率会随着水动力作用的增强而增加;总磷(TP)、溶解性总磷(TDP)和活性磷酸盐(SRP)的释放速率也随着水动力作用增强而增加,但水体中悬浮物(SS)含量过高会限制其释放速率。 相似文献
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沼泽湿地垦殖对土壤碳动态的影响 总被引：20，自引：7，他引：13
在中国科学院三江平原湿地生态试验站选取相邻的、土壤类型相同的小叶章沼泽化草甸以及不同开垦殖年限的已垦湿地农田,综合运用多种微生物指标,全面地评价沼泽湿地垦殖后土壤有机碳的动态。结果表明,沼泽湿地垦殖初期(1~3年),土壤微生物量碳(MBC)、微生物商以及基础呼吸(BR)都迅速降低,而代谢商(qCO2)、PR/BR和PR/MBC比值却不断升高。表明湿地垦殖后,有机碳的可利用性下降,微生物对碳源的利用效率降低,造成土壤有机碳的大量损失。各种微生物指标之间有密切的相关关系,综合这些微生物指标能够全面地、准确地评价沼泽湿地垦殖后土壤有机碳的动态。 相似文献
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Liu Han-Lun Han Yi Wang Ke-Yong Li Wen Li Jian Cai Wen-Yan Fu Li-Juan 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(24):1-13
Arabian Journal of Geosciences - Soil toxic metal pollution is one of the most prominent environmental problems in the rapid industrialization of societies because of the considerable harm caused... 相似文献
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This paper investigates the properties of thickness extension mode excited by lateral electric field on LiNbO3 by using the extended Christoffel--Bechmann method. It finds that the lateral field excitation coupling factor for a-mode (quasi-extensional mode) reaches its maximum value of 28% on X-cut LiNbO3. The characteristics of a lateral field excitation device made of X-cut LiNbO3 have been investigated and the lateral field excitation device is used for the design of a high frequency ultrasonic transducer. The time and frequency domain pulse/echo response of the LiNbO3 lateral field excitation ultrasonic transducer is analysed with the modified Krimholtz--Leedom--Matthae model and tested using traditional pulse/echo method. A LiNbO3 lateral field excitation ultrasonic transducer with the centre frequency of 33.44 MHz and the --6 dB bandwidth of 33.8% is acquired, which is in good agreement with the results of the Krimholtz--Leedom--Matthae model. Further analysis suggests that the LiNbO3 lateral field excitation device has great potential in the design of broadband high frequency ultrasonic transducers. 相似文献
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基于à trous小波分解的SAR图像噪声滤除方法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
合成孔径雷达(SAR)以其特有的全天时、全天候成像能力,在对地观测领域中发挥着重要的作用。由于雷达回波的相干性,SAR图像上存在着斑点噪声,为消除这种噪声,提出了一种基于à trous小波算法的组合滤波方法,该方法首先将SAR图像分解至静态小波域,然后对噪声的小波系数进行基于中值的平滑处理,最后对低频信号进行均值滤波。将此算法应用于新疆库车县的一幅RADARSAT图像进行斑点噪声滤波,并与另外3种典型的SAR图像滤波算法进行比较,结果表明,该方法不仅可以有效地去除斑点噪声,并且可以保持SAR图像的精细纹理结构。 相似文献
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布金黑铅锌矿床为典型的中温热液脉型矿床,矿体呈脉状、透镜状产出于寿山沟组下段的变质砂板岩之中,其中Ⅱ号矿脉是该矿床主要的工业矿体,总体呈近EW向展布。通过矿区地质、矿化特征、磁法测量及OPIS计算机模拟,指出在断裂构造EW与NE方向转变的地带易成矿,且矿化体具有高极化率、高磁化率、高厚度和高品位特征。磁异常图表现为呈近东西向线性分布的磁异常水平一阶90°、135°导数等值线与近EW向断裂相对应,异常梯度大的区域对应断裂构造方向改变地带。OPIS预测图表明矿体的位置对应数据的高值的中心部位、中心部位附近,或位于断裂面距离变化较陡部位。据此,圈定了Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ四处外围找矿靶区及Ⅱ-1、Ⅱ-2、Ⅱ-3三处深部找矿靶区,其中Ⅱ-2靶区已被验证。 相似文献
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本文利用高分辨率中尺度WRF模式,通过改变边界层参数化方案进行多组试验,评估该模式对美国北部森林地区边界层结构的模拟能力,同时比较了五种不同边界层参数化方案模拟得出的边界层热力和动力结构.结果表明：除个别方案外,配合不同边界层方案的WRF模式都能成功模拟出白天对流边界层强湍流混合特征和夜间稳定边界层内强逆温、逆湿和低空急流等热力和动力结构.非局地YSU、ACM2方案在白天表现出强的湍流混合和卷夹,相比于局地MYJ、UW方案,模拟的对流边界层温度更高、湿度更低、混合层高度更高、感热通量更大,更接近实际观测,这表明在不稳定层结下考虑非局地大涡输送更为合理,但局地方案在风速和风向的预报上存在一定优势.TEMF方案得到的白天局地湍流混合强度为所有方案中最弱,混合层难以发展,无法体现对流边界层内气象要素垂直分布均匀的特点.对于夜间稳定边界层的模拟,不同参数化方案之间的差异较小,但是YSU方案在一定程度上高估了机械湍流,导致局地湍流混合偏强,从而影响了其对稳定边界层的模拟能力. 相似文献
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Historically, martial law in Taiwan severely restricted access to and use of coastal areas. Since the martial law was lifted in 1987, the government has permitted more than 80 development projects in coastal areas throughout Taiwan. However, rapid growth and overexploitation have led to significant degradation of oceanic and coastal environments. To protect and sustain marine ecosystem functions, species, and habitats, proactive conservation measures are needed. One of the most effective measures is the establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs). In this paper, we introduce the current situation of protected areas in Taiwan. We then discuss the general concepts of MPAs, describe the characteristics of Chinwan in the Penghu archipelago, and conclude with lessons learned from the attempt to establish an MPA at Chinwan. 相似文献
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Chiau WY 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(8-12):1041-1047
The Marine Pollution Control Act (MPCA) of Taiwan was promulgated on November 1, 2000, with the specific aim of controlling marine pollution, safeguarding public health, and promoting the sustainable use of marine resources. In addition to land-based pollution, oil spills are one of the most significant threats to the local marine environment largely on account of the some 30,000 tankers which pass through Taiwan’s coastal waters each year. In January 2001, two months after the enactment of this newly-introduced law, a Greek merchant vessel, the Amorgos ran aground in the vicinity of a national park on the southern tip of Taiwan, causing a serious oil spill and leading to considerable changes with regard to the marine pollution management system. The incident brought to the forefront many serious problems, such as a lack of experience, expertise as well as equipment required to respond to such disasters, as well as the ambiguous, unclear jurisdiction among related agencies. Thus, this paper reviews the incident of the Amorgos spill, identifies the major issues and lessons learned, and proposes several recommendations in an effort for Taiwan to further improve its marine pollution management system. 相似文献