Size-fractionated primary production in the Kuroshio Extension and adjacent regions in spring     

Yuta Nishibe  Kazutaka Takahashi  Takuhei Shiozaki  Shigeho Kakehi  Hiroaki Saito  Ken Furuya 《Journal of Oceanography》2015,71(1):27-40

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新建高层建筑物对周边雷电环境的影响          下载免费PDF全文

余建华  李玉塔  吕振东 《气象与减灾研究》2016,39(2):139-144

结合江西省南昌市某新建高层建筑物的案例,分析了高层建筑物对周边建筑物雷电环境的影响。结果表明:新建高层建筑物的存在将减小周边较低建筑物遭受直接雷击危害的概率,具体减少的程度与建筑物的相对距离和相对高度有关;由于新建高层建筑物遭受直接雷击的概率远远大于周边较低建筑物,雷击时所产生的电磁脉冲对周边建筑物电器设备损害的概率要大大增加;新建高层建筑物的管线与原较低建筑物的管线不可能完全分开,原建筑物管线可能流入的雷电流也会大大增加。因此,在新建高层建筑物设计时,应根据具体情况进一步完善原周边建筑物防雷击电磁脉冲措施,加强屏蔽与综合布线、等电位连接。  相似文献   

Sound velocity and density of liquid Ni68S32 under pressure using ultrasonic and X-ray absorption with tomography methods     

Hidenori Terasaki  Keisuke Nishida  Satoru Urakawa  Yusaku Takubo  Soma Kuwabara  Yuta Shimoyama  Kentaro Uesugi  Yoshio Kono  Akihisa Takeuchi  Yoshio Suzuki  Yuji Higo  Tadashi Kondo 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2019,351(2-3):163-170

A new experimental setup for simultaneous P-wave velocity (V_P) and density (ρ) measurements for liquid alloys is developed using ultrasonic and X-ray absorption methods combined with X-ray tomography at high pressures and high temperatures. The new setup allows us to directly determine adiabatic bulk moduli (K_S) and to discuss the correlation between the V_P and ρ of the liquid sample. We measured V_P and ρ of liquid Ni₆₈S₃₂ up to 5.6 GPa and 1045 K using this technique. The effect of pressure on the V_P and ρ values of liquid Ni₆₈S₃₂ is similar to that of liquid Fe₅₇S₄₃. (Both compositions correspond to near-eutectic ones.) The obtained K_S values are well fitted to the finite strain equation with a $K_{{\text{S}}_0}$ value (K_S at ambient pressure) of 31.1 GPa and a dK_S/dP value of 8.44. The measured V_P was found to increase linearly with increasing ρ, as approximated by the relationship: V_P [m/s] = 1.29 ρ [kg/m³] – 5726, suggesting that liquid Ni–S follows an empirical linear relationship, Birch's law. The dV_P/dρ slope is similar between Ni₆₈S₃₂ and Fe₅₇S₄₃ liquids, while the V_P–ρ plot of liquid Ni–S is markedly different from that of liquid Fe–S, which indicates that the effect of Ni on Birch's law is important for understanding the V_P–ρ relation of planetary and Moon's molten cores.  相似文献   

Vertical and seasonal differences in biogenic silica dissolution in natural seawater in Suruga Bay, Japan: Effects of temperature and organic matter   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yuta Natori  Aya Haneda  Yoshimi Suzuki 《Marine Chemistry》2006,102(3-4):230-241

Vertical and seasonal characteristics of biogenic silica (BSi) dissolution in seawater were investigated by multiple dissolution experiments using seawater collected from surface and mesopelagic layers in Suruga Bay during the period 2002–2004. The dissolution rate coefficients calculated based on temporal changes of BSi concentration varied with the season of sample collection. They ranged from 0.023–0.057 day^− 1 for surface samples and 0.0018–0.0025 day^− 1 for mesopelagic samples for temperatures approaching in situ conditions. Experiments at various temperatures confirmed that BSi dissolution depends on temperature in natural seawater. Dissolution rate coefficient (day^− 1) of BSi correlated significantly with temperature (°C), and Q₁₀ was 2.6. Addition of bioavailable organic matter to low-bioactivity seawater enhanced the protease activity and abundance of bacteria, and increased BSi dissolution rate by a factor of 1.4–2.0. There is clear evidence that BSi dissolution is accelerated by bacterial activity and potentially limited by bioavailable organic matter in natural seawater. Dissolution rates and total decreases of BSi concentration were lower during experiments using mesopelagic samples than in those using surface samples. This suggests that dissolution of BSi varies with depth and that BSi in the mesopelagic water is more resistant to the dissolution than that in the surface water. This lower dissolution rate was caused by lower temperature and lower bacterial activity due to less bioavailable organic matter in mesopelagic water. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding of variations in silica cycling within the seasonally and vertically differing marine environment.  相似文献   

Relationship between Salinity and Nutrients in the Subsurface Layer in the Suruga Bay     

Tatsuya?IwataEmail author  Yoshiko?Shinomura  Yuta?Natori  Yasumasa?Igarashi  Rumi?Sohrin  Yoshimi?Suzuki 《Journal of Oceanography》2005,61(4):721-732

We investigated the water structure and nutrient distribution in the Suruga Bay from April 2000 to July 2002, especially the Offshore Water, which occupies a large part of the bay. The maximum salinity in the upper 200 m varied between 34.49 and 34.71, indicating a temporal change in the influence of Kuroshio Water on the Offshore Water. Seasonal variation in nutrient concentrations was largest from surface to 50 m. On the other hand, the variance in nutrient concentrations within each season was largest in the subsurface layer of 100–300 m in spring, summer and fall. In the Offshore Water, the change of nutrients was negatively correlated with that of salinity in each season. This suggests that an increasing intrusion of saline water brings about a lower nutrient concentration in the Offshore Water. Likewise, negative correlations were observed between the change of the maximum salinity and chlorophyll a (Δ [chl.a-int])/nutrients integrated in the upper 200 m. Δ[chl.a-int] was significantly correlated with the changes of nitrate and phosphorus, but there were no significant correlations between Δ[chl.a-int] and the change of silicate. These results suggest that the concentrations of chlorophyll a and nutrients in the Offshore Water were decreased due to the increasing intrusion of Kuroshio Water. The Offshore Water is likely to be related to the regulation of primary production by nitrate.  相似文献   

Seasonal variation of volatile organic iodine compounds in the water column of Funka Bay,Hokkaido, Japan     

Yusaku Shimizu  Atsushi Ooki  Hiroji Onishi  Tetsuya Takatsu  Seiji Tanaka  Yuta Inagaki  Kota Suzuki  Naoto Kobayashi  Yoshihiko Kamei  Kenshi Kuma 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2017,74(2):205-225

Volatile organic iodine compounds (VOIs) emitted from the ocean surface to the air play an important role in atmospheric chemistry. Shipboard observations were conducted in Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan, bimonthly or monthly from March 2012 to December 2014, to elucidate the seasonal variations of VOI concentrations in seawater and their sea-to-air iodine fluxes. The bay water exchanges with the open ocean water of the North Pacific twice a year (early spring and autumn). Vertical profiles of CH₂I₂, CH₂ClI, CH₃I, and C₂H₅I concentrations in the bay water were measured bimonthly or monthly within an identified water mass. The VOI concentrations began to increase after early April at the end of the diatom spring bloom, and represented substantial peaks in June or July. The temporal variation of the C₂H₅I profile, which showed a distinct peak in the bottom layer from April to July, was similar to the PO₄ ^3? variation profile. Correlation between C₂H₅I and PO₄ ^3? concentrations (r = 0.93) suggests that C₂H₅I production was associated with degradation of organic matter deposited on the bottom after the spring bloom. CH₂I₂ and CH₂ClI concentrations increased substantially in the surface and subsurface layers (0–60 m) in June or July resulted in a clear seasonal variation of the sea-to-air iodine flux of the VOIs (high in summer or autumn and low in spring).  相似文献   

Global warming trend without the contributions from decadal variability of the Arctic Oscillation   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Yuta Nagato  H.L. Tanaka 《Polar Science》2012,6(1):15-22

Climate change associated with recent global warming is most prominent in the Arctic and subarctic. The Arctic Oscillation (AO) is a dominant atmospheric phenomenon in the Northern Hemisphere. Decadal variability of surface air temperature (SAT) associated with the AO index shows high correlation with recent global warming trend. In this study, the SAT variability in the Northern Hemisphere is separated in contributions from decadal variability by the AO and remaining components.The results indicate that the decadal variability of the AO index shows high correlation with the SAT variation until 1990. The AO index and SAT variabilities show a negative trend during 1949–1969, while the trend is positive during 1969–1989. In addition, the spatial distribution pattern of the SAT linear trend during each period shows the same pattern as AO. However, while the AO index indicates a negative trend, the SAT trend is continuously positive also after 1990. This warming pattern appearing after 1990 is caused by the Arctic amplification.Although the AO has a large amplitude on local scale, the AO is almost dynamically orthogonal to the hemispheric warming component. However, the AO can be related to the decadal variability of the Arctic and subarctic temperature change through the feedbacks by climate sub-systems.  相似文献   

Three‐dimensional microstructure of samples recovered from asteroid 25143 Itokawa: Comparison with LL5 and LL6 chondrite particles     

Akira Tsuchiyama  Masayuki Uesugi  Kentaro Uesugi  Tsukasa Nakano  Ryo Noguchi  Toru Matsumoto  Junya Matsuno  Takashi Nagano  Yuta Imai  Akira Shimada  Akihisa Takeuchi  Yoshio Suzuki  Tomoki Nakamura  Takaaki Noguchi  Masanao Abe  Toru Yada  Akio Fujimura 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2014,49(2):172-187

In this study, the three‐dimensional (3‐D) microstructure of 48 Itokawa regolith particles was examined by synchrotron microtomography at SPring‐8 during the preliminary examination of Hayabusa samples. Moreover, the 3‐D microstructure of particles collected from two LL6 chondrites (Ensisheim and Kilabo meteorites) and an LL5 chondrite (Tuxtuac meteorite) was investigated by the same method for comparison. The modal abundances of minerals, especially olivine, bulk density, porosity, and grain size are similar in all samples, including voids and cracks. These results show that the Itokawa particles, which are surface materials from the S‐type asteroid Itokawa, are consistent with the LL chondrite materials in terms of not only elemental and isotopic composition of the minerals but also 3‐D microstructure. However, we could not determine whether the Itokawa particles are purely LL5, LL6, or a mixture of the two. No difference between the particles collected from Rooms A and B of the sample chamber, corresponding to the sampling sequence of the spacecraft's second and first touchdowns, respectively, was detected because of the statistically small amount of particles from Room B.  相似文献   

Sound velocity and elastic properties of Fe–Ni and Fe–Ni–C liquids at high pressure     

Soma Kuwabara  Hidenori Terasaki  Keisuke Nishida  Yuta Shimoyama  Yusaku Takubo  Yuji Higo  Yuki Shibazaki  Satoru Urakawa  Kentaro Uesugi  Akihisa Takeuchi  Tadashi Kondo 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2016,43(3):229-236

The sound velocity (V _P) of liquid Fe–10 wt% Ni and Fe–10 wt% Ni–4 wt% C up to 6.6 GPa was studied using the ultrasonic pulse-echo method combined with synchrotron X-ray techniques. The obtained V _P of liquid Fe–Ni is insensitive to temperature, whereas that of liquid Fe–Ni–C tends to decrease with increasing temperature. The V _P values of both liquid Fe–Ni and Fe–Ni–C increase with pressure. Alloying with 10 wt% of Ni slightly reduces the V _P of liquid Fe, whereas alloying with C is likely to increase the V _P. However, a difference in V _P between liquid Fe–Ni and Fe–Ni–C becomes to be smaller at higher temperature. By fitting the measured V _P data with the Murnaghan equation of state, the adiabatic bulk modulus (K _S0) and its pressure derivative (K _S ^′ ) were obtained to be K _S0 = 103 GPa and K _S ^′  = 5.7 for liquid Fe–Ni and K _S0 = 110 GPa and K _S ^′  = 7.6 for liquid Fe–Ni–C. The calculated density of liquid Fe–Ni–C using the obtained elastic parameters was consistent with the density values measured directly using the X-ray computed tomography technique. In the relation between the density (ρ) and sound velocity (V _P) at 5 GPa (the lunar core condition), it was found that the effect of alloying Fe with Ni was that ρ increased mildly and V _P decreased, whereas the effect of C dissolution was to decrease ρ but increase V _P. In contrast, alloying with S significantly reduces both ρ and V _P. Therefore, the effects of light elements (C and S) and Ni on the ρ and V _P of liquid Fe are quite different under the lunar core conditions, providing a clue to constrain the light element in the lunar core by comparing with lunar seismic data.  相似文献   

Atmospheric hydroperoxides measured over a rural site in central Japan during spring: helicopter-borne measurements     

Koichi Watanabe  Chinatsu Yachi  Xiao Jing Song  Saori Kakuyama  Miyuki Nishibe  Sheng Jun Jin 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2018,75(2):141-153

Measurements of the concentrations of H₂O₂ and methyl hydroperoxide (MHP), O₃, and SO₂ over Imizu City, Toyama Prefecture, Japan were performed in March using a helicopter. H₂O₂ concentrations were higher at an altitude of approximately 2,400 m (8,000 ft). The H₂O₂ concentrations (< 0.8 ppb) in the spring were much lower than those observed during the summer observations. MHP was also higher in the high-altitude atmosphere. Lower concentrations of H₂O₂ were observed when high air pollutants were actively transported from Asian continent. The concentrations of H₂O₂ were mostly lower than those of SO₂; this condition is called oxidant limitation. If H₂O₂ concentration rises in cold months, the acidification of cloud water may be accelerated at high elevations in central Japan where air pollution is actively transported.  相似文献