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本研究以海洋微藻——赤潮藻海洋卡盾藻(Chattonella marina)与饵料藻青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandica var.tsingtaoensis)为研究对象,采用单培养和共培养的方法,研究二者间的竞争关系,并在此基础上研究海洋卡盾藻去藻过滤液和藻细胞裂解液对青岛大扁藻的化感作用,同时进一步探讨两种海洋微藻间的化感作用对UV-B辐射增强的响应。结果显示:共培养条件下,海洋卡盾藻在2个高浓度下对青岛大扁藻的生长产生显著抑制(P0.05);海洋卡盾藻去藻过滤液和藻细胞裂解液对青岛大扁藻的生长也具有显著抑制作用(P0.05),且藻细胞裂解液的抑制作用更强,说明海洋卡盾藻对青岛大扁藻产生化感作用,且通过细胞间直接接触传递的化感物质多于通过介质传递的。不同密度比例的2种藻共培养组用UV-B辐射(2.16J/m2)处理后,海洋卡盾藻对青岛大扁藻生长的化感作用有所减弱。 相似文献
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Green tides have occurred every year from 2007 to 2014 in the Yellow Sea. Ulva prolifera(Müller) J. Agardh has been identified as the bloom-forming alga,co-occurring with U. intestinalis. We observed distinct strategies for both algal species during green tides. U. prolifera exhibited a high abundance initially and then decreased dramatically,while U. intestinalis persisted throughout. The antioxidant system responses of these two macroalgae were compared in the late phase of a green tide(in-situ) and after laboratory acclimation. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system responses differed significantly between the two. Malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents increased significantly in-situ in U. prolifera,but not in U. intestinalis. In U. prolifera,we observed a significant decrease in total antioxidant ability(T-AOC),antioxidant enzymes(SOD and Apx),and non-enzyme antioxidants(GSH and As A) in-situ. U. intestinalis showed the same pattern of T-AOC and SOD,but its Gpx,Apx,and GSH responses did not differ significantly. The results suggest that U. prolifera was more susceptible than U. intestinalis to the harsh environmental changes during the late phase of a Yellow Sea green tide. The boom and bust strategy exhibited by U. prolifera and the persistence of U. intestinalis can be explained by differences in enzyme activity and antioxidant systems. 相似文献
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浒苔(Ulva prolifera)引起的大规模绿潮起源于黄海南部,在向北迁移过程中生物量迅速扩增,在海州湾附近(35°N左右)迅速增加达到峰值。在绿潮漂浮迁移过程中,海水表层温度、溶解无机氮(dissolved inorganic nitrogen,DIN)和磷酸盐(PO43-P-)变化显著。本文以迁移过程中的浒苔为研究对象,分析了环境要素变化与浒苔藻体的生物学特征间的关系。结果显示,随着绿潮的漂浮迁移,浒苔藻体光系统Ⅱ最大光化学量子产量Fv/Fm从0.7逐渐降低至0.45左右,光系统Ⅱ实际光化学量子产量Y(Ⅱ)从0.55逐渐降至0.25左右;硝酸还原酶活性(nitrate reductase activity,NRA)从2.7μmol/L NO2-/(mg·h)降至0.5μmol/L NO2-/(mg·h)左右;生殖分配率(RA)从15%逐渐上升至50%左右。相关性分析表明,DIN与浒苔藻体的生物学特征相关性呈极显著,表明在漂浮迁移中,DIN对浒苔的生物学特征至关重要。温度对浒苔藻体光合活性和NRA的影响极显著;光照强度对浒苔藻体光合活性的影响极显著,对NRA的影响显著;盐度和PO43--P显著影响浒苔藻体的光合活性和NRA,而这四种环境要素与浒苔形成生殖细胞的相关性不显著。本文认为,绿潮漂浮迁移过程中,浒苔藻体光合活性、营养盐吸收等生物学特征对环境中DIN的变化响应最敏感,其他环境要素对浒苔藻体的影响程度大小依次为温度、PO43--P、盐度和光照强度。绿潮漂浮迁移过程中环境要素的变化直接影响了浒苔的生长与生殖,尤其是海州湾附近(35°N左右)是浒苔藻体状态改变的分水岭。 相似文献
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This paper aims to evaluate the effects of ultraviolet-Bradiation(UVBR) on Gracilaria lemaneiformis,a commercial red macroalga and an important source of agar. To study the in-vitro effect of UVBR on G. lemaneiformis,this plant was cultivated and exposed to photosynthetically active radiation(PAR) at 40 μmol photons/(m2 ·s) and enhanced UVBR(0,0.36,0.72,1.08,1.44,and 1.80 k J/(m 2 ·d)) for 13 days. The samples were processed for histochemical analysis,and the growth rate,photosynthetic pigment contents,photosynthetic performance,reactive oxygen species levels,membrane permeability,malonyl dialdehyde contents and antioxidant capacity of G. lemaneiformis were investigated. After 13 days of exposure to PAR+UVBR,G. lemaneiformis showed photodamage and photoinhibition of photosynthetic pigments(chlorophylla and phycoerythrin),leading to a decreased photosynthetic efficiency. Further,there was a corresponding decrease in the relative growth rates and depigmentation and partial necrosis of the apical segments were noted after exposure to PAR+UVBR. Additionally,UVBR induced excess production of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide,eliciting a marked cellular membrane damage and antioxidative response. 相似文献
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With the increased use of copper(Cu)-based antifouling(AF) paints,copper has become a potential threat to marine organisms. Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of copper on larvae of the barnacle Chthamalus challengeri. These experiments attempted to identify a more sensitive index to monitor copper pollution in marine environments. The 24 h LC5 0 ranged from 156.07 μg/L(nauplius II) to 817.15 μg/L(cypris) and the no observed effect concentration(NOEC) ranged from 81.75 μg/L(nauplius II) to 571.04 μg/L(cypris). The cypris settlement rate declined significantly when copper concentrations ≥135 μg/L. No cypris was found in the copper concentration of 60 and 75 μg/L treatment groups stressed for 22 d. Nauplius II moulting was not affected by exposure to copper for 24 h; however,when extended to 48 h,the percent moulted in 75 μg/L treatment group was declined to 37.12%,which was significant lower( P 0.05) than that in the control group. The phototaxis of nauplius II decreased significantly when copper concentrations ≥45 μg/L. Despite an initial significant increase at copper concentrations of 30 μg/L,ammonia excretion rate decreased when copper concentrations ≥60 μg/L. These results suggested that:(1) nauplius II could not develop to the cypris when the copper concentration ≥60 μg/L;(2) cypris settlement is more susceptible to copper than cypris mortality rate;(3) nauplius II is the most sensitive larval stage;(4) nauplius II ammonia excretion rate is the most sensitive index to copper and might be as the indicator for copper pollution monitoring. 相似文献
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苏北浅滩是研究浒苔绿潮早期形成机制的重要区域,该区域紫菜养殖筏架上附生绿藻的群落结构变化对浒苔绿潮的发生具有重要影响,环境因素在其中发挥了重要作用。为了探明导致苏北浅滩绿藻群落结构变化的主要环境因素,本文通过分子生物学和种群生态学方法对筏架附生绿藻群落结构进行了研究,结果表明:(1)苏北浅滩筏架附生绿藻群落主要由浒苔(Ulva prolifera)、盘苔(Blidingia sp.)、缘管浒苔(Ulva linza)、曲浒苔(Ulva flexuosa)和其他绿藻5个类群构成;(2)绿藻群落具有明显的演替现象,环境温度是导致绿藻群落结构变化的关键环境因素,适低温性的绿藻逐渐被浒苔等适应较高温度的绿藻取代;(3)浒苔的生物量从3月的1.65 g/m增加到了5月的31.78 g/m,所占比例也从低于5%达到接近40%,生物量的大量积累为绿潮早期漂浮斑块的形成提供了物质基础。本文研究结果为黄海绿潮的早期预警和防控提供了生态学依据。 相似文献
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The present study was conducted to determine the ef fects of elevated pCO_2 on growth, photosynthesis, dark respiration and inorganic carbon acquisition in the marine microalga D unaliella salina. To accomplish this, D. salina was incubated in semi-continuous cultures under present-day CO_2 levels(390 μatm, p HN BS : 8.10), predicted year 2100 CO_2 levels(1 000 μatm, p HN BS : 7.78) and predicted year 2300 CO_2 levels(2 000 μatm, p H NBS : 7.49). Elevated pCO_2 significantly enhanced photosynthesis(in terms of gross photosynthetic O_2 evolution, ef fective quantum yield(ΔF/F' m), photosynthetic efficiency( α), maximum relative electron transport rate(r ETRm ax) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(Rubisco) activity) and dark respiration of D. salina, but had insignificant effects on growth. The photosynthetic O_2 evolution of D. salina was significantly inhibited by the inhibitors acetazolamide(AZ), ethoxyzolamide(EZ) and 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonate(DIDS), indicating that D. salina is capable of acquiring HCO ˉ 3 via extracellular carbonic anhydrase and anion-exchange proteins. Furthermore, the lower inhibition of the photosynthetic O2 evolution at high pCO_2 levels by AZ, EZ and DIDS and the decreased carbonic anhydrase showed that carbon concentrating mechanisms were down-regulated at high pCO_2. In conclusion, our results show that photosynthesis, dark respiration and CCMs will be af fected by the increased pCO_2/low p H conditions predicted for the future, but that the responses of D. salina to high pCO_2/low p H might be modulated by other environmental factors such as light, nutrients and temperature. Therefore, further studies are needed to determine the interactive eff ects of pCO_2, temperature, light and nutrients on marine microalgae. 相似文献
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多模式小卫星SAR（synthetic aperture radar,合成孔径雷达）是一种搭载于小卫星平台的新体制雷达系统,它集SAR、散射计、高度计、波谱仪4种遥感器的优势于一身。它可以根据需求分时实现几种工作模式的切换,可兼顾对海洋目标和海洋动力环境的高精度测量。由于卫星发射存在诸多不确定因素,为了在卫星发射前对多模式小卫星SAR进行检验,本文对拟开展的机载挂飞试验进行了介绍。首先,介绍了拟开展的机载挂飞试验的等效性原则。接下来,介绍了各种工作模式试验、SAR/散射计联合反演试验、多视向SAR试验的飞行路线规划。之后,介绍了机载挂飞试验的雷达参数设计方法。最后,给出了各种工作模式的雷达参数设计结果。所设计的飞行路线和雷达参数可以为机载挂飞试验服务,并且实现了星载技术指标的准等效验证。通过小卫星SAR卫星组网可弥补目前SAR卫星时间分辨率低的缺点。 相似文献