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In this study, bench‐scale experiments were conducted to examine the UV/H2O2 oxidation of 17α‐ethynyestradiol (EE2) in water in a batch operation mode. The EE2 degradation exhibited pseudo‐first‐order kinetics, and the removal was ascribed to the production of hydroxyl radicals (?OH) by the UV/H2O2 system. Typically, the EE2 oxidation rate increased with increasing UV intensity and H2O2 dose, and with deceasing initial EE2 levels and solution pH. At EE20 = 650 µg/L, UV intensity = 154 µW/cm2, H2O2 = 5 mg/L, and neutral pH, the UV/H2O2 treatment was able to remove 90% of the EE2 content within 30 min. Four anions commonly present in water were found to inhibit EE2 degradation to varying degrees: > > Cl? > . Our results demonstrate that the described UV/H2O2 process is an effective method to control EE2 pollution in water. 相似文献
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Red tide occurrs frequently and causes signi?cant damage to the environment and human health. As a result, development of new effcient and environment friendly red-tide microalgae inhibitors has gained increasing attention in recent times. Algicolous endophytic fungi with unique habitats are promising sources for active agents owing to their abundant secondary metabolites and distinguished activities. In this study, the algicidal activities of 49 marine macroalgal-derived endophytic fungi against phytoplankton Alexandrium tamarense, Prorocentrum donghaiense, Heterosigma akashiwo, and Chattonella marina were examined using 96-well microplate. Four fungal strains, including Aspergillus wentii(pt-1), A. ustus(cf-42),and A. versicolor(dl-29, pt-20), exhibited potent algicidal activities. A total of 32 pure compounds isolated from these fungi were noted to possess dif ferent degrees of algicidal activities. Of those, 11 compounds comprising ?ve anthraquinones, two terpenoids, and four steroids showed high 24-h inhibition rates for the four red tide algae, with 24 h EC_(50) values ranging from 0.01 to 14.29 μg/mL. Among them, compound1(1,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-7-methylanthraquinone) presented the strongest activity against H. akashiwo,and could decrease its chlorophyll a(Chl a) and superoxide dismutase contents and increase the soluble protein, malondialdehyde, and peroxidase contents. These results suggested that the identi?ed anti-algal compound might inhibit the growth of red tide algae by weakening photosynthesis(reducing Chl a content),destroying cell membrane, and damaging the antioxidant system. 相似文献
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Compounds isolated and identified in a culture of the alga-endophytic fungus Talaromyces sp. cf-16 included two naturally occurring alkaloids, 2-[(S)-hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]-3-methylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (1a) and 2-[(R)-hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]-3-methylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (1b), that were identified for the first time. In addition, seven known compounds (2–8) were obtained from the culture. Following chiral column chromatography, compounds 1a and 1b were identified as enantiomers by spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical calculations. Bioassay results showed that 5 was more toxic to brine shrimp than the other compounds, and that 3–6 could inhibit Staphylococcus aureus. 相似文献
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The increased accumulation of toxic pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment is a concern of worldwide relevance. Efficient technologies are needed to mitigate the level of such chemicals in natural waters. The suitability of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to remove aqueous triclosan (a widely used anti‐microbial agent) was investigated in the present study. Tested operational parameters included the pH (3.0–11.0) value and the ionic strength (10?3, 10?2, and 10?1 M). Kinetic and thermodynamic studies were conducted at different initial concentrations (4, 8, and 10 mg/L) and temperatures (288, 298, and 308 K). Results showed higher triclosan adsorption at pH 3.0 (157.7 mg/g) than at pH 11.0 (103.9 mg/g). With an increase of ionic strength from 10?3 to 10?2 M, the adsorption capacity increased from 136.1 to 153.1 mg/g and from 80.8 to 105.8 mg/g at pH 3.0 and 10.0, respectively, while further increase of ionic strength to 10?1 M slightly reduced the triclosan adsorption to 149.9 and 94.7 mg/g due to the aggregation of MWCNTs. The Polanyi–Manes model (PMM) provided a best fitting of adsorption isotherms to the experimental data, and the kinetic process was well described by the pseudo second‐order kinetic model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters (ΔH0 = ?88.08 kJ/mol, ΔS0 = ?173.38 J/mol K) suggested that the adsorption of triclosan is spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The findings of the present work have significant implications for the removal of triclosan from aqueous solution with MWCNTs. 相似文献
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Responses of marine-derived Trichoderma fungi to seawater and their potential antagonistic behaviour
To explore the metabolic responses of marine-derived Trichoderma fungi to environmental stresses, the survivability, metabolism, and antagonism of ten marine isolates have been examined. Their survival in both freshwater and seawater indicates them to be facultative marine fungi, but they are more adaptable to marine environment. Most of them feature strain-specific and positive metabolic responses to seawater, which also usually result in the higher proportions of heteroatom-bearing and unsaturated units in mycelial constituents. Seawater factors can promote many strains to produce bioactive metabolites,including plant pathogen-and marine phytoplankton-inhibitory and marine animal-toxic ones, but the ef fects of NaCl are often weak or negative. The inhibition of marine phytoplankton corresponds to the intracellular accumulation of heteroatom-bearing and unsaturated units under seawater condition, and the varied toxicities to marine animals further signify the divergences of lipophilic exudates under dif ferent conditions. The results may contribute to further understanding and mining the structural diversity and biological activity of secondary metabolites from marine-derived Trichoderma fungi. 相似文献
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