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ABSTRACT This paper discusses characteristics of the seasonal variation in phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in the PM2.5 in the city of Changji, which is located an arid area of Xinjiang Province, northwest China. Samples were collected using a Laoying 2030 median discharge intelligent total suspended particulate (TSP) sampler and analyzed by a Shimadzu GC-2010 gas chromatograph. The results showed that PAEs in PM2.5 were mainly composed of phthalic acid dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and phthalic acid (2-)ethyl hexyl ester (DEHP). DBP and DEHP are the most commonly used plasticizers, accounting for the majority of plasticizers used, and have large environmental emissions. Compared with the proportions of TSPs, proportions of DBP and DEHP in the PM2.5 were lower, while the proportions of DMP and DEP were higher. A correlation exists between the distribution of PAEs and the particle size and concentration of atmospheric particulates. Seasonal variations in DBP and DEHP were the same, with lowest concentrations in the summer. Although seasonal variation in DMP was not the same as those of DBP and DEHP, the general trend was similar. Seasonal variation in DEP was different from those of other PAEs. This pattern is related to PAE characteristics and seasonal variations in their sources. 相似文献
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快速交通在发展过程中产生的时空收敛效应、产业人口迁往效应以及引致节点城镇有机生长和空间轴线发展,使得特大城市有机疏散的距离、形式发生了相应的调整和变化,开始从内部地域空间依次向外部地域空间进行平面型和立体型有机疏散,而且促进了城镇体系和城乡系统各种要素的流动和整合。由此,不仅实现了特大城市资源要素供给与需求的动态平衡,并且加快了城镇体系的优化和城乡一体化进程。 相似文献
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Simulation of spatially correlated earthquake ground motions for engineering purposes 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
A new model to simulate spatially correlated earthquake ground motions is developed. In the model, the main factors that characterize three distinct effects of spatial variability, namely, the incoherency effect, the wave-passage effect and the site-response effect, are taken into account, and corresponding terms/parameters are incorporated into the well known model of uniform ground motions. Some of these terms/parameters can be determined by the root operation, and others can be calculated directly. The proposed model is fi rst verif ied theoretically, and examples of ground motion simulations are provided as a further illustration. It is proven that the ensemble expected value and the ensemble auto-/cross-spectral density functions of the simulated ground motions are identical to the target spectral density functions. The proposed model can also be used to simulate other correlated stochastic processes, such as wave and wind loads. 相似文献
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根据人工地震探测结果,分别在天津东丽区山岭子村北、大港区中塘村和宁河县北淮淀村布设了三条钻孔剖面,对沧东断裂开展了钻孔勘探工作。经微体古生物鉴定和地层年代测试,确定了各钻孔第一、第二、第三和第四海相层的位置。通过以海相层为标志层的地层对比并结合中塘村BZ1孔古地磁测试结果,对沧东断裂的活动性进行了分析研究。结果表明,沧东断裂晚更新世以来没有发现活动的迹象,其最新活动年代可能在中更新世。如果以海河断裂为界,从位于沧东断裂北部的北淮淀钻孔剖面和位于南部的中塘钻孔剖面的地层对比发现,沧东断裂北段、南段活动性差异不大。同时,已有的一些研究表明,海相层的观测可能对地震信息反映较好。除沧东断裂探测外,天津南、北断裂、海河断裂对21口钻孔进行了海相层鉴定,目前开展的蓟运河断裂探测也将对海相层位置进行确定,这些结果,对利用咸水层观测地震信息的层位选择有很大帮助。 相似文献
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对数字形变观测过程中辽宁丹东地震台、营口地震台、抚顺地震台、朝阳地震台DSQ水管仪、SS-Y伸缩仪存在的自然干扰现象进行研究，对其机理和数据形态作了对比分析，为快速、准确地判别自然干扰提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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This paper derives an equivalent of Darcian Theis solution for non-Darcian flow induced by constant rate pumping of a well in a confined aquifer. The derivation, which is valid at later times only, is original. It utilizes Izbash's equation. This introduces an additional parameter to Darcian condition, namely, empirical exponent. The solution is a non-Drcian equivalent of Jacob straight line method for analyzing pumping tests at late times. It can be used to determine aquifer parameters: storativity, analogous hydraulic conductivity, and empirical exponent. However, while the Jacob method requires a minimum of only one pumping test with one observation well, the additional parameter in the present solution means that a minimum of two observation wells in one test or two pumping tests at different rates with one observation well are required. The derived solution is applied to a case study at Plomeur in Brittany, France, and is shown to provide a practical and efficient method for analyzing pumping tests where non-Darcian groundwater flow occurs. 相似文献
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