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农户的非农就业如何影响中国的土地流转? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To clarify the impact of non-agricultural employment on rural land circulation in China,we built logit models using the Chinese Household Income Project 2013 dataset,which includes 18,948 household samples over 15 provinces,126 cities and 234 counties of China in 2013.We use the proportion of non-agricultural income,the proportion of non-agricultural laborers and non-agricultural fixed operating assets to reflect the degree of the households’dependence on agriculture,the degree of the households’laborers committed to non-agricultural employment and the stability of non-agricultural employment,respectively.The results show that the stability of non-agricultural employment is an important reason for farmers to transfer out their land,and an increase in non-agricultural income is the fundamental reason.The proportion of non-agricultural assets has the greatest impact on the decision to transfer land,followed by the proportion of non-agricultural income.Per unit increase in the non-agricultural income ratio has a stronger effect on the transfer-out decision than it does on the transfer-in decision,which is a 0.09 increase of the probability of transfer-out the land and a 0.07 decrease of the probability of transfer-in the land.In terms of regional differences,when considering the impact of non-agricultural employment on the land transfer-out decision,the impacts of non-agricultural income and labor force are the greatest in the Central region.The impact of non-agricultural assets is the greatest in the Eastern region.For the Eastern region,the decision to transfer out land is mainly affected by non-agricultural assets and the non-agricultural labor force,and the decision to transfer in land is mainly affected by non-agricultural assets.In the Central and Western regions,the decision to transfer out land is mainly affected by non-agricultural assets,non-agricultural income and the non-agricultural labor force,in that order.The decision to transfer in land in the Central region is not significantly affected by non-agricultural employment.The decision to transfer in land in the Western region is mainly affected by non-agricultural assets,non-agricultural labor force and non-agricultural income,in that order.We note that non-agricultural assets have a prominent impact on land transfer,which shows that the stability of non-agricultural employment has an important impact on land transfer decision-making.Vocational training for rural labor forces may be an effective means to promote stable non-agricultural employment and simultaneously facilitate rural land circulation,especially in Central and Western China. 相似文献
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农户小规模的农业生产方式已经与我国农业现代化的发展产生冲突,在全国大力推进土地流转和发展农业适度规模经营的背景下,对种植规模与规模效率之间关系的研究就成为了热点。本文利用368份江汉平原水稻种植农户的调查数据,应用"DEA-OLS"两阶段分析方法,对水稻种植的规模效率进行了测算,并考察了种植规模与规模效率之间的关系。结果表明:(1)江汉平原内农户水稻种植的规模普遍较小,平均为0.77公顷,规模效率平均为0.88,规模效率是限制水稻种植综合技术效率增加的主要因素,有88.32%的农户都处在规模报酬递增的阶段。(2)水稻种植规模与规模效率之间确实存在稳定的倒"U"型关系,在考虑户主特征、土地质量和家庭特征的情况下,农户水稻种植规模达到5公顷时,规模效率最大。(3)户主特征因素中,户主年龄对规模效率有显著的负向影响;户主从事非农工作的家庭比户主纯务农的家庭规模效率低。耕地质量因素中,地块的灌溉条件对规模效率有显著的正向影响。家庭特征因素中,使用机械播种的家庭比手工播种家庭的规模效率高3.07%。因此,我们建议当地政府积极推进土地流转,实行阶梯式的规模经营补贴,增加在灌溉条件改善和机械设施普及上的投入,以鼓励农户扩大种植规模,提高规模效率和种植收益,发展适度规模经营。 相似文献
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为了解中国典型山区农业水土资源分布的匹配程度及其格局变化,研究以区域内单位面积耕地拥有的农业水资源量刻画太行山区、横断山区和黔桂喀斯特山区农业水土资源的时空匹配情况。结果表明：① 三大山区耕地分布的集中程度较高。太行山区的耕地主要分布在河北境内的北段地区和山西境内的南段地区,横断山区的耕地主要分布在南段地区,喀斯特山区的耕地分布呈现“南北多中部少”的格局。② 三大山区农业水资源的分布及变化都主要集中在低海拔地区。太行山区的农业水资源主要分布在山西、河南段,横断山区的农业水资源主要分布在四川境内,喀斯特山区的农业水资源较均匀地分布在广西和贵州境内。③ 太行山区农业水土资源匹配程度较差,横断山区、喀斯特山区农业水土资源匹配程度较好。2000—2015年间,太行山区中部、横断山区东部、喀斯特山区南部地区的农业水土匹配程度有变好趋势,而太行山区南部、横断山区西南部、喀斯特山区北部地区的农业水土匹配程度有变差趋势。研究时段内,太行山区的水田转旱地情况突出,太行山区也是三大山区中农业水土资源匹配程度最差的,应该关注太行山区的用水压力,重视农田水利设施维护和农田灌溉水有效利用。 相似文献
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