Methane content in coal seam is an essential parameter for the assessment of coalbed gas reserves and is a threat to underground coal mining activities. Compared with the adsorption-isotherm-based indirect method, the direct method by sampling methane-bearing coal seams is apparently more accurate for predicting coalbed methane content. However, the traditional sampling method by using an opened sample tube or collecting drill cuttings with air drilling operation would lead to serious loss of coalbed methane in the sampling process. The pressurized sampling method by employing mechanical-valve-based pressure corer is expected to reduce the loss of coalbed methane, whereas it usually results in failure due to the wear of the mechanical valve. Sampling of methane-bearing coal seams by freezing was proposed in this study, and the coalbed gas desorption characteristics under freezing temperature were studied to verify the feasibility of this method. Results show that low temperature does not only improve the adsorption velocity of the coalbed gas, but also extend the adsorption process and increase the total adsorbed gas. The total adsorbed methane gas increased linearly with decreasing temperature, which was considered to be attributed to the decreased Gibbs free energy and molecular average free path of the coalbed gas molecular caused by low temperature. In contrast, the desorption velocity and total desorbed gas are significantly deceased under lower temperatures. The process of desorption can be divided into three phases. Desorption velocity decreases linearly at the first phase, and then, it shows a slow decreases at the second phase. Finally, the velocity of desorption levels off to a constant value at the third phase. The desorbed coalbed gas shows a parabolic relation to temperature at each phase, and it increases with increasing temperature at the first phase, and then, it poses a declining trend with increasing temperature at the rest phases. The experimental results show that decreasing the system temperature can restrain desorption of coalbed methane effectively, and it is proven to be a feasible way of sampling methane-bearing coal seams.
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Wang Fakai Luo Yongjiang Liang Yunpei Peng Jianming Li Baijun 《Natural Resources Research》2020,29(2):1351-1360
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Daehyun Kim Myong-In Lee Dongmin Kim Siegfried D. Schubert Duane E. Waliser Baijun Tian 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(1-2):517-534
Tropical subseasonal variability of precipitation from five global reanalyses (RAs) is evaluated against Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observations. The RAs include the three generations of global RAs from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), and two other RAs from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC). The analysis includes comparisons of the seasonal means and subseasonal variances of precipitation, and probability densities of rain intensity in selected areas. In addition, the space–time power spectrum was computed to examine the tropical Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs). The modern RAs show significant improvement in their representation of the mean state and subseasonal variability of precipitation when compared to the two older NCEP RAs: patterns of the seasonal mean state and the amplitude of subseasonal variability are more realistic in the modern RAs. However, the probability density of rain intensity in the modern RAs show discrepancies from observations that are similar to what the old RAs have. The modern RAs show higher coherence of CCEWs with observed variability and more realistic eastward propagation of the MJO precipitation. The modern RAs, however, exhibit common systematic deficiencies including: (1) variability of the CCEWs that tends to be either too weak or too strong, (2) limited coherence with observations for waves other than the MJO, and (3) a systematic phase lead or lag for the higher-frequency waves. 相似文献
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Ki-Weon Seo Duane E. Waliser Baijun Tian Baek-Min Kim Seong-Chan Park Steve Cocke Byung-Ju Sohn Masayoshi Ishii 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2012,48(2):153-158
Variations of global evapotranspiration (ET) and fresh water discharge from land to oceans (D) are important components of global climate change, but have not been well monitored. In this study, we present an estimate of twenty years (1989 to 2008) variations of global D and ET derived from satellite remote-sensed measurements and recent reanalysis products, ERA-Interim and CFSR, by using a novel application of the water balance equations separately over land and over oceans. Time series of annual mean global D and ET from both satellite observations and reanalyses show clear positive and negative trends, respectively, as a result of modest increase of oceanic evaporation (E o ). The inter-annual variations of D are similar to the in-situ-based observations, and the negative trend of ET supports the previous result that relative humidity has decreased while temperature has increased on land. The results suggest considerable sensitivity of the terrestrial hydrological cycles (e.g., D and ET) to small changes in precipitation and oceanic evaporation. 相似文献
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王柏钧 《成都信息工程学院学报》1987,(1)
本文提出了一种使尽可能多的因子载荷变为0(或接近于0)的新的因子变换方法。它不同于常用的因子旋转方法。主要步骤是于中的行向量单独考虑,使其有尽可能多的0(或近于0)。从有关地球科学的举例证明,这个方法比一般斜交因子解的方法更符合实际,解释更令人满意。 相似文献
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人口、资源、环境和经济的可持续协调发展是当前热点问题,关系到国家的长治久安。根据1999—2008年最新统计资料,运用主成分分析法,并将灰色关联分析法(GRA)与层次分析法(AHP)集成赋权,构建中国可持续协调发展评价模型,对1999—2008年中国人口、资源、环境和经济可持续协调发展进行综合评价,同时计算了中国各子系统和整个复合系统的综合发展指数,最后对中国复合总系统的协调状况进行了分析.结果表明,1999—2008年中国复合总系统整体上处于良好协调状态,协调度的平均值为0.8045.结论符合中国可持续协调发展的实际. 相似文献
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本文对1960～1979年四川地区48个测站的月降水资料,在稳斜因子分析的基础上,用ARIMA(p,d,q)模型进行随机建模。时间序列分别来源于PROMAX斜旋转解的因子得分。因子得分序列的主周期由周期图和方差分析方法求出,-维ARI-MA(p,d,q)模型识别用Box-Jenkins方法进行。对1980年的月降水量预测结果表明,距平预报的年平均准确率为58.33％。 相似文献
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在应用中(如数值天气预报等),经常需要对时空偏微分方程进行数值求解,通常大多采用有限差分计算或有限元法,虽然它们是应用得最广的数值解法(如差分方法),但也有某些局限和不足,本文提出了一种边界元积分方程法。作为示例,我们对扩散方程的初边值问题进行了基本原理和方法的讨论,其基本思想是通过积分变换,消除对时间的依赖性,再在变换空间中,用边界元法对积分后的方程进行数值处理,最后用数值逆变换以完成该问题的数值求解,本方法可对更为复杂的依赖于时间的方程进行类似处理,它具有不同于传统有限差分法和有限单元法特点的优越性,可供有关工作者解初边值问题试用和参考。 相似文献
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