辛安煤矿1402工作面临空窄煤柱采掘响应及动态加固     

汪北方  梁冰  刘维  张晶  迟海波  刘亚辉 《煤田地质与勘探》2020,48(1):145-153

随着我国煤炭资源去产能整合煤矿的增多，复采工作面临空窄煤柱采动失稳问题日益凸显，已严重制约矿井安全高效生产。为此，针对辛安煤矿复采1402工作面辅运巷道5号钻场临空窄煤柱稳定性控制的工程难题，运用数值模拟与理论分析相结合的方法，探究5号钻场临空窄煤柱稳定性采掘扰动响应特征，提出5号钻场临空窄煤柱动态注浆加固技术方案并开展现场应用和效果检验。研究结果表明:1402工作面辅运巷道掘进对5号钻场临空窄煤柱稳定性影响较小；在1402工作面回采期间，距5号钻场18~6 m范围，临空窄煤柱集中垂直应力由非对称马鞍形分布逐渐过渡为拱形分布；距5号钻场6 m时，临空窄煤柱承载叠加垂直应力超过煤体强度，塑性区完全贯通，极易破坏失稳；现场采用MP364型注浆材料及专用注浆设备对5号钻场临空窄煤柱前后5 m区域进行加固，动态注浆始终超前工作面10 m，通过深孔窥视和气体监测手段验证临空窄煤柱良好的封堵固化效果，保障了工作面安全回采，为我国整合矿井类似条件下煤柱稳定性控制提供借鉴和参考。移动阅读   相似文献   

Archaea,the tree of life,and cellular evolution in eukaryotes     

Jing XIAO  Lu FAN  Dingfeng WU  Yanbing XU  Dengxun LAI  William F.MARTIN  Ruixin ZHU  Chuanlun ZHANG 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,(3)

The early history of life harbours many unresolved evolutionary questions, none more important than the genomic origin and cellular evolution of eukaryotes. An issue central to eukaryote origin concerns the position of eukaryotes in the tree of life and the relationship of the host lineage that acquired the mitochondrion some two billion years ago to lineages of modern-day archaea. Recent analyses indicate that the host lineage branches within the Archaea, prompting the search for novel archaeal lineages that can improve our understanding of the cellular evolution of eukaryotes. Here we give a brief review of the studies on Archaea, the tree of life and the cellular evolution of eukaryotes, which is followed by an overview of recent progress fueled by new genomic technologies and recent status of archaeal research in China. Future directions for the study of early evolution are considered.  相似文献   

岩溶山区崩滑灾害变形破坏地质模式分类     

郭静芸  李守定  李滨  李晓  毕鑫涛  方然可 《中国岩溶》2020,39(4):478-491

岩溶山区特殊的地质结构导致崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害时常发生，带来了严重的人员伤亡和经济社会损失。研究岩溶山区崩滑灾害特征，建立相应的变形破坏地质模式，对于岩溶山区崩滑灾害风险防控与治理工程具有重要理论意义与指导价值。文章以典型地质灾害形成演化过程为例，在系统地分析研究区典型崩滑灾害地质背景、影响因素、动力学与运动学特征的基础上，提出了岩溶山区崩滑灾害变形破坏地质模式，得出以下主要结论:（1）影响崩滑成灾基本因素（崩滑灾害体势能、岩溶结构面、岩组结构、斜坡地貌和斜坡结构）、影响因素（水文地质条件、工程活动、地震、降雨）和变形运动特征（运动形式和变形机制）三个方面，据此建立了岩溶山区崩滑灾害地质分类指标体系。（2）结合研究区特征对模型体系里面的每个要素进行系统分析，崩滑灾害的发生是各个要素相互组合、相互作用的结果。（3）总结了研究区内5种典型崩滑地质模式:高势能反倾降雨型高速远程滑坡—碎屑流模型、高势能斜倾视向采矿型高速远程崩滑灾害模型、超高势能横向陡倾地震型高速远程滑坡、高势能采矿型高速崩塌—碎屑流模型、低势能差异风化崩塌模型。为后续开展物理模拟、数值模拟、稳定性计算和变形破坏预测等工作奠定基础。下一步将更加深入全面地建立研究区的崩滑灾害模式，并进行崩滑灾害的危险性分级工作。   相似文献   

基于GIS的盐城国家级自然保护区生态安全评价（英文）     

李海萍  高戈  李菁 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(1):38-49

本研究利用遥感和GIS技术,分析盐城自然保护区1983–2018年的景观格局变化,建立了基于区域自然-社会-经济复合生态系统安全格局的评价指标体系,分析了生态安全变化的空间特征和成因。结果表明,1983–2018年由于人类活动加剧,研究区内景观格局变化强烈,从以自然景观为主发展到自然景观与人工景观并存。在整体生态安全方面,目前保护区的生态安全状况不容乐观,从保护区丹顶鹤的生存状态看,保护区总体上还是适宜丹顶鹤栖息的,但由于人类活动的增加以及政策的调整,丹顶鹤的栖息地呈现破碎化并向核心区和缓冲区等局部区域聚集。我们应从管理、政策制定以及当地居民的环境保护意识上增加宣传和投入,并相应减少保护区内人类活动的强度。  相似文献   

南海北部陆坡西部海域“海马”冷泉甲烷渗漏及其海底表征     

赵静  梁前勇  尉建功  陶军  杨胜雄  梁金强  陆敬安  王建军  方允鑫  龚跃华  何雪宝 《地球化学》2020,(1):108-118

2015年3月"海马"号遥控无人潜水器(ROV)在南海北部陆坡西部海域首次发现活动冷泉,并命名为"海马"冷泉,此后中国地质调查局广州海洋地质调查局先后组织了3个航次,对"海马"冷泉开展进一步勘查和研究。本次研究在综合分析4个航次调查数据的基础上,初步阐述"海马"冷泉的分布范围、地形地貌、生物群落、自生碳酸盐岩和流体活动等特征。总体而言,"海马"冷泉区地势平缓,气体渗漏现象非常发育,是以CH4为主要气体渗漏形成的活动冷泉区,且气体渗漏活动具有时空迁移性。气体碳同位素组成表明,海马冷泉区的CH4为混合成因气,且以微生物成因为主;"海马"冷泉区发育有多种类型的化能自养冷泉生物群落,冷泉区种类丰富,目前已报道了多个冷泉生物新种。这些发现为研究南海北部陆坡西部海域天然气水合物分解及其环境效应、冷泉生物生命起源与演化和南海与印度洋及太平洋物种迁移贯通等科学问题提供重要依据。  相似文献   

Mantle transition zone structure beneath the Central Asian Orogenic Belt     

Jing HE  Qingju WU 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(4):548-560

Over the past decades, there have been hot debates in the geodynamic community regarding to the deep evolution mechanisms of Cenozoic volcanism in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB). Of all the constraints available, high resolution structure of upper mantle discontinuities, especially the discontinuities at depths of 410 km(D410) and 660 km(D660), is of the most important, which may provide reliable clues on the magma channel as well as its evolution. In this work, we adopt the common conversion point stacking technique with teleseismic radial P-wave receiver functions to examine the D410 and D660 discontinuities. The primary results exhibit that the major characteristics of the mantle transition zone(MTZ) obtained by different velocity models are largely consistent. Obviously elevated D410 and slightly depressed D660 are observed beneath the Hannuoba Volcano, suggesting possible delamination of the local lithosphere deposited at the D410. This process may induce upwelling of the asthenospheric materials filling the space left by the delaminated lithosphere, and subsequently trigger volcanic eruptions. Strong depressions are observed at both D410 and D660 depths beneath west of the Dariganga Volcano, and the depression of D660 is more pronounced. It leads to the apparently thickened MTZ, indicating the presence of cold material at the D660. This cold material is speculated as a stagnant slab from the subducted Pacific Plate or the remains of a detached island arc system from the collision and formation of the CAOB. Slightly thinner MTZ is found beneath the Hentey Mountains and the Middle Gobi Volcano. Apparently, this thinner MTZ is not significant enough to support the existence of high thermal anomalies,which may rule out the possibility of large-scale hot material upwelling from either the local MTZ or even the lower mantle.  相似文献   

Spatial variation of the relationship between transport accessibility and the level of economic development in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China     

YANG Xue-ting  QIU Xiao-ping  FANG Yi-ping  XU Yun  ZHU Fu-biao 《山地科学学报》2019,(8)

As an important component of China' transportation systems, for a long time, the insufficient performance of transport in QinghaiTibet Plateau(QTP) was a bottleneck restricting the economic growth and social development in this area. Nevertheless, the implementation of the western development strategy has accelerated the preliminary construction of comprehensive transport network since 2000. Due to the large area and significant geographical heterogeneity, there is a growing need to understand the relationship between transportation and economic development based on the perspective of spatial difference. By using GIS-based raster analysis and Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR) model, we investigated the spatial-temporal distribution of highway, railway and airport accessibility, respectively, and estimated the correlation and heterogeneity between transport accessibility and the level of economic development. Results revealed that:(1) Transport accessibility in the QTP improved by 53.38% in the past 15 years, which is specifically embodied in the improvement of both highway and railway.(2) Accessibility presented prominent differentiation in the space, increasing from west to east and reducing with the rise of elevation, specifically, the best accessibility area of the highway is below 4000 m above sea level, while the area with an altitude of over 4000 m has the lowest aviation time cost.(3) In general, the long weighted average time cost to critical transport facilities posed significantly negative effect on county economic growth in QTP, more positively, the adverse effect gradually weakened over time.(4) Obvious heterogeneity exists at the influence of different transport accessibility factors on the level of economic development, reflecting both in the horizontal space and altitudinal belt. Therefore, region-specific policies should be addressed for the sustainable development of transport facilities as well as economy in the west mountain areas.  相似文献   

碳化对加填料氯氧镁胶凝材料力学性能的影响          下载免费PDF全文

曼阳阳  肖学英  董金美  李颖  文静  常成功  郑卫新  黄青 《盐湖研究》2019,27(4):42-48

以添加不同掺量填料的氯氧镁水泥(MOC)试件为基体,在空气和碳化箱中分别养护至规定龄期,研究碳化对掺加填料MOC力学性能的影响,并与空气环境进行对比,运用XRD和SEM分析碳化后水化产物和微观结构的变化规律。结果表明,28 d龄期内,随着填料掺量的增加MOC试件碳化后的抗折强度均有所增加,碳化后的抗压强度均有提升,碳化过程反应生成了MgCO_3,不同碳化龄期的主要物相均为5Mg(OH)_2·MgCl_2·8H_2O(5相),而掺加填料不影响MOC的水化产物的组成。  相似文献   

基于U形卷积神经网络的震相识别与到时拾取方法研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

赵明  陈石  房立华  David A Yuen 《地球物理学报》2019,62(8):3034-3042

精确获取震相到时是地震定位和地震走时成像等研究的重要基础.近年来，随着地震台站的不断加密，地震台网监测到的地震数量成倍增长，发展快速、准确、适用性强的震相到时自动拾取算法是地震行业的迫切需求.本文在前人工作基础上，发展了Pg、Sg震相自动识别与到时拾取的U网络算法（Unet_cea），使用汶川余震和首都圈地震台网记录的89344个不同震级、不同信噪比的样本进行训练和测试.研究表明，U网络能够较好地识别Pg、Sg震相类型和拾取到时，Pg、Sg震相的正确识别率分别为81%和79.1%，与人工标注到时的均方根误差分别为0.41 s和0.54 s.U网络在命中率、均方根误差等性能指标上均明显优于STA/LTA和峰度分析自动拾取方法.研究获得的最优模型可以为区域地震台网的自动处理提供辅助.  相似文献   

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床磁黄铁矿标型矿物学特征及其地质意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨阳  唐菊兴  吴纯能  林彬  唐攀  张泽斌  何亮  祁婧  李怡萱 《矿床地质》2020,39(2):337-350

甲玛矿床位于冈底斯成矿带东段,是西藏地区最大的铜多金属矿床之一。磁黄铁矿是甲玛矿床最常见的金属矿物之一,其标型特征不仅反映其自身形成环境,对其形成机制和矿床成因也具有指示意义。文章选取产于不同岩性中的磁黄铁矿矿石样品,利用矿相学、X射线衍射和电子探针分析等手段对磁黄铁矿的形态、成分和结构进行了分析研究。研究表明,甲玛矿床的磁黄铁矿主要分布在距离岩体中心较远的矿区远端矽卡岩和角岩中。磁黄铁矿的晶胞参数和粉晶X射线衍射曲线显示矽卡岩中的磁黄铁矿主要为高温六方磁黄铁矿,角岩中的磁黄铁矿为高温六方磁黄铁矿和低温单斜磁黄铁矿的交生体,但主要以低温单斜磁黄铁矿为主。通过对矽卡岩和角岩中的磁黄铁矿进行电子探针测试,结果显示:矽卡岩中的磁黄铁矿中w(Fe)为60.09%～60.71%,平均为60.38%,w(S)为38.18%～38.69%,平均38.35%,化学分子式为Fe_8S_9～Fe_(10)S_(11);角岩中的磁黄铁矿中w(Fe)为59.05%～59.57%,平均为59.10%,w(S)为39.28%～39.95%,平均39.59%,化学分子式为Fe_5S_6～Fe_7S_8。根据以上矿物学特征,笔者进一步探讨了该矿床磁黄铁矿的沉淀机制:炽热的岩浆热液上涌,与碳酸盐岩地层和碎屑岩地层接触发生相互作用,并有大气水的加入,使得成矿流体在角岩中先快速降温,形成高温六方磁黄铁矿和低温单斜磁黄铁矿的交生体。同时,大量的含矿热液形成,并充填于有利的成矿空间(主要为层间破碎带)沉淀成矿,形成矽卡岩矿体,然后流体在矽卡岩矿段中经历缓慢降温,形成高温六方磁黄铁矿。结合矿床地质特征和相关元素地球化学特征,认为甲玛矿床类型为斑岩-矽卡岩型。  相似文献