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Palaeohydraulic estimates have been made using time-tested standard empirical formula involving channel dimensions, especially channel depth, in four Indian Proterozoic fluvial formations. These are the Mesoproterozoic Ramdurg, younger Mesoproterozoic Muchkundi and Neoproterozoic Cave Temple Arenite in Karnataka, and Upper Rewa Sandstone in central India. The basic data came from direct measurement of decompacted thicknesses of completely preserved channel-fills or bedforms, and more commonly of cross-sets. The result, in combination with data derived by others in a similar way from a few other Precambrian fluvial formations helps to provide a new insight into the palaeohydraulics of Precambrian rivers.River gradients appear to have been steeper during the Precambrian; the possibly continuous range of variation in river gradients from alluvial fans to the plains, as a whole shifted to higher values during the Precambrian epoch. The likely reason is a greater possibility of sediment bypassing on vegetation-free land. Concomitant downstream increase in discharge was enhanced in Precambrian rivers due to lack of withdrawal of groundwater through biogenic activity. Precambrian rivers were commonly ephemeral, but downstream the ephemerality index was reduced and some rivers might have been perennial where they debouched into standing bodies of water. The Precambrian river deposits studied generally had smaller width and depth with respect to Phanerozoic and modern rivers, possibly due to unstable substratum causing surface run-off tended to be impelled along multiple independent minor channels. 相似文献
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利用南海海盆及周边最新的重力,经过海底地形、沉积层的重力效应改正,并采用岩石圈减薄模型的温度场公式,校正了从张裂边缘到扩张海盆的热扰动重力效应.通过研究区的地震剖面和少量声呐数据得到的莫霍面深度点作为约束,采用基于"起伏界面初始模型"的深度修正量反演迭代公式,反演、计算了研究区的莫霍面深度及地壳厚度.结果表明,海盆区莫霍面深度在8~14 km之间,地壳厚度在3~9 km之间;东部海盆和西南海盆残留扩张中心沿NNE向展布向西南延伸至112°E,莫霍面深度超过12 km,地壳厚度在6 km以上,而西北海盆没有明显的增厚扩张中心;在西南海盆北缘的中沙地块南侧,存在一个近EW向地壳减薄带,地壳厚度在9~10 km;莫霍面深度14 km的等深线和地壳厚度9 km的等值线可指示洋陆边界位置. 相似文献
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