Steady-state drift-dominated modulation models for galactic cosmic rays     

R. A. Burger  M. Hattingh 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1995,230(1-2):375-382

A number of steady-state drift-dominated modulation models has been developed by the Potchefstroom modulation group. In this review a selection of these models is discussed and briefly compared. A short overview of the relevant drift theory incorporated into the models is also given.  相似文献   

Numerical and experimental study on hydrodynamic interaction of side-by-side moored multiple vessels   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

S.Y. Hong  J.H. Kim  S.K. Cho  Y.R. Choi  Y.S. Kim 《Ocean Engineering》2005,32(7):783-801

This paper aims to investigate the basic interaction characteristics of side-by-side moored vessels both numerically and experimentally. A higher-order boundary element method (HOBEM) combined with generalized mode approach is applied to analysis of motion and drift force of side-by-side moored multiple vessels (LNG FPSO, LNGC and shuttle tankers). Model tests were carried out for the same floating bodies investigated in the numerical study in regular and irregular waves. Global and local motion responses and drift forces of three vessels are compared with those of calculations. Discussions is highlighted on applicability of numerical method to prediction of sophisticated multi-body interaction problem of which motion behavior is very important to analysis of mooring dynamics of deep sea floating bodies.  相似文献   

Experimental studies on the slowly varying drift motion of a berthed container ship model     

S.K. Lee  H. Choi  S. Surendran 《Ocean Engineering》2006,33(17-18):2454-2465

The effects of free-surface waves on the floating structures are of great importance in the offshore industry. Among the six degrees of motions of a surface ship the absence of restoring forces in surge, sway and yaw led to critical situations for moored ships in the recent times. The order of forces in horizontal plane and their exciting frequencies are matters of interest. The resonance with the presence of moored chains led to many accidents in the recent past. The lines in dry conditions may not give good damping and in wet condition they may trigger the system to chaotic motions and jumps. Two different loading conditions of a container ship model are tested with waves in laboratory conditions in two different drafts. The mooring lines are chosen as per scale law and the energy under the response spectrum is determined from the plots. The results give new insights into the movement of a berthed ships subjected to waves. Response of the moored ship to different loading conditions in different water depths are discussed in this paper. The paper gives the order of energy due to first-order and slowly varying movement of a berthed container model in a towing tank.  相似文献   

Uncertainty in predictions of oil spill trajectories in open sea     

P. Sebastio  C. Guedes Soares 《Ocean Engineering》2007,34(3-4):576-584

A method is introduced to calculate and to account for the uncertainties in the predictions of oil spill trajectories using a classic oil spill model. The method considers the output of the oil spill model as a function of random variables, which are the input parameters, and calculates the standard deviation of the output results which gives a measure of the uncertainty of the model given the uncertainties of the input parameters.Instead of a single trajectory that is calculated by the oil spill model using the mean values of the parameters, a band of trajectories can be defined when various simulations are done taking into account the uncertainties of the input parameters. This band of trajectories defines envelopes of the trajectories that are likely to be followed by the spill given the uncertainties of the input.The method is applied to an oil spill that occurred in open sea near Madeira Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean, in December 1989. The simulations allow the understanding of how a change in the wind direction drove the spill towards the Islands.The envelope of likely trajectories that is obtained with the uncertainty modelling shows a band of trajectories that is in better agreement with the observations than the single trajectory simulated by the oil spill model, based on mean parameters.  相似文献   

南极中山站数字式电离层测高仪的初步观测结果   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

刘瑞源  钱嵩林 《地球物理学进展》1997,12(4):109-118

本文介绍数字式电离层测高仪ＤＰＳ－４的原理和特点，在中山站的安装和调试，从扫频电离图所得到的初步结果表明，中山站冬季电离层Ｆ层存在明显的磁中午现象，而电离层Ｅｓ层与极光粒子沉降有很大关系；漂移测量的结果表明，电离层漂移主要是水平方向的运动，并且具有大体一致的日变化模式，显示出在极区存在逆阳对流。  相似文献   

用数字测高仪漂移测量研究电离层声重波扰动   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

万卫星  张兆明 《地球物理学报》1993,36(5):561-569

数字测高仪Digisonde中的漂移测量,常用来研究小尺度电离层扰动,如电离层小不均匀体的漂移。文中提出一种新的分析方法,利用漂移测量数据中多普勒频移和到达角参量的最大熵动态功率谱,估算声重波一类大尺度电离层扰动的水平传播速度和传播方向。作为实例,研究了Millstone Hill测高仪站的漂移观测资料,并对处理结果进行了初步分析。分析结果表明,从数字测高仪漂移测量数据中,可有效地提取声重波一类大尺度电离层扰动的传播参量,在电离层动力过程的研究中很有意义。  相似文献   

Wind ripples in an active drift sand area in the Netherlands: A preliminary report     

Freddy Brugmans 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1983,8(6):527-534

Two types of wind ripples are distinguished in an active drift sand area near Hulshorst in The Veluwe (Central Netherlands). The common type has amplitudes of about 0·5 cm and wavelengths of some 11 cm, the atypical ripple has amplitudes of about 1 cm and wavelengths of some 16 cm. In both cases, the sand grains in the crests are coarser than those in the troughs. However, the coarseness of the grains in the crests of the higher ripples is much more pronounced than that of the lower. It is tentatively suggested that wind ripples are initiated by a regular downwind alternation in the impact energy of the descending grains in saltation, possibly due to fixed gravity waves in the sheared flows of air with grains which have strong density gradients with height.  相似文献   

The drift model of “magnetars”     

I. F. Malov  G. Z. Machabeli 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,308(1-4):467-469

It is shown that the drift waves near the light cylinder can cause the modulation of emission with periods of order several seconds. These periods explain the intervals between successive pulses observed in AXPs, SGRs and radio pulsars with long periods. The model under consideration gives the possibility to calculate real rotation periods P of host neutron stars. It is shown that P≤1 s for the investigated objects. The magnetic fields at the surface of the neutron star are of order 10¹¹–10¹³ G and equal to the fields usual for the known radio pulsars.   相似文献   

IMPACT OF SSTA OF SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE ON FLOOD SEASON PRECIPITATION ANOMALIES IN YUNNAN     

杨竹云  杨素雨  严华生  张瑾文 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2015,21(3):255-264

Based on the reanalysis data of monthly mean global SST and wind from the NCEP/NCAR and the observation data of rain seasons in 124 stations of Yunnan province from 1961 to 2006, we applied the analytical methods of correlation analysis and composite analysis and a significance testing method to two sets of samples of average differences. The goal is to investigate into the influence of the Southern Hemispheric (SH) SST on the summer precipitation in Yunnan from January to May so as to identify the key time and marine regions. Physical mechanisms are obtained by analyzing the influence of sea level wind and the key marine regions on the precipitation during Yunnan’s rain season. Results show that there is indeed significant relationship between the SST in SH and summer precipitation in Yunnan. The key areas for influencing the summer precipitation are mainly distributed in a region called “West Wind Drift” in the SH, including the Southeast Indian, southern Australia, west coast of eastern Pacific off Chile, Peru and the southwest Atlantic Magellan. Besides, the most significant marine region is the west coast of Chile and Peru (cold-current areas of the eastern Pacific). Diagnostic analysis results also showed that monsoons in the Bay of Bengal, a cross-equatorial flow in the Indian Ocean near the equator and southwest monsoon in India weaken during the warm phase of the Peruvian cold current in the eastern Pacific. Otherwise, they strengthen.  相似文献   

羌塘地块中生代时期的漂移演化及其成钾条件   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

任海东  颜茂都  陈毅  张大文  栗兵帅 《地质学报》2015,89(11):2005-2018

通过研究地块的古纬度,可以为我们认识该地块在地质历史时期的古地理位置和南北向漂移演化提供定量约束。本文通过收集、整理、评判中生代时期羌塘地块已发表的古地磁数据,建立了该地块在中生代时期的漂移演化历史。羌塘地块在中—晚三叠世期间,可能发生大规模快速北向漂移,并与羌塘北部的构造单元体发生碰撞;中侏罗世时期位于北半球21.4°N,晚侏罗世期间已北向到达31.8°N。中晚侏罗纪期间,羌塘地块古纬度值逐步升高,发生约1154±223km(△λ=10.4°±2.1°)的北向漂移。白垩世期间羌塘地块相对稳定,在古纬度30°N左右。综合上述羌塘地块的漂移演化历史,结合其它地质证据,如古气候、构造和从古地理位置等,中晚侏罗世夏里组时期羌塘地块具备较好的成钾条件。  相似文献