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The dose-response relationship between No. 2 fuel oil and the growth of the salt marsh grass,Spartina alterniflora 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effect of No. 2 fuel oil on the biomass production of the salt marsh plant, Spartina alterniflora, was studied in a greenhouse dose-response experiment. S. alterniflora were transplanted into soil with 10 dosage levels of No. 2 fuel oil ranging from 0 to 456 mg g(-1) dry soil. Three months after transplantation, values for plant biomass, stem density, and shoot height decreased significantly with increasing fuel oil level in a dose-response fashion. Evapo-transpiration rates were correlated with the total biomass response. Relative to the control, a significant decrease in total (above- plus below-ground) plant biomass was observed at concentrations above 57 mg g(-1) dry soil. Within the 3-month experimental period, detrimental effects on below-ground biomass accumulation and bioluminescence of the marine bacterium Viberio fisheri in the Microtox Solid Phase Test were observed at oil concentrations >29 mg g(-1) dry soil, suggesting that biological effects of oil within the sediment matrix may be more pronounced than on above-ground biomass, requiring a dosage 228 mg g(-1) dry soil to elicit a significant detrimental effect. Hence, measurements of oil effects with biological end-points based solely on above-ground responses may underestimate the potential impacts of petroleum hydrocarbon spills, especially when the oil has penetrated the soil. While S. alterniflora was proved to be relatively tolerant to the No. 2 fuel oil spills, its effectiveness in phytoremediation operations may be limited at fuel oil levels 228 mg g(-1) dry soil, as both plant growth and microbial activity may be constrained. 相似文献
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Potential Impact of Production Chemicals on the Toxicity of Produced Water Discharges from North Sea Oil Platforms 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
S.B. Henderson S.J.W. Grigson P. Johnson B.D. Roddie 《Marine pollution bulletin》1999,38(12):1229-1151
Production chemicals are used on offshore oil production platforms to prevent corrosion and scale formation, and to assist oil–water separation. A proportion of these chemicals may enter the marine environment via the produced water discharge. This study investigated the potential impact of 11 oilfield production chemicals on the toxicity of the produced water discharge. The Microtox® system was used for toxicity assessment of the chemicals, both directly in aqueous preparations and following their partitioning between oil (crude and low toxicity mineral base oil) and North Sea brine. For the majority of the chemicals tested, the toxicity of the aqueous phase to the test organism following partitioning against crude oil, was not significantly altered by the presence of process chemicals when used in their normal field dosage concentrations. However, there was evidence that certain chemicals could increase the partitioning of oil components into the aqueous phase by an order of magnitude, when applied at high dosage concentrations. 相似文献
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Gyung Soo Park Sang Hee Lee Soung Yun Park Seong Jin Yoon Seung Min Lee Chang Soo Chung Gi -Hoon Hong Suk Hyun Kim 《Ocean Science Journal》2005,40(2):91-100
Bioassay using the marine bacteria,Vibrio fischeri and rotifer,Brachionus plicatilis, and chemical analyses were conducted to assess the toxicity of the various sewage sludges, one of the major ocean dumped materials in the Yellow Sea of Korea. Sludge elutriates extracted by filtered seawater were used to estimate the ecotoxicity of the sludge. Chemical characterization included the analyses of organic contents, heavy metals, and persistent organic pollutants in sludge. Bacterial bioluminescent inhibition (15 min), rotifer mortality (24 hr) and rotifer population growth inhibition (48 hr) assay were conducted to estimate the sludge toxicity. EC50 15 min (inhibition concentration of bioluminescence after 15 minutes exposed) values by Microtox® bioassay clearly revealed different toxicity levels depending on the sludge sources. Highest toxicity for the bacteria was found with the sludge extract from dyeing waste and followed by industrial waste, livestock waste, and leather processing waste. Clear toxic effects on the bacteria were not found in the sludge extract from filtration bed sludge and rural sewage sludge. Consistent with Microtox® results, rotifer neonate mortality and population growth inhibition test also showed highest toxicity in dyeing waste and low in filtration bed and rural sewage sludge. High concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals were measured in the samples from the industrial wastes, leather processing plant waste sludge, and urban sewage sludge. However, there was no significant correlation between pollutant concentration levels and the toxicity values of the sludge. This suggests that the ecotoxicity in addition to the chemical analyses of various sludge samples must be estimated before release of potential harmful waste in the natural environment as part of an ecological risk assessment. 相似文献
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应用CNDO/2量子化学方法计算了12个氯苯类化合物(包括苯分子)的电子结构,并结合相关分析和逐步回归分析方法,探讨了氯苯类化合物电子结构与其对花鳉鱼(Guppy)和发光细菌(MicrotoX)半致死量负对数(DLC50、EC50)之间的定量关系,分别获得氯苯化合物最低空轨道(LUMO)与最高占据轨道(HOMO)的能量差(DELH)与DLC50和EC50之间的线性方程(相关系数分别为0.969和0.937)。结果表明:DELH值越小,即化合物接受电子的能力越强,则氯苯化合物对Guppy和Microtox的毒性就越大,据此可预测氯苯化合物的毒性。 相似文献
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MICROTOX法在监测生物毒性中的应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
本文用ＭＩＣＲＯＴＯＸ法测定了甲胺磷、乐果、甲基异柳磷等三种有机磷农药的生物毒性,分析了厦门近岸海域水体生物毒性及甲胺磷降解过程中的毒性变化。测定结果表明：１）甲基异柳磷对发光细菌相对发光度的抑制作用最强,乐果对发光细菌的抑制的作用最弱;２）黄厝海滩与胡里册海滩终年各月份水样发光细菌的相对发光度都在８０％以上,属于低毒或无毒水平;３）甲胺磷在降解过程中毒性逐渐减小,其毒性下降幅度为：降解菌株１〉降 相似文献
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