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1.
为分析青岛胶州湾及其邻近河流中的壬基酚（NP）及其短链氧乙烯醚母体化合物、壬基酚单氧乙烯醚（NP1EO）和壬基酚二氧乙烯醚（NP2EO）的污染状况和分布特征，在研究区域内设置了17个站位分别采集了海水和沉积物样品，样品经萃取、浓缩、净化后采用气质联用仪测定各污染物的浓度。胶州湾水体中的NP、NP1EO和NP2EO的浓度分别为20．2-268．7、11．2-200．4和4．8-32．5ng／L。胶州湾沉积物中上述3种污染物的浓度分别为3．6-299．3、3．8-25．2和4．9-103．2ng／g。胶州湾邻近河流中的污染物浓度远远高于湾内，其中墨水河的污染最严重，水体和沉积物中NP的浓度分别达到28656ng／L和31704ng／g。与世界其他海湾NP等污染物的浓度相比，胶州湾属于严重污染地区之一，已经超出了其生物效应临界浓度。研究区域内50％的站位中NP浓度已经超过导致扇贝苗死亡的临界浓度，10％的站位已经超过引起雄性鱼类雌性化的临界浓度。 相似文献
2.
Nice HE 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(12):661-1674
Nonylphenol, a widespread aquatic pollutant with endocrine-disrupting potential has been found to affect sperm motility in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg). This marine invertebrate, a global aquaculture species, was exposed to nonylphenol at concentrations of 1 and 100 μg l−1 for a duration of 72 h during the period of gametogenesis. Growth was monitored at regular intervals until sexual maturity when sperm motility was assessed. The growth rate of C. gigas remained unaffected by exposure to nonylphenol during gametogenesis. However, the number of individuals with motile sperm was significantly reduced. 相似文献
3.
The effects of nonylphenol (NP) on functional responses of haemocytes of the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri were evaluated. Haemocytes were exposed to 0.1, 1 and 10 μM NP and the effects on haemocyte viability, adhesion, morphology, lysosomal membrane stability, phagocytic activity and early apoptosis were evaluated. Haemocyte viability and adhesion were not affected by NP. Phagocytic activity and the amoebocytic index decreased significantly at all the concentrations tested, while exposure of haemocytes to 1 and 10 μM NP caused a significant increase in the diffusion of Neutral Red into the cytosol. The percentage of cells positive to Annexin-V (indicative of early apoptosis) increased significantly at 1 and 10 μM NP. Results obtained suggested a relationship between NP and alterations in functional responses of haemocytes in B. schlosseri. Biomarkers measured resulted sensitive, rapid and reproducible, even if their responsiveness will be evaluated after in vivo exposure of animals to NP. 相似文献
4.
Organic micropollutants in marine plastics debris from the open ocean and remote and urban beaches 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Hirai H Takada H Ogata Y Yamashita R Mizukawa K Saha M Kwan C Moore C Gray H Laursen D Zettler ER Farrington JW Reddy CM Peacock EE Ward MW 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(8):1683-1692
To understand the spatial variation in concentrations and compositions of organic micropollutants in marine plastic debris and their sources, we analyzed plastic fragments (∼10 mm) from the open ocean and from remote and urban beaches. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), alkylphenols and bisphenol A were detected in the fragments at concentrations from 1 to 10,000 ng/g. Concentrations showed large piece-to-piece variability. Hydrophobic organic compounds such as PCBs and PAHs were sorbed from seawater to the plastic fragments. PCBs are most probably derived from legacy pollution. PAHs showed a petrogenic signature, suggesting the sorption of PAHs from oil slicks. Nonylphenol, bisphenol A, and PBDEs came mainly from additives and were detected at high concentrations in some fragments both from remote and urban beaches and the open ocean. 相似文献
5.
Inhibition of P-glycoprotein transport: a mechanism for endocrine disruption in the channel catfish?
P-glycoprotein (pgp), an efflux transporter localized in a variety of tissues including the intestinal mucosa, renal tubules and bile canaliculi, is known to participate in the disposition of a variety of chemicals, including steroid hormones. This study examined the relationship of pgp to the movement into the bile of the hormone estradiol (E2), and the potential for transport interactions between the environmental pollutant nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) and E2. Biliary-cannulated in situ-prepared isolated perfused livers were used to assess pgp transport function. E2, in competitive transport preparations with Rhodamine 123 (Rho123), a pgp substrate, demonstrated significant decreases in Rho123 transport into bile, as did the prototypic inhibitor and substrate verapamil. [3H]E2 (0.28 nM) transport into bile was significantly reduced with either 20 M NPE or verapamil. These results suggest that E2 is a substrate and/or modulator for the catfish biliary pgp transporter, and that NPE potentially influences biliary transport and excretion of E2. 相似文献
6.
Kurihara R Watanabe E Ueda Y Kakuno A Fujii K Shiraishi F Hashimoto S 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(9):1315-1320
Estrogenic activity was determined in sediments collected from Tokyo Bay. Sampling was performed at five stations including the site near the sewage treatment plant. The most estrogenic sediment collected near the sewage treatment plant was fractionated into ten fractions using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Chemical analysis was carried out for each fraction and nonylphenol (NP, 20,700 ng g−1 dry wt) was detected at a higher concentration than estron (2.39 ng g−1 dry wt) and 17β-estradiol (<0.7 ng g−1 dry wt). Furthermore, each fraction was administered to male mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus), and vitellogenin (Vtg) was measured after two weeks. The induction of Vtg was observed; this estrogenic potency could be attributed to the NP content in this fraction. This is the first report to suggest that the high NP concentration in the sediments from Tokyo Bay has the potential to induce Vtg in wild fish. 相似文献
7.
The biodegradation behavior of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs) in estuary sediment of Yangtze River, China, was investigated.
NPEOs were readily degraded in the estuary sediment under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The highest biodegradation
rate constants for the aerobic biodegradation and anaerobic biodegradation were 0.333 and 0.194 day−1, respectively. Anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs in estuary sediment was enhanced under sulfate-reducing or nitrate-reducing
conditions. The biodegradation constants increased by 23.4 and 56.7% in sulfate-adding treatment and nitrate-adding treatment,
respectively. NPEOs were biodegraded through the terminal oxidative pathway in estuary sediment under aerobic conditions while
these compounds were biodegraded through the non-oxidative pathway under anaerobic conditions. Estrogenic intermediates were
formed during NPEO biodegradation under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Both treatments reached their highest estrogenicities
on day 21. Short-chain nonylphenol ethoxycarboxylates (NPECs), which were feasibly mobile, were only formed under aerobic
conditions. 相似文献
8.
Francesco Ricciardi Valerio Matozzo Maria Gabriella Marin 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):365
Since it is often difficult to estimate possible adverse effects due to contamination in selected ecosystems, multi-species biomonitoring may provide more information, taking into account different routes of exposure, ecological roles and metabolic capabilities of animals. In this context, we exposed for 7 days the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the crab Carcinus aestuarii to 4-nonylphenol (NP), a well-known xenoestrogen. In mussels (0–0.2 mg NP l−1), we measured NP bioaccumulation in soft tissues and vitellogenin (Vg)-like protein levels in digestive glands from both males and females by the alkali-labile phosphate assay (ALP). As no reference data were available for crab exposure, the NP 96-h LC50 value was previously determined. Then, in sublethally exposed (0–1.0 mg NP l−1) male crabs, NP bioaccumulation and Vg levels were measured in hemolymph, gonads and digestive gland. Bioaccumulation of NP increased from 43 to 371 μg g−1 d.w. in mussels, and from 3.6 to 37 μg g−1 d.w. in crabs, depending on the NP concentration in water. Dose-dependent Vg-like protein induction was observed in both species, appearing to be related to NP bioaccumulation, although a partial decrease was recorded at the highest concentration tested. A similar trend was observed in both digestive gland and gonad of exposed crabs; Vg increased to a lesser extent, although significantly, in hemolymph. Results demonstrated that NP induces Vg synthesis both in male and female mussels, as well as in male crabs. On the basis of the responsiveness of both species investigated, a multi-species approach is indicated in biomonitoring programmes. 相似文献
9.
Ubiquity of Endocrine Disruptors Nonylphenol and Its Mono‐ and Di‐Ethoxylates in Freshwater,Sediments, and Biosolids Associated with High and Low Density Populations of Buenos Aires,Argentina 
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The primary degradation of a technical nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactant with an average chain length of 10 ethoxylate units (NPEO‐10) was studied in a flow‐through system by means of miniaturized biofilm reactors (mBFR) with bacteria from an activated sludge plant. 5 mg/L of the test compound (total EO concentration) were spiked in synthetic wastewater (SWW) and fed to the reactors continuously for 64 days. Compound removal and the formation of degradation products (DP) were monitored under both oxic and anoxic conditions. Solid‐phase extraction and RP‐HPLC with fluorescence detection were employed for sample preparation and analysis. Better removal of the parent compound was seen with the oxic reactors (50 to 70%) than with the anoxic reactors (30 to 50%). Compared to SWW organic matter, the test compound proved to be of refractory nature. The appearance of degradation products in the effluent was earlier with anoxic reactors despite their lower elimination efficiency. After extraction of biomass only minor amounts of NPEO‐10 and metabolites were found, indicating that small amounts were present in adsorbed or intracellular form. Ultimate biodegradation of NPEO‐10 and of octylphenol ethoxylates (OPEO‐9.5; average chain length of 9.5 EO units) was tested by means of manometric respirometry at a theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) of 100 mg/L. Whereas NPEO‐10 was biodegraded by only 26%, at best, in 28 days, OPEO‐9.5 degradation amounted to (40 ± 5)%. 相似文献