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Hernando Tavera Isabel Bernal Fleur O. Strasser Maria C. Arango-Gaviria John E. Alarcón Julian J. Bommer 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2009,7(1):71-111
A Mw 7.9 earthquake event occurred on 15 August 2007 off the coast of central Peru, 60 km west of the city of Pisco. This event
is associated with subduction processes at the interface of the Nazca and South American plates, and was characterised by
a complex source mechanism involving rupture on two main asperities, with unilateral rupture propagation to the southeast.
The rupture process is clearly reflected in the ground motions recorded during this event, which include two separate episodes
of strong shaking. The event triggered 18 accelerographic stations; the recordings are examined in terms of their characteristics
and compared to the predictions of ground-motion prediction equations for subduction environments, using the maximum-likelihood-based
method of Scherbaum et al. (Bull Seismol Soc Am 94(6):2164–2185, 2004). Additionally, macroseismic observations and damage
patterns are examined and discussed in the light of local construction practices, drawing on field observations gathered during
the post-earthquake reconnaissance missions. 相似文献
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A field reconnaissance mission was led to the areas affected by the disaster caused by the Magnitude 7.9 earthquake event
of 15/08/2007 near the city of Pisco in Peru. The main objectives of the mission were to collect data and make observations
leading to improvements in design methods and techniques for strengthening and retrofit, and to assist the phase of reconstruction.
The mission focused on the behaviour of non-engineered structures, in particular those of adobe constructions. The findings
of the mission confirmed that most of the damage was observed on adobe houses constructed with traditional non anti-seismic
techniques which either collapsed or nearly collapsed, causing 519 deaths, 1,366 injuries and more than 58,000 houses destroyed.
The mission also confirmed that buildings constructed according to modern earthquake resistant design standards performed
with no evident damage. All the parties contacted during the mission, especially the EC Delegation, showed particular interest
in the results of the present mission report, which will be taken into consideration when planning the reconstruction phase,
especially of the most distant rural areas, where close collaboration between the Governmental Institutions, International
Organizations, Universities and NGO’s, will be needed to assist the population for the adoption of earthquake resistant designs
in the reconstruction of the destroyed houses. 相似文献
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Paleohydraulic reconstruction of a 40 ka‐old terrace sequence implies that water discharge was larger than today 
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下载免费PDF全文 The evolution of landscapes crucially depends on the climate history. This is particularly evident in South America where landscape responses to orbital climate shifts have been well documented. However, while most studies have focused on inferring temperature variations from paleoclimate proxy data, estimates of water budget changes have been complicated because of a lack of adequate physical information. Here, we present a methodology and related results, which allowed us to extract water discharge values from the sedimentary record of the 40 Ka‐old fluvial terrace deposits in the Pisco valley, western Peru. In particular, this valley hosts a Quaternary cut‐and‐fill succession that we used, in combination with beryllium‐10 (10Be)‐based sediment flux, gauging records, channel geometries and grain size measurements, to quantitatively assess sediment and water discharge values c. 40 Ka ago in relation to present‐day conditions. We compare these discharge estimates to the discharge regime of the modern Pisco River and find that the water discharge of the paleo‐Pisco River, during the Minchin pluvial period c. 40 Ka ago, was c. 7–8 times greater than the modern Pisco River if considering the mean and the maximum water discharge. In addition, the calculations show that inferred water discharge estimates are mainly dependent on channel gradients and grain size values, and to a lesser extent on channel width measures. Finally, we found that the c. 40 Ka‐old Minchin terrace material was poorer sorted than the modern deposits, which might reflect that sediment transport during the past period was characterized by a larger divergence from equal mobility compared to the modern situation. In summary, the differences in grain size distribution and inferred water discharge estimates between the modern and the paleo‐Pisco River suggests that the 40 Ka‐old Minchin period was characterized by a wetter climate and more powerful flood events. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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