Effects of forest roads on the hydrological response of a small‐scale mountain watershed in Greece          下载免费PDF全文

K. X. Soulis  N. Dercas  CH. Papadaki 《水文研究》2015,29(7):1772-1782

The effects of land use changes on the ecology and hydrology of natural watersheds have long been debated. However, less attention has been given to the hydrological effects of forest roads. Although less studied, several researchers have claimed that streamflow changes related to forest roads can cause a persistent and pervasive effect on hillslope hydrology and the functioning of the channel system. The main potential direct effects of forest roads on natural watersheds hydrologic response are runoff production on roads surfaces due to reduced infiltration rates, interruption of subsurface flow by road cutslopes and rapid transfer of the produced runoff to the stream network through roadside ditches. The aforementioned effects may significantly modify the total volume and timing of the hillslope flow to the stream network. This study uses detailed field data, spatial data, hydro‐meteorological records, as well as numerical simulation to investigate the effects of forest roads on the hydrological response of a small‐scale mountain experimental watershed, which is situated in the east side of Penteli Mountain, Attica, Greece. The results of this study highlight the possible effects of forest roads on the watersheds hydrological response that may significantly influence direct runoff depths and peak flow rates. It is demonstrated that these effects can be very important in permeable watersheds and that more emphasis should be given on the impact of roads on the watersheds hydrological response. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Reach‐scale contributions of road‐surface sediment to the Honna River,Haida Gwaii,BC          下载免费PDF全文

David A. Reid  Marwan A. Hassan  William Floyd 《水文研究》2016,30(19):3450-3465

Gravel road surfaces can be a major source of fine sediment to streams, yet their contribution to channel reach sediment balances remains poorly documented. To quantify the input of road surface material and to compare this input with natural sediment sources at the reach scale, suspended sediment dynamics was examined and a 16‐month sediment balance was developed for a ~35 channel‐width (approx. 425 m) reach of the Honna River, a medium‐size, road‐affected stream located in coastal British Columbia. Of the 105 ± 33 t of suspended material passing through the reach, 18 ± 6% was attributed to the road surface. The high availability of sediment on the road surface appears to limit hysteresis in road run‐off. During rainstorms that increase streamflow, road surface material composed 0.5–15% of sediment inputs during relatively dry conditions from April to the end of September and 5–70% through wetter conditions from October to the end of March, but our data do not show evidence of major sediment accumulation on the riverbed in the reach. A comparison of modelled sediment production on the road surface with observed yields from drainage channels suggests that (1) during low intensity rainfall, ditches and drainage channels may trap sediment from road run‐off, which is subsequently released during events of greater intensity, and/or (2) production models do not effectively describe processes, such as deposition or erosion of sediment in ditches, which control sediment transport and delivery. Our findings further emphasize the risk of unpaved roads in polluting river systems and highlight the continued need for careful road design and location away from sensitive aquatic environments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

线图形简化与移位算子的协同方法     

郭庆胜  王琳  孙雅庚  周林  龙毅 《测绘学报》2016,45(7):850-857

在地图综合过程中,线的图形简化和移位算子通常是分别执行的,图形简化和移位有时都会产生新的空间冲突。本文试图把这两种算子进行协同,避免在地图综合过程中进行空间冲突的多次探测,提高地图综合数据处理的效率。本文通过把线图形简化转换为线上的点移位,并构建邻近地图目标之间的移位传播路径,在考虑空间上下文关系和地图感受规则的前提下,使移位过程能考虑到线图形简化,并尽量保持有关地图目标的空间特征。最后,以道路和其周边的建筑物群为例,验证了该算法的有效性和可行性。  相似文献   

Simulated effect of a forest road on near‐surface hydrologic response: redux     

Benjamin B. Mirus  Brian A. Ebel  Keith Loague  Beverley C. Wemple 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2007,32(1):126-142

In the work reported here the comprehensive physics‐based Integrated Hydrology Model (InHM) was employed to conduct both three‐ and two‐dimensional (3D and 2D) hydrologic‐response simulations for the small upland catchment known as C3 (located within the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest in Oregon). Results from the 3D simulations for the steep unchannelled C3 (i) identify subsurface stormflow as the dominant hydrologic‐response mechanism and (ii) show the effect of the down‐gradient forest road on both the surface and subsurface flow systems. Comparison of the 3D results with the 2D results clearly illustrates the importance of convergent subsurface flow (e.g. greater pore‐water pressures in the hollow of the catchment for the 3D scenario). A simple infinite‐slope model, driven by subsurface pore‐water pressures generated from the 3D and 2D hydrologic‐response simulations, was employed to estimate slope stability along the long‐profile of the C3 hollow axis. As expected, the likelihood of slope failure is underestimated for the lower pore pressures from the 2D hydrologic‐response simulation compared, in a relative sense, to the higher pore pressures from the 3D hydrologic response simulation. The effort reported herein provides a firm quantitative foundation for generalizing the effects that forest roads can have on near‐surface hydrologic response and slope stability at the catchment scale. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

我国城市道路公共交通的现状分析及优先发展对策     

李森  周时骏 《中国勘察设计》2010,(4):39-42

私有车辆的迅猛增加是造成城市交通堵塞、环境污染加重、能源形势严峻的"祸首"。文章对我国城市道路公共交通不配套的优先发展政策、粗制滥造的公交规划设计和简陋的公交服务设施的现状进行了分析,提出应制定限定私权、扩大公权、鼓励人们使用高效率的交通工具等利于道路公交优先发展的政策以及编制科学的道路公交规划和道路公交设施配套建设时序的建议。  相似文献   

一种提取遥感影像中道路信息的方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李华胜  黄平平  苏莹 《国土资源遥感》2015,(2):56-62

由于合理有效地选择分割阈值较难,因此基于阈值分割的道路信息提取方法对于遥感影像中含有多种类型道路、或非道路地物干扰比较明显的情况适用性不理想。为此,提出了一种将Mean Shift和阈值分割相结合的方法来提取道路信息。首先,采用Mean Shift方法对遥感影像进行平滑处理,在较好地保持道路边缘信息的同时使道路内部的纹理分布更加均匀;其次,对平滑处理后的影像进行Mean Shift分割处理,将具有相同或相似灰度值的道路用一种灰度值显示;然后,选择灰度直方图中像素数量值高的线所对应的灰度值作为分割区间边界点进行多阈值分割,得到初始道路信息;最后,对初始道路信息进行后处理,得到最终的道路信息。实验证明,该方法可以完成对遥感影像中道路信息的提取,拓宽了阈值分割方法提取道路信息的使用范围。  相似文献   

北京市规划道路管理查询系统的设计与实现   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

张保钢  秦学秀 《国土资源遥感》2004,15(3):69-72

应用GIS技术,在ArcInfo8.1和ArcView3.2软件的基础上,设计研发了"北京市规划道路管理查询系统",实现了图形数据与属性数据的一体化编辑,维护了规划道路图形与属性数据的一致性,解决了系统查询与更新的并发操作问题,实现了不连续道路交叉点的图形及属性输出,成果输出变得非常灵活方便。  相似文献   

黄土高原典型小流域道路特征及影响因素   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

曹龙熹  张科利  张卓栋  张卫 《地理研究》2008,27(6):1271-1280

通过GPS野外实测黄土高原纸坊沟小流域的道路特征,在GIS空间分析等方法支持下研究了流域内各级道路的分布规律。研究表明:黄土高原道路可分为4级,2级以下的土路是小流域的代表路型。各级别道路总长度都随级别增大而增加且累计总长度与道路级别线性相关,道路平均长度和密度则随级别增大而减小。道路网系和流域水系在结构规律上具有一定的相似性。不同级别道路分布范围受地形特征影响不同。爬坡道路坡度与地表坡度之间存在线性回归关系,且次级道路分布受主路控制;典型爬坡路在大于25°坡度范围内多呈"之"字形弯曲,随坡度的减小道路弯曲跨度和与等高线夹角增大。研究结果有助于定量模拟黄土高原地区道路分布特征,并为土壤侵蚀模型中道路影响因子的确定提供参考。  相似文献   

山区道路泥石流工程防治原则与模式   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈宁生  崔鹏  姚令侃  何杰  李战鲁 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2009,20(1):1-5

绕行（避让）或穿越是道路面对泥石流灾区两种传统的处理方式。绕行就是远离灾区,穿越有从流通区或从堆积淤埋区通过两种模式。在淤埋区通过包括地上桥梁（忌用涵洞）和地下隧道两种模式。地上模式中还有从扇顶、扇腰或扇缘通过三种模式可供选择。这些原则与模式均与泥石流性质、规模和公路级别息患相关。本文对这些模式进行了对比研究,最后提出了道路泥石流工程防治的原则与模式。  相似文献   

黄河源地区草地退化空间特征   总被引：58，自引：4，他引：54  

张镱锂  刘林山  摆万奇  沈振西  阎建忠  丁明军  李双成  郑度 《地理学报》2006,61(1):3-14

利用黄河源地区1985年和2000年1：100000土地利用／覆被数据,结合1：250000DEM、道路和居民点数据与野外调查资料,分析草地退化与坡向、海拔及距道路和居民点距离之间的关系．探讨黄河源区15年间土地覆被变化特征与规律。结果表明,退化草地占源区总面积的8．24％,冬春季牧场退化率显著高于夏季牧场：草地退化是黄河源区研究时段内土地利用／覆被变化最主要的特征。草地退化表现为：①阳坡退化率高于阴坡;②受人口密度影响,草地退化率与海拔高度成反比,相关系数为．0．925;③距离居民点越近。退化率越高。尤其当与居民点距离≤12km时,草地退化率与其相关系数高达-0．996;④在距道路4km以内．草地退化率与道路距离成反比．相关系数高达-0．978。1985年以来,源区的草地退化有自然因素的影响．但人类活动的影响仍起主导作用。科学地减少当地居民对草地的过分依赖是解决脆弱的江河源区环境退化的根本。  相似文献