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Mills AP 《Marine pollution bulletin》2001,42(12):1208-1220
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines conjures up images of a yachting haven and a quiet tourists' paradise. The conflicting demands of a growing population, a middle-income economy dominated by fishing, plantation agriculture and tourism, and environmental and social concerns, all contribute to marine stress on the limited, precious, but internationally important resources. While the vision exists to manage effectively coastal and offshore resources, the institutional, financial and social capital to achieve that vision is limited. Development of the fledgling partnerships between local communities, national governmental structures and the international research, government and donor organisations seems the best hope to conserve the environment and coastal livelihoods of the islands. 相似文献
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Fabrizio Eva 《GeoJournal》2001,52(4):295-301
Discussion of the future of Europe continues to be a marginal political issue, partly because of the resistance of states, on both the practical (bureaucratic) and conceptual levels, created by the government leaders and heads of state. In turn, the nation-states are challenged from within by independent and separatist movements that have laid bare the fundamental hypocrisy of rhetorical discussions of the principle regarding the self-determination of peoples; interfering with states (and their borders) has proven to be a taboo for Europe. The growing flexibility of the globalised economy should be paralleled by a growing flexibility in the conception of the division and political organisation of territory, but this is not the case. Further inflexibility stems from the socio-economic inequity that we accept in our daily lives as normal, in particular as regards inequality in the use and division of territory. Equality, or better egaliberté (equality and liberty), is a sufficiently dynamic and flexible concept to be taken as a point of reference in envisaging the society, Europe, and world of tomorrow. It is only through the concept of egaliberté that we can imagine a Europe based on relations between regions that are conceived and organised on multiple scales and not as region-nations conceived on the basis of ethnicity or in the name of supposed cultural homogeneity. 相似文献
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The neighbouring towns of Haparanda and Tornio, separated only by a narrow strip of grass and wetland, are divided by the
only inhabited land boundary between Finland and Sweden in the southern part of the Torne River. The population represents
four different groups in relation to linguistic and cultural backgrounds. In the daily lives of the inhabitants, the state
boundary is probably of less significance than linguistic, social and ‘ethnic’ differences. On the local government level
there is a strong will to unite forces to make the total area a viable region in spite of its peripheral location, but state
legislation makes co-ordination difficult. This may be seen as a necessity, but in the daily lives of the populations, the
state boundary defines an area of unequal access, sometimes working in favour of and sometimes barring contacts and co-operation.
The media consumption reflects a clear ‘national’ interest with a strong local bias. In their attitudes, Finnish speakers
and bilinguals show a greater appreciation of ‘the other’ than unilingual Swedes. This may reflect the actual possibility
space (reach) in the local area.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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近几十年,全球汇款流在稳步增长并越来越成为发展中国家财政发展的重要源泉。汇款成为家庭收入中稳定的一部分,并组成了发展中国家第二大资金流——处于外国直接投资（FDI）之后,海外开发援助（ODA）之前。在撒哈拉以南非洲地区,流动工人的汇款成为财政发展以及救助穷人的财政服务的重要主题。本论文分析撒哈拉以南非洲地区迁移人口的汇款及其作用,并以马里作为重点研究对象。研究结论是,汇款在国家收入中占有重要比例,并将继续对个人家庭和社区提供重要支持,应该鼓励当地引导汇款促进基础设施发展和收入产生。 相似文献
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Marloes van Amerom 《GeoJournal》2002,58(4):265-273
The notion that Transboundary Protected Areas (TBPAs) will act as `Peace Parks' has become an important argument in their promotion in post-Apartheid Southern Africa. This `Peace Parks Concept' is implicitly based upon the assumption that national sovereignty will not become a constraining factor in the creation and management of TBPAs. However, this assumption is problematic. TBPAs introduce various changes in the landscape with consequences for the ways in which a state can exercise its sovereignty over its borderland and citizens. This situation might evoke state action that could endanger the various environmental, socio-economic and political objectives of TBPAs. A state's behaviour with regard to TBPAs is not just informed by its interests in TBPAs, but also by its strategic and other interests in the wider borderland area. These are not necessarily compatible with the environmental and economic objectives of TBPAs. The ways in which these interests are mediated are highly complex and non-linear. Because of the inter-dependency that TBPAs create, the extent to which a state can pursue certain interests by means of TBPAs will be (partially) constrained by the wishes of the other states involved. In addition, power has to be shared with a wide range of non-state actors. The operation of sovereignty in TBPAs is therefore highly unpredictable and cannot be captured in static zero-sum terms. Actor Network Theory is identified as a possible starting-point to unravel and evaluate these complex political processes in TBPAs and their subsequent outcomes for state sovereignty. 相似文献
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Kees Terlouw 《GeoJournal》2008,73(2):103-116
Subsidizing cross-border regions is a method to close the gap between citizens and the European Union. This analysis of PAMINA,
a cross-border region in the Rhine Valley near Karlsruhe, discusses some of the difficulties of this policy. There are structural
mismatches between the scales of different cross-border relations. These vertical mismatches are linked to the differences
in the horizontal logics of economic and administrative cross-border relations. Especially cross-border commuting, made possible
by European economic integration, has improved the daily life of many inhabitants of this region. Paradoxically this regional
success of European economic integration is disconnected from the EU funded cross-border region. They not only relate to different
scales, but the same spatial asymmetry generating this cross-border behaviour hinders administrative cross-border cooperation
in PAMINA.
相似文献
| Kees TerlouwEmail: |
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Jinn-yuh Hsu 《Geoforum》2005,36(5):654-666
This paper explores the dynamics of the economic development of Taipei City under conditions of globalization. Although Taipei City had undergone rapid industrialization and exploited the rural-urban division of labor since at least the 1960s, the city’s economic base changed dramatically after 1980. Initiating a process of industrial restructuring, the nation state encouraged high technology industries to help upgrade Taipei City’s role within global production chains. It was the transnational connection that kept regional growth within high ‘value-added’ activities. Instead of relying on a few major transnational corporations as the key agents of internationalization, Taipei City transformed itself into a node for high-technology knowledge, which connected the city with high-technology hubs elsewhere, and to Silicon Valley in particular, through transnational technical communities. At the same time, companies headquartered in the city extended their production chains across the Taiwan Strait to locate production facilities in the major coastal cities of mainland China. In consequence, Taipei City became a nodal city in these cross-border connections. These developments illustrate the limits of global city discourses which fail to pay sufficient attention to the role of developmental states and transnationalism in the process of global transformation. 相似文献
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Unmanned mobile robots for surface exploration of the Moon or planets have been extensively studied and developed. A lunar
rover is expected to travel safely in a wide area and explore in detail. Japanese lunar robotics exploration is under study
to conduct an unmanned geological survey in the vicinity of central peaks of impact craters for investigation of the sub-surface
materials. This will give us the key information to study the lunar inner structure and understand the Moon’s origin and evolution
as well as to investigate the evolution of magma ocean and later igneous processes. To carry out the geological exploration
in the central peak, lander and rover co-operative exploration is proposed. The working group has been conducting feasibility
study of advance technologies. This paper addresses an overview of lunar exploration with lander and rover and also enumerates
future technologies to be established.
The rover R&D group has developed an innovative science micro rover with a new mobility system and a lightweight manipulator.
The design and implementation of a science rover for the near future lunar missions requiring long traverses and scientific
observations are described and some experimental results are presented. 相似文献