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1.
M. Draoui J. Vias B. Andreo K. Targuisti J. Stitou El Messari 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(3):455-463
This paper presents the results of a comparative study relating to the application of four vulnerability mapping methods,
GOD, AVI, DRASTIC and SINTACS, in a pilot detritic aquifer situated in NW Morocco, known as the Martil–Alila aquifer. The
principal objective of this work is to determine the most suitable such methods for this aquifer type within a Mediterranean
context, and to show the effect of the rainfall variations that are characteristic of the Mediterranean climate on the degree
of vulnerability. The methods applied distinguish five classes of vulnerability, these being irregularly divided up in space,
with the division varying according to the method in question. The vulnerability maps obtained by the different methods strongly
suggest that the eastern half of the aquifer is more vulnerable to contamination than the western half, for all hydrological
situations. The effect of climatic conditions on the degree of vulnerability is well represented by the DRASTIC, according
to which the aquifer is moderately to strongly vulnerable during humid hydrological years and weakly to moderately vulnerable
during dry ones. For the other methods, this climatic effect is limited to the area occupied by the two predominant classes
(“High” and “Low” for GOD and “High” and “Moderate” for SINTACS) while it is null for AVI. In conclusion, DRASTIC appears
the most suitable for mapping the vulnerability to contamination of Mediterranean coastal detritic aquifers such as the Martil–Alila
aquifer. 相似文献
2.
地下水防污性能评价方法探讨 总被引：52，自引：0，他引：52
地下水防污性能评价是环境规划和决策的有用工具,国外已有许多研究,也提出了各种计算防污性能指数模型。文中着重介绍使用最广泛的DRASTIC模型,并指出其不足之处。根据中国情况,提出用DRTA模型评价潜水的防污性能,用DLCT模型评价承压含水层的防污性能。DRTA模型包含有地下水埋深、包气带评分介质、包气带评分介质的厚度和含水层厚度4 个因子;DLCT模型包含有承压含水层埋深、隔水层岩性、隔水层的连续性和隔水层厚度4个因子。 相似文献
3.
The development of groundwater favourability map is an effective tool for the sustainability management of groundwater resources in typical agricultural regions, such as southern Perak Province, Malaysia. Assessing the potentiality and pollution vulnerability of groundwater is a fundamental phase of favourability mapping. A geographic information system (GIS)-based Boolean operator of a spatial analyst module was applied to combine a groundwater potentiality map (GPM) model and a groundwater vulnerability to pollution index (GVPI) map, thereby establishing the favourable zones for drinking water exploration in the investigated area. The area GPM model was evaluated by applying a GIS-based Dempster–Shafer–evidential belief function model. In the evaluation, six geoelectrically determined groundwater potential conditioning factors (i.e. overburden resistivity, overburden thickness, aquifer resistivity, aquifer thickness, aquifer transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity) were synthesized by employing the probability-based algorithms of the model. The generated thematic maps of the seven hydrogeological parameters of the DRASTIC model were considered as pollution potential conditioning factors and were analysed with the developed ordered weighted average–DRASTIC index model algorithms to construct the GVPI map. Approximately 88.8 and 85.71% prediction accuracies for the Groundwater Potentiality and GVPI maps were established using the reacting operating characteristic curve method and water quality status–vulnerability zone relationship scheme, respectively. Finally, the area groundwater favourability map (GFM) model was produced by applying a GIS-based Boolean operator on the Groundwater Potentiality and GVPI maps. The GFM model reveals three distinct zones: ‘not suitable’, ‘less suitable’ and ‘very suitable’ zones. The area analysis of the GFM model indicates that more than 50% of the study area is covered by the ‘very suitable’ zones. Results produce a suitability map that can be used by local authorities for the exploitation and management of drinking water in the area. The study findings can also be applied as a tool to help increase public awareness of groundwater issues in developing countries. 相似文献
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煤矿开采对地下水的影响及其脆弱性评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在我国由于煤矿的大量开采,地下水资源的数量和质量受到严重影响,并且破坏了水的动态平衡和生态环境。一方面分析了采矿对地下水的破坏,另一方面通过对地下水的脆弱性评价警示人们在开发利用煤炭资源的同时对地下水资源采取有效的防治保护措施。 相似文献
7.
K.?C.?FredrickEmail author M.?W.?Becker D.?M.?Flewelling W.?Silavisesrith E.?R.?Hart 《Environmental Geology》2004,45(8):1054-1061
Indexing methods are used for the evaluation of aquifer vulnerability and establishing guidelines for the protection of ground-water resources. The principle of the indexing method is to rank influences on groundwater to determine overall vulnerability of an aquifer to contamination. The analytic element method (AEM) of ground-water flow modeling is used to enhance indexing methods by rapidly calculating a potentiometric surface based primarily on surface-water features. This potentiometric map is combined with a digital-elevation model to produce a map of water-table depth. This is an improvement over simple water-table interpolation methods. It is physically based, properly representing surface-water features, hydraulic boundaries, and changes in hydraulic conductivity. The AEM software, SPLIT, is used to improve an aquifer vulnerability assessment for a valley-fill aquifer in western New York State. A GIS-based graphical user interface allows automated conversion of hydrography vector data into analytic elements. 相似文献
8.
利用DRASTIC指标体系评价安徽省淮北平原浅层地下水脆弱性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
依据美国DRASTIC指标体系的基本框架,充分吸收欧洲及国内有关地区的研究成果,结合安徽省淮北平原的实际情况,以MAPGIS和ACCESS为平台,评价了浅层地下水的脆弱性。在评价指标选择、指标等级评分和指数分级等方面进行了探索,使之更符合淮北平原的实际情况,更具操作性,为今后开展全省地下水脆弱性评价积累了经验。 相似文献
9.
An extension to the DRASTIC model is proposed in order to assess aquifer vulnerability to pollution. In contrast to the DRASTIC
model, which considers the unsaturated and saturated zones together and computes a global intrinsic vulnerability index, the
suggested approach discriminates between the aquifer vertical vulnerability (a concept related to the pollutant percolation)
and the groundwater susceptibility (a concept that depends on the behaviour and uses of the groundwater). This approach is
applied to the Haouz aquifer (Morocco) that supplies water to the Marrakech area. This aquifer is widely overexploited and
there is evidence that the groundwater quality is threatened by various sources of pollution. Evaluation of the vertical vulnerability
indicates that the aquifer mainly presents a moderate-to-weak vertical vulnerability. The zones potentially most favourable
to pollutant percolation are mainly located in Central Haouz, along or near the surface wadis. The aquifer susceptibility
is high in places located near the N’Fis, Baaja and Issil wadis. Everywhere else, low-to-moderate susceptibility is observed.
This new approach therefore enables areas of vertical vulnerability and areas of susceptibility to be delineated separately.
As a result, it constitutes a valuable decision-making tool for optimising the management of aquifer water resources and land-use
planning. 相似文献
10.
海南岛位于我国最南端,地下潜水有松散岩类孔隙潜水、火山岩类裂隙孔洞水、碳酸盐岩类裂隙溶洞水和基岩裂隙水四种基本类型。采用DRASTIC评价方法,对区内地下潜水的污染状况进行了调查评价,并将其防污性能划分为4个等级区：防污性能较好、防污性能中等、防污性能一般、防污性能较差。提出了在定区域内禁止一切不能引起地下水污染的活动,消灭污染源等措施。 相似文献