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Jean Pierre Nguetnkam Fredéric Villiéras Richard Kamga Georges Emmanuel Ekodeck Jacques Yvon 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2014
Mineralogy, major, trace and rare earth elements of a weathering profile developed on tertiary greenstone belt in the extreme North Cameroon are reported. The aim of which was to investigate mineralogical evolution and element mobilization and redistribution during weathering under dry tropical climate. The weathering profile consists of four main horizons: (1) a spheroidal weathering zone constituted by a corestone–shell complex, (2) a C horizon, (3) a Bw horizon and an Ah horizon. The results indicate that nontronite, a Fe-rich smectite, is the exclusive clay mineral formed in the exfoliated shells and the C horizon. It is associated with kaolinite in the upper horizons. The coexistence of these two clay minerals induced a decrease of CEC and pH which becomes neutral. The weathering index (WI) values reveal that weathering becomes more and more intensive from the corestone up to Bw horizon, which is the most weathered horizon in the weathering profile. Mass balance calculations, using Th as immobile element, indicate that Ti is quite mobile and that Al and Fe are relatively enriched at the bottom and strongly leached at the top of the profile. Alkalis and alkaline earth elements are strong leached through out the profile, except Ca which displays similar trend as Al and Fe. The same goes for LILE (Cs, Sr), TTE (Cr, Co, Ni) and HSFE (Y, Nb, Hf). In opposite, REE are depleted at the bottom and enriched in the upper horizons, with more enrichment for LREE than for HREE. It appears that weathering of greenstone belt causes a fractionation of HREE and induces a concentration of LREEs. Ce and Eu anomalies display opposite behaviour. 相似文献
2.
Four smectites with different total Fe contents (two nontronites, one ferruginous smectite, and one montmorillonite) were
reduced to obtain a range of Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratios and their magnetic properties measured with a SQUID (superconducting quantum
interference device) as a function of applied magnetic field strength at 5 K and as a function of temperature in a field of
0.1 T. The unaltered nontronite and ferruginous smectite specimens showed antiferromagnetic coupling, whereas the coupling
in the reduced samples was ferromagnetic; the paramagnetic Curie temperature increased with increasing Fe(II) content. Data
collected after cooling samples in both the presence and absence of an external magnetic field of 0.1 T showed that at low
temperatures the reduced (ferromagnetic) nontronite and ferruginous smectite samples exhibit a memory effect of previous magnetic
field exposure consistent with superparamagnetic or spin glass behavior. The superparamagnetic/ferromagnetic transition temperature,
T
f
, increased linearly with increasing Fe(II) content for each of the nontronites, but the relationship between T
f
and Fe(II) content differed for different clays, thus demonstrating that T
f
is sensitive to isomorphous substitutions in the clay structure. The montmorillonite was paramagnetic in both oxidized and
reduced forms.
Received: 23 March 1999 / Revised, accepted: 27 August 1999 相似文献
3.
Formation of Fe-Mn-Si oxide and nontronite deposits in hydrothermal fields on the Valu Fa Ridge, Lau Basin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zhilei Sun Huaiyang Zhou G.P. Glasby Qunhui YangXijie Yin Jiwei LiZhiqiang Chen 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2012,43(1):64-76
Hydrothermal Fe-Mn-Si oxides and nontronite are pervasive in the Hine Hina, Vai Lili and Mariner hydrothermal fields along the central Valu Fa Ridge, Lau Basin. Morphometric and mineralogical analyses reveal that the iron-rich filaments are the most important constituents of these Fe-Mn-Si oxide deposits. Both the morphologies and chemical composition of the filaments indicate that neutrophilic Fe-oxidizing bacteria have played a key role in the formation of these deposits. A key process of the formation of these deposits is the creation of a complicated filamentous network in which a series of metabolic activities and passive sorption and nucleation processes occur. The precipitation of dissolved Si in unsaturated and saturated states leads to a “two-generation” growth model in the hydrothermal vents. The precipitation of amorphous opal occurs in a relatively narrow temperature range (41.1-42.9 °C) based on oxygen isotope analyses, indicating a fast precipitation rate of opal-A when conductive cooling of the hydrothermal fluid occurrs. Patchy nontronite in the Mariner fields is a product of the direct precipitation from hydrothermal fluids at a temperature of ∼87.9 °C, whereas the scattered nontronite at the Hine Hina field is the product of the replacement of hydrothermal Fe-Si oxides at a temperature of ∼46.2 °C. 相似文献
4.
粘土矿物在地表环境中广泛存在,并且与环境中的有机质紧密结合在一起。前人的研究发现,粘土矿物的可膨胀层间域可以有效地保存有机质,防止其在微生物诱导的氧化还原环境的波动的环境中被矿化。然而这一过程在高温条件下是否同样成立尚属未知。本文选取一种代表性有机质12-氨基十二酸(ALA)与典型含铁粘土矿物绿脱石(NAu-2)合成有机质-粘土矿物复合体,在两株高温-超高温铁还原细菌的作用后,通过多种水化学和矿物学的表征手段,研究其矿物结构的变化、有机质的结合稳定性和脱附情况。结果发现细菌对绿脱石结构铁的还原过程中造成的矿物结构的破坏(还原性溶解)是控制ALA从NAu-2中脱附的主要原因。高温条件也会略微促进ALA从NAu-2的层间域中脱附出来。总体来说,受限于微生物对结构铁的还原程度(30%),最终在结构铁还原反应结束后还是有相当大量的ALA在层间保存了下来。这一结果证明了粘土矿物的层间域在高温条件下同样也能够作为有机质保存的有效场所。 相似文献
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Lateritization processes of ultramafic rocks in Cretaceous times: The fossil weathering crusts of mainland Greece 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The lateritic weathering crusts exposed in mainland Greece were developed on ophiolitic ultramafic lithologies during lower Cretaceous times. The lateritic profile consists of four zones: bedrock, saprolite clay (nontronite) and goethitic. The profiles show large variations in thickness, continuity, mineralogy and chemical characteristics. They are broadly similar to clay nickel laterite deposits. The uppermost gravelly ferruginous sector was eroded and the material reworked and redeposited partly on the lateritic crust. Silcrete layers, characteristic of groundwater silcretes, were formed into the clay and goethitic zones. Significant supergene nickel enrichments occur in the clay and saprolite zones, indicating that water moved downward to a very low water table. The structure and mineralogy of the weathering crusts indicates that environmental conditions were likely to have been dominated by alternating wet and dry periods. 相似文献
6.
Qiu Zhaoming 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1989,(1)
舒兰粘土矿系高岭石型粘土矿,其中Fe_2O_3的含量达1.5～2.7％。经穆斯堡尔谱研究,有二对四极双峰,IS分别为0.450～0.462、0.425～0.439mm/s,QS分别为0.938～0.958、0.397～0.476mm/s。表明其中的铁基本都是高自旋的Fe~(3+),主要赋存于蒙脱石—囊脱石晶格的配位八面体中,M_1与M_2中均分布有铁,其原子比约为1:3。 相似文献
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