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1.
裙带菜原生质体的分离和培养 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
吴少波 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1988,(4)
本文以裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida(Harv.)Suringar)为材料,进行原生质体分离和培养研究。取得以下结果: 1、使用海螺酶(sea snail enzymes)和纤维素酶(cellulase,Onozuka R-10),酶解裙带菜细胞壁,在一定的条件下,能够大量地分离成活的裙带菜原生质体。 2、实验表明,氯化钠可作为分离裙带菜原生质体研究中的一种理想的渗透刑。 3、荧光增白剂染色镜检法可作为鉴定裙带菜原生质体的一种辅助方法,并适用于原生质体再生壁的观察。 4、光照(2000—2500Lux)能促使原生质体再生细胞壁,含有蔗糖(W/V,1％)的培养液有助于原生质体再生细胞壁。 5、分离的裙带菜原生质体,经培养,已能长成幼体。 相似文献
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Microcoleus vaginatus isolated from a desert algal crust of Shapotou was cultured in BG-11 medium containing 0.2 mol l−1 NaCl or 0.2 mol l−1 NaCl plus 100 mg l−1 sucrose, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) or hot water-soluble polysaccharides (HWP), respectively. Photosynthetic oxygen evolution rates, photosystem II activity (Fv/Fm) and dark respiration of NaCl-stressed cells were enhanced significantly by the added sucrose or EPS under salt stress conditions (0.2 mol l−1 NaCl). Compared with cells treated with salt alone, sodium contents in cells reduced significantly; the content of cellular total carbohydrate did not change, and intracellular sucrose, water-soluble sugar increased significantly following the addition of exogenous carbohydrates. Sucrose synthase (SS) activity of NaCl-stressed cells increased following the addition of sucrose, and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity of NaCl-stressed cells increased following the addition of exogenous sucrose, EPS or HWP compared with cells stressed with NaCl only. The results suggested that the extruded EPS might be re-absorbed by cells of M. vaginatus as carbon source, they could increase salt tolerance of M. vaginatus through the changes of carbohydrate metabolism and the selective uptake of sodium ions. 相似文献
3.
用等压法研究了273 15K下LiCl-Li2B4O7-H2O体系中纯盐水溶液(离子强度范围为LiCl0 2046～2 5055mol·kg-1,Li2B4O70 1295～0 3700mol·kg-1)以及混合盐水溶液(离子强度范围为0 0931～2 4911mol·kg-1)渗透系数和水活度;计算了LiCl-Li2B4O7-H2O体系的饱和蒸汽压,获得饱和蒸汽压、渗透系数随离子强度的变化规律。用实验数据以最小二乘法求取了LiCl和Li2B4O7纯盐参数及体系的混合盐参数,拟合的标准偏差分别为0 0077和0 026。用该模型计算的渗透系数值与实验结果取得合理的一致。同时研究结果与273 15K下LiCl-Li2SO4-H2O体系的渗透系数随离子强度变化的规律作了比较。本研究对完善低温下含锂、硼盐湖卤水体系的热力学模型和盐湖资源的综合开发利用具有重要意义。 相似文献
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在50℃下用等压法研究了LiCl和Li2SO4的纯盐水溶液(浓度范围分别为0 8～8 1mol·kg-1,0 7～3 1mol·kg-1)以及LiCl-Li2SO4-H2O混合体系(离子强度范围为1 0～8 6mol·kg-1)的渗透系数和水活度等热力学性质,并与0℃,25℃的数据做了对比,揭示了渗透系数随离子强度、温度及Li2SO4离子浓度分数之间的变化规律。Zdanovskii规则非理想溶液表达式和扩展式可以用来描述该体系等压平衡浓度之间的关系。根据Pitzer离子相互作用模型对实验数据进行了理论分析,拟合求取了50℃下该体系的纯盐参数和混合参数,计算值和实验值相吻合,表明Pitzer模型能够较好的描述50℃下该体系的热力学性质。 相似文献
6.
Since low permeability rock has the potential to behave as an actual semi-permeable osmotic membrane, chemical osmosis may have an effect on water flow and needs to be accounted for in analysis. Hence, an advanced fully coupled formulation for modelling unsaturated hydro, chemical and mechanical effects is here presented based on modified mixture theory. Firstly, the classical Darcy’s law has been modified to include the chemical potential. Secondly, the mechanical deformation, which affects the permeability, has been coupled with the water and chemical flows by using Helmholtz free energy and the Gibbs–Duhem equation. Finally, an illustrative numerical example with relevance to radioactive waste disposal has been analysed to investigate the performance of the coupled formulation and the relative influence of parameters. 相似文献
7.
用等压法研究了LiCl-Li2 B4O7-H2 O体系离子强度范围为 0 1 5 3 0～ 3 0 75 8mol kg-1不同质量摩尔浓度分数的等压平衡浓度 ,水活度 ;计算了LiCl和Li2 B4O7,混合盐溶液的饱和蒸汽压 ,渗透系数等热力学性质。以总硼浓度 0 0 8mol·kg-1为界 ,把所有混合盐的实验数据分为高浓度和低浓度两部分 ,按照不同的物种生成转化反应 ,考虑溶液中H3 BO3 和硼氧配阴离子B(OH) 4 -,B3 O3 (OH) 4 -和B4O5(OH) 4 2 -的存在形式。由实验数据用最小二乘法和迭代法求取了LiB(OH) 4 离子对的缔合平衡常数Km1,B3 O3 ,(OH) 4 离子的生成转化反应的化学计量平衡常数Km2 ,以及Pitzer模型的离子相互作用参数。用该模型计算的渗透系数值与实验结果取得合理的一致。对完善含锂、硼盐湖卤水体系的热力学模型和盐湖资源的综合开发具有重要意义 相似文献
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Vapour Equilibrium and Osmotic Technique for Suction Control 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
James A. Blatz Yu-Jun Cui Luciano Oldecop 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(6):661-673
The vapour equilibrium method and osmotic technique have gained widespread acceptance as reliable methods for controlling
relative humidity and thereby suction in soil specimens. The ability to impose suction on soil specimens allows for drying
and wetting stress paths to be imposed to evaluate resulting changes in strength, deformation and flow characteristics. The
two methods presented and discussed in this paper have been adapted for use with a number of traditional laboratory tests
including the oedometer, direct shear and triaxial tests. This report provides a summary of some recent developments and knowledge
regarding the use of these techniques highlighting the limitations and drawbacks of the methods. 相似文献
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We have numerically modeled evolving fluid pressures and concentrations from a nine-year in situ osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota. These data were obtained and recently interpreted by one of us (C.E.N.) as indicating a potentially significant role for chemical osmosis in media like the Pierre Shale. That analysis considered only the final pressure differentials among boreholes that were assumed to represent osmotic equilibrium. For this study, the system evolution was modeled using a recently developed transient model for membrane transport. The model simulates hydraulically and chemically driven fluid and solute transport. The results yield an estimate of the thickness of the water film between the clay platelets b of 40 Å, which corresponds to an osmotic efficiency σ of 0.21 for the ambient pore water salinity of 3.5 g/l TDS. These values largely confirm the results of the earlier equilibrium analysis. However, the new model analysis provides additional constraints suggesting that intrinsic permeability k = 1.4 × 10−19 m2, specific storage Ss = 1.7 × 10−5 m−1, and diffusion coefficient D* = 6 × 10−11 m2/s. The k value is larger than certain independent estimates which range from 10−21 to 10−20; it may indicate opening of microcracks during the experiments. The fact that the complex transient pressure and concentration behavior for the individual wells could be reproduced quite accurately, and the inferred parameter values appear to be realistic for the Pierre Shale, suggests that the new model is a useful tool for modeling transient coupled flows in groundwater systems. 相似文献
10.
To further our knowledge of the coupling between the hydraulic and mechanical behaviours of the swelling soils, this paper presents an experimental study on a bentonite/silt mixture using an osmotic odometer. A loading/unloading cycle was applied to samples with different initial dry densities (1.27, 1.48, and 1.55 Mg m− 3) at different constant suctions (0, 2, and 8 MPa). We noted that the initial state of the soils after compaction significantly influenced the values of the apparent preconsolidation stress p0(s), the virgin compression index λ(s), and the elastic compression index κ.These experimental results provided a sufficient database to interpret the mechanical behaviour of the swelling soil and define three yielding surfaces:
- – the suction limit between micro- and macrostructure (sm/M) and the suction limit between nano- and microstructure (sn/m), which depend completely on the soil fabrics and the diameter separating the nano-, micro-, and macrostructure,
- – the Loading Collapse (LC) curve, representing the preconsolidation stress variation as a function of suction,
- – the Saturation Curve (SC), representing the variation of the saturation stress (Psat) as a function of suction.