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2.
Daily zenith scattered light intensity observations were carried out in the morning twilight hours using home-made UV-visible
spectrometer over the tropical station Pune (18‡31′, 73‡51′) for the years 2000–2003. These observations are obtained in the
spectral range 462–498 nm for the solar zenith angles (SZAs) varying from 87‡ to 91.5‡. An algorithm has been developed to
retrieve vertical profiles of ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from ground-based measurements using the Chahine iteration method. This retrieval method has been checked using measured
and recalculated slant column densities (SCDs) and they are found to be well matching. O3 and NO2 vertical profiles have been retrieved using a set of their air mass factors (AMFs) and SCDs measured over a range of 87–91.5‡
SZA during the morning. The vertical profiles obtained by this method are compared with Umkehr profiles and ozonesondes and
they are found to be in good agreement. The bulk of the column density is found near layer 20–25 km. Daily total column densities
(TCDs) of O3 and NO2 along with their stratospheric and tropospheric counterparts are derived using their vertical profiles for the period 2000–2003.
The total column, stratospheric column and tropospheric column amounts of both trace gases are found to be maximum in summer
and minimum in the winter season. Increasing trend is found in column density of NO2 in stratospheric, tropospheric and surface layers, but no trend is observed in O3 columns for above layers during the period 2000–2003 相似文献
3.
为解决城市边界层中大气O3浓度的预报问题,选用一种简明有效的光化学反应方案建立光化学模式, 并与大气平流扩散的箱格预报模型进行了嵌套,从而将大气化学过程引入到城市空气污染数值预报系统 (CAPPS) 中。同时,根据实际需要研究了VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) 浓度及NOx源排放量等参数缺测时,根据前期监测浓度采用遗传算法反演未知参数的具体方法。利用2001年9月8~17日在北京舞蹈学院监测的O3、NOx资料及相应的气象数据,用改进后的CAPPS模式进行了单箱预报试验。预报试验结果表明,嵌套后的模式对O3浓度的变化具备一定的预报能力。 相似文献
4.
近地层O3和CO2浓度变化对冬小麦影响的数值模拟:Ⅱ模拟结果和分析 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
针对CO2和O3浓度变化对冬小麦影响,改进了农田生态系统碳氮生物化学模型(DNDC),并利用模型模拟了O3和CO2浓度变化对冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响,检验了模型的模拟效果.通过对原DNDC模型适用性的调整,使之适用于固城站,为进一步改进作物模型打下了可靠的基础.通过试验资料验证表明,模型较好地反映了O3和CO2浓度变化对冬小麦生长发育和产量形成的影响.通过敏感性分析得出,模型对温度变化反映灵敏;在CO2浓度倍增情况下,O3浓度变化对冬小麦的复合影响分析看出,一定浓度范围内,CO2可缓解O3对作物影响的负效应,O3对CO2带来的正效应有削弱作用. 相似文献
5.
6.
双差分激光雷达——一组可以提高臭氧测量精度的波长 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
模拟了气溶胶影响三波长双差分 (2 6 6 - 2 89- 30 8nm)方法和双波长差分 (2 6 6 - 2 89nm和 2 6 6 - 30 8nm)方法测量对流层臭氧的误差 ,并在合肥测量了对流层 2~ 3.6km高度的臭氧分布。结果表明 ,三波长双差分方法比常规的双波长差分方法能更有效地克服气溶胶的影响 ,三波长差分测量的结果比常规的双波长差分的结果更精确。同时还揭示了气溶胶影响双波长差分方法测量臭氧的规律。模拟结论与测量结果是一致的 相似文献
7.
This work presents the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) measured with the help of passive diffusion tubes in different environments: rural, sub-urban, urban, at La Réunion Island in December 1997 and November 2000 (austral spring), respectively. NO2 concentration exhibits notable enhancement from 1997 to 2000. For instance, its mean concentration was 16 and 20 μg/m3 in December 1997 and November 2000, respectively, at La Réunion Island, especially in inhabited regions due to increase of local anthropogenic activities, mainly traffic circulation, in the absence of house heating and biomass burning. We also observe a net increase of pollutant levels by a factor two in rural/remote areas within 3 years, which is tied to the extension of inhabited areas and air-flows from enhanced local sources. The increase of atmospheric pollutants is mainly due to enhancement of anthropogenic activities (traffic) since the 1990s at La Réunion Island, which results from a constant increase of population and consequently, from a higher number of vehicles in circulation. Importantly, in cities like Saint-Denis, where traffic network has been subject to notable improvement (e.g. single to double lanes, etc.), pollutant levels exhibit little variability as in temperate continental latitudes. Semi-continuous NO2 concentration measured in parallel with ozone in November 2000 also showed that daytime photochemical ozone production is influenced by pollutant and precursor (NO2) levels at Saint-Denis, while nighttime ozone increase is mainly tied to dynamical processes. The November 2000 ozone diurnal pattern is notably different from that observed in September 1995, during which a daytime ozone loss was observed, pointing out that atmospheric conditions have been subject to notable changes, i.e., clean to moderately polluted, within a few years at La Réunion Island. The results presented here point out that the ‘source enhancement effect’ is superimposed on dynamical and photochemical processes to influence pollutants variability and hence atmospheric chemistry, in a quite ‘pristine’ tropical oceanic region. 相似文献
8.
《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2018,350(7):435-441
Many observers and commentators have used the case of ozone science and politics as a role model for climate science and politics. Two crucial assumptions underpin this view: (1) that science drives policymaking, and (2) that a unified, international science assessment is essential to provide “one voice” of science that speaks to policymakers. I will argue that these assumptions are theoretically problematic and empirically questionable. We should realize that both cases, ozone and climate, are profoundly different and only have superficial similarities. Ozone science developed late, but efforts to protect the ozone layer happened swiftly. The relation between carbon dioxide and climate change has been studied for many decades, but efforts to control global warming have failed so far. I will discuss the linear model of the science-policy relationship and use the typology of tame and wicked problems to explain this stark difference. 相似文献
9.
承德市臭氧污染气象条件预报方法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用2014-2016年承德市环境监测站和气象站的数据,分析了气象条件对承德市O3-8h浓度的影响,探讨了臭氧污染气象条件的预报方法。结果表明:4-7月是承德市O3-8h浓度较高的月份,O3浓度的日变化特征为午后浓度高而夜间浓度低;O3污染的天气形势为500 hPa受高压脊和偏西气流影响,850 hPa有强暖平流和20℃以上的高温,地面受低压前部和高压后部之间的偏南气流影响;有利于O3-8h出现高浓度的气象因子为日平均气温大于23℃、日最高气温大于28℃、日平均海平面气压995-1007 hPa、日平均水汽压18-28 hPa、偏南风大于1 m·s-1。利用气象因子综合评分建立臭氧污染指数,与O3-8h浓度的相关系数高达0.7553,说明臭氧污染指数能较好地预报臭氧污染天气。 相似文献
10.
基于WACCM+DART的临近空间SABER和MLS臭氧观测同化试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究在WACCM+DART(Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model,Data Assimilation Research Test-Bed)临近空间资料同化预报系统中加入SABER(Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry)和MLS(Microwave Limb Sounder)臭氧观测同化接口,并以2016年2月一次平流层爆发性增温(SSW)过程为模拟个例进行了SABER和MLS臭氧观测同化试验,得出以下结论:同化SABER和MLS臭氧体积浓度观测得出的WACCM+DART臭氧分析场能够较真实反映SSW期间北极上空平流层臭氧廓线随时间的演变特征,且与ERA5(Fifth Generation of ECMWF Reanalyses)再分析资料描述的臭氧变化特征具有很好的一致性;基于SABER和MLS臭氧观测的WACCM臭氧6 h预报检验表明同化臭氧观测对臭氧分析和预报误差的改善效果主要体现在南半球高纬平流层和北半球中高纬平流层中上层-中间层底部;基于ERA5再分析资料的WACCM+DART分析场检验表明同化SABER和MLS臭氧体积浓度资料可在提高北半球高纬地区上平流层-中间层底部臭氧场分析质量的同时减小该地区上平流层-中间层底部温度场和中间层底部纬向风场的分析误差;基于MLS臭氧资料的臭氧中期预报检验表明相对控制试验同化SABER和MLS臭氧体积浓度资料能更好改善0~5 d下平流层和中间层底部臭氧的预报效果。 相似文献