Nitrogen uptake,ammonium oxidation and nitrous oxide (N₂O) levels in the coastal waters of western Cook Strait,New Zealand     

John C. Priscu  Malcolm T. Downes 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(5):529-542

Vertical measurements of $\text{NH}{}_4{}^{\mathrm{+}}$, $\text{NO}{}_3{}^{\mathrm{?}}$ and N₂O concentrations, $\text{NO}{}_3{}^{\mathrm{?}}$ and $\text{NH}{}_4{}^{\mathrm{+}}$ uptake, and $\text{NH}{}_4{}^{\mathrm{+}}$ oxidation rates were measured at 5 sites in western Cook Strait, New Zealand, between 31 March and 3 April 1983. Nitrate increased with depth at all stations reaching a maximum of 10.5 μg-atom $\text{NO}{}_3{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{N l}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}$ at the most strongly stratified station whereas $\text{NH}{}_4{}^{\mathrm{+}}$ was relatively constant with depth at all stations (～0.1 μg-atom $\text{NH}{}_4{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{N l}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}$). The highest rates of $\text{NH}{}_4{}^{\mathrm{+}}$ oxidation generally occurred in the near surface waters and decreased with depth. N₂O levels were near saturation with respect to the air above the sea surface and showed no obvious changes during 24 h incubation. $\text{NH}{}_4{}^{\mathrm{+}}$ oxidation by nitrifying bacteria may account for about 30% of the total $\text{NH}{}_4{}^{\mathrm{+}}$ utilization (i.e. bacterial+agal) and, assuming oxidation through to $\text{NO}{}_3{}^{\mathrm{?}}$, may supply about 40% of the algal requirements of $\text{NO}{}_3{}^{\mathrm{?}}$ in the study area. These results suggest that bacterial nitrification is of potential importance to the nitrogen dynamics of the western Cook Strait, particularly with respect to the nitrogen demands of the phytoplankton.  相似文献   

不同氮源对微小亚历山大藻生长和毒素产生的影响   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

张清春  于仁诚  周名江  王云峰  颜天  李钧 《海洋学报》2005,27(6):138-145

通过尿素、氯化铵、酵母浸出粉和硝酸钠等氮源对微小亚历山大藻(Alexandrium minutum)生长及毒素产生的影响研究,分析了微小亚历山大藻对不同氮源利用状况的差异.结果表明,在氮饥饿条件下,加入硝酸钠和酵母浸出粉能显著促进微小亚历山大藻的生长;高浓度的氯化铵在加入后对微小亚历山大藻有一定的毒性效应,表现为生长停滞,但毒性效应在5 d后消失,并得到与添加硝酸钠及酵母浸出粉相似的增长速率0.21 d-1;添加尿素对微小亚历山大藻的生长没有显著促进作用.在四种氮源中,尿素对微小亚历山大藻毒素产生的刺激作用也最弱,在稳定期每个细胞藻细胞毒素含量维持在6.00~8.00 fmol;添加硝酸钠、氯化铵和酵母浸出粉的藻细胞在稳定期毒素含量分别达到11.85,12.86和14.64 fmol.硝酸钠和氯化铵刺激藻毒素产生的效果比酵母浸出粉更为直接.四种含氮营养盐对微小亚历山大藻毒素组成的影响都很小.  相似文献   

改性碳酸氢铵的结构特征及其肥效增效机理研究     

吴平霄  廖宗文 《矿物岩石》2003,23(2):113-116

利用有机-无机(矿物)控释材料对碳酸氢铵进行改性，制成改性碳酸氢铵。盆栽试验结果显示，在等重条件下，改性碳酸氢铵较普通碳酸氢铵有较大幅度的增产。运用X射线衍射分析及红外光谱对改性碳酸氢铵的结构进行研究，发现其晶体结构发生较大的变化，差热分析结果也表明，改性碳酸氢铵的热分解温度比普通碳酸氢铵提高30℃。这种晶体结构的变化增加了改性碳酸氢氨的稳定性，从而延长了其肥效并提高了N的利用率。  相似文献   

The Global Distribution of Secondary Particulate Matter in a 3-D Lagrangian Chemistry Transport Model     

R. G. Derwent  W. J. Collins  M. E. Jenkin  C. E. Johnson  D. S. Stevenson 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2003,44(1):57-95

A global 3-D Lagrangian chemistry-transport model STOCHEM is used to describe the tropospheric distributions of four components of the secondary atmospheric aerosol: nitrate, sulphate, ammonium and organic compounds. The model describes the detailed chemistry of the formation of the acid precursors from the oxidation of SO₂, DMS, NO_x, NH₃ and terpenes and their uptake into the aerosol. Model results are compared in some detail with the available surface observations. Comparisons are made between the global budgets and burdens found in other modelling studies. The global distributions of the total mass of secondary aerosols have been estimated for the pre-industrial, present day and 2030 emissions and large changes have been estimated in the mass fractions of the different secondary aerosol components.  相似文献   

铅—试铁灵络合物吸附波及溴化十六烷基三甲基铵增敏效应的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张淑云  何平 《岩矿测试》1997,16(4):313-315

在０３０ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＡｃ介质中，Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）与７＿碘＿８＿羟基喹啉＿５＿磺酸（试铁灵，Ｆｅｒｏｎ）的络合物于－０５４Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）产生一尖锐的极谱波，加入溴化十六烷基三甲基铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）显著增敏，可使极谱波增高约４倍。峰电流与Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）浓度在９６×１０－９～４８×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ呈良好的线性关系，检出限为４８×１０－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。用多种电化学方法研究了该极谱波的性质及电极反应机理表明，络合物组成比为ｎＰｂ（Ⅱ）∶ｎＦｅｒｏｎ＝１∶１，极谱波为吸附波，峰电流由中心离子Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）还原产生，电子转移数为２。试验了多种离子对峰电流的影响，拟定的方法用于矿样分析，结果与原结果相符。  相似文献   

碘化氨除锡后封闭酸溶-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定锡矿石中的共生和伴生元素   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

马生凤  赵文博  朱云  孙红宾  王蕾  温宏利 《岩矿测试》2018,37(6):650-656

锡矿石是难分解的矿物,主要存在形式是锡石(SnO_2),且共生和伴生元素多,常用的酸溶方法几乎不能溶解SnO_2,从而给锡矿石中的共生与伴生元素的准确测定带来困难。本文基于碘化氨在较低温度下熔融可产生无水状态的碘化氢,利用碘化氢的酸性和氨的还原性分解SnO_2,使Sn呈SnI_4升华分离的原理处理锡矿石。实验中以高纯铂丝作催化剂,加入碘化铵在450℃的马弗炉中分解锡矿石30 min,使得Sn以SnI_4形式挥发,除锡率达到98%以上,再用2 mL氢氟酸和1 mL硝酸封闭溶解残渣,电感耦合等离子体质谱测定钴镍铜铌钽钍铀等24个共生和伴生元素。元素检出限在0. 001～2. 9μg/g之间,90%以上元素的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%,相对误差小于10%。本方法解决了锡矿石难分解的问题,可测定共存金属元素,也适合测定Sn含量在1. 27%～62. 49%之间的锡矿石中的微量和痕量元素及锡精矿中的微量元素。  相似文献   

Nitrification in Kochi backwaters     

Joereen Miranda  K.K. Balachandran  R. Ramesh  Mohideen Wafar 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Nitrification rates, as oxidation of ¹⁵N-labelled ammonium and loss of nitrite from N-Serve treated samples, were measured in Kochi backwaters during three seasons. Nitrification rates ranged from undetectable to 166 nmol N L⁻¹ h⁻¹ in the water column and up to 17 nmol N (g wet wt)⁻¹ h⁻¹ in sediments. Nitrification rates were higher in intermediate salinities than in either freshwater or seawater end. Within this salinity range, nitrification rates could be related to ammonium concentrations. As shown by the relation between ammonification and nitrification rates, it is also likely that nitrification is more regulated by renewal rates, rather than by in situ concentrations, of substrate. Among other environmental parameters, temperature and pH may have an influence on nitrification. Potential nitrification rates calculated from loss of nitrite from N-Serve treated, nitrite-enriched samples were about 800 nmol N L⁻¹ h⁻¹ in the water column and 40 nmol N (g wet wt)⁻¹ h⁻¹ in sediments. While these rates are in balance with those of biological ammonium production they may be inadequate to mitigate ammonium pollution in this estuary.  相似文献   

Wintertime rates of net primary production and nitrate and ammonium uptake in the southern Benguela upwelling system     

RF Flynn  JM Burger  K Pillay 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(3):253-266

The elevated levels of primary productivity associated with eastern boundary currents are driven by nutrient- rich waters upwelled from depth, such that these regions are typically characterised by high rates of nitrate-fuelled phytoplankton growth. Production studies from the southern Benguela upwelling system (SBUS) tend to be biased towards the summer upwelling season, yet winter data are required to compute annual budgets and understand seasonal variability. Net primary production (NPP) and nitrate and ammonium uptake were measured concurrently at six stations in the SBUS in early winter. While euphotic zone NPP was highest at the stations nearest to the coast and declined with distance from the shore, a greater proportion was potentially exportable from open-ocean surface waters, as indicated by the higher specific nitrate uptake rates and f-ratios (ratio of nitrate uptake to total nitrogen consumption) at the stations located off the continental shelf. Near the coast, phytoplankton growth was predominantly supported by ammonium despite the high ambient nitrate concentrations. Along with ammonium concentrations as high as 3.6 µmol l^–1, this strongly suggests that nitrate uptake in the inshore SBUS, and by extension carbon drawdown, is inhibited by ammonium, at least in winter, although this has also been hypothesised for the summer.  相似文献   

沼泽湿地土壤中硝态氮和铵态氮物理运移研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

牟晓杰  孙志高  王玲玲 《海洋湖沼通报》2010,(1)

沼泽湿地土壤是氮的重要储库,发挥着源、汇和转化器的重要功能。湿地土壤中无机氮的物理运移不但影响着植物的养分供给状况,而且其对于湿地生态系统的结构、功能及健康状况等也有着深刻影响。综述了沼泽湿地土壤无机氮物理运移及影响因素的研究动态。当前湿地土壤无机氮物理运移的研究主要集中在硝态氮和铵态氮(特别是硝态氮)物理运移规律及部分影响因素(如水分条件、土壤物理性质等)的探讨上,缺乏无机氮物理运移的动力学、热力学机制与模型表征研究。鉴于当前研究中存在的问题,指出天然沼泽湿地是研究的薄弱点,其在今后应亟需加强的领域包括:①无机氮物理运移的驱动机制;②动力学、热力学与环境效应模型表征;③人类活动和全球变化对无机氮物理运移的影响。  相似文献   

Growth of marine bacteria and ammonium regeneration from substrates in different C: N ratios     

WANG Jiangtao  YIN Xiaonan 《海洋学报(英文版)》2009,28(3):59-64

Natural assemblages of marine bacteria were chosen in a batch culture experiments. The impact of varying nitrogen substrate concentrations and the substrate C:N ratios (C:N_S) on the bacterial C:N ratio (C:N_B), the bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) and ammonium regeneration was mainly examined. The C:N_S ratios varied from 5:1 (carbon limitation) to 40:1 (nitrogen limitation) with varying combinations of glucose and NO₃^-. The C:N_B ratio had positive relationship with the C:N_S ratio (r=0.93, n=8), whose value was 3.77 when the C:N_S ratio was 5:1 but increased to 6.47 when the C:NS ratio was 40:1. These results indicate that the C:N_B ratio is a potential diagnostic tool for determining the bacterial growth in natural waters controlled by either, carbon or nitrogen. BGE decreased with the declining nitrate concentration and negatively related to C:N_s (r=-0.51, n=8). The average value of BGE was 0.20. This value was a little lower than other reports, which could be induced by the nitrogen source used in our experiments. Finally, regeneration time of ammonium delayed with the increasing C:N_S ratio, which indicates that there were different metabolism mechanisms when bacterial growth was limited by carbon source and nitrogen source.  相似文献