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本文利用褐铁矿中针铁矿经热脱水相变获得以纳米晶赤铁矿为主要物相的纳米-微米多级孔结构材料,并用于模拟净化富Mn~(2+)地下水。同时考察了热处理温度、初始pH值、初始Mn~(2+)浓度、吸附反应时间等对材料去除溶液中Mn~(2+)的影响。XRD、TEM、BET表征结果表明,300℃热处理产物中赤铁矿孔径最小为2.7 nm,比表面积最大达到107.4 m~2/g。吸附实验结果表明,在pH值5~10的范围内,p H值对煅烧褐铁矿颗粒对Mn~(2+)去除效果影响较小;材料在贫氧条件下对水中低浓度Mn~(2+)的最大吸附量为6.45 mg/g;吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型;褐铁矿热处理形成的纳米晶赤铁矿对Mn~(2+)具有吸附和催化氧化作用,其中的杂质锰氧化物对Mn~(2+)的吸附和催化氧化具有增强作用。 相似文献
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Field, hand specimen, and microscopic investigations alongside X-ray diffraction analyses revealed four types of hydrothermal alteration (Type-A, -B, -C, and -D) based on the mode of occurrence of altered rocks and alteration mineral assemblage at Hakusui-kyo and Horai-kyo along the Arima-Takatsuki Tectonic Line (ATTL) in western Japan. Type-A alteration locally occurred as gray alteration halos with sulfide minerals. Type-B and -C alterations were confined to fault gouge veins and occurred as greenish-gray veins and brown veins, respectively. Type-C alteration crosscut Type-B alteration. These alterations were associated with a number of granitic fragments including cohesive breccia and micrographic facies. Type-D alteration occurred locally in brown sediments. Different mineralogical features in the four alterations are summarized as (Type-A) illite; (Type-B) chlorite; (Type-C) limonite (Fe3+ hydroxides and goethite) and calcite; and (Type-D) limonite. We propose that the alterations can be broadly divided into Paleocene hydrothermal alteration (Type-A) and post-Late Miocene hydrothermal alteration (Type-B, -C, and -D): Type-A alteration occurred at approximately 200 °C during hydrothermal activity after a granitic intrusion in Late Cretaceous; Type-B, -C and -D alterations occurred under hydrothermal activity accompanying deep fluids with repeated ascents invoked by the seismicity of the ATTL after the Late Miocene. The fluids may have been the “Arima-type thermal waters” (i.e., mixtures of convective groundwater and Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3-type fluids). Type-B alteration occurred in fractures at depths where the temperature was ≥150 °C. Type-C alteration overprinted Type-B alteration as a result of mixing of new deep fluids and descending oxidized meteoric water near the surface. Fe3+ hydroxides and calcite precipitated from the fluids due to the oxidation of Fe2+ and the degassing of CO2, respectively, at ambient to near-boiling temperatures. When the ascending fluids gushed out from the fractures, they generated Type-D alteration at the surface under similar temperature conditions due to the oxidation of Fe2+. 相似文献
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D. R. de Vletter 《Mathematical Geology》1978,10(5):533-542
Although two-thirds of the present nickel production is derived from nickel sulfides, lateritic nickel reserves are estimated
to be around three times as large as those of sulfides. This discrepancy is largely caused by the mineralogical complexity
of lateritic nickel which precludes low-cost beneficiation by conventional physical methods. Nevertheless, lateritic nickel
reserves are bound to become increasingly important because of expected metallurgical advances. Lateritic nickel deposits
were formed from peridotitic rocks on peneplaned surfaces during a tropical or subtropical climate. The most important deposits
were formed during the Tertiary and the lateritization process still continues in deposits situated in the present tropical
or subtropical belts. Other deposits, like those in East Europe and Greece, were formed during much older periods (Palaeogene-Cretaceous).
The various types of lateritic nickel deposits, covered or uncovered,in situ or transported, are listed and their characteristics briefly mentioned. Large differences exist in depth, grade, specific
gravity, and mineralogical composition—the latter especially in the nickel silicate section as opposed to the overlying limonitic
section. These large differences exist even within one individual mining area. Because of the mineralogical complexities and
highly irregular boundaries of lateritic nickel deposits (especially the upper and lower boundaries of the nickel silicate
section), thorough studies are required to determine the mineralogical composition and ratios of the components. Only then
may it be possible to specify with confidence the most suitable metallurgical process which has a strong bearing on the cost
and consequently the viability of the deposit. This condition makes the exploitability rating in the McKelvey classification
diagram relatively more difficult. Because of the quickly changing geological attributes of deposits even within limited areas,
it seems necessary to develop various deposit models for many, if not most, individual metallogenic regions. It does not seens
justified or practical to use estimation methodologies based on straight extrapolation. This is especially the case when dealing
with the young uncovered type of deposit which constitutes the bulk of global resources. Consequently methodologies no. I
(areal value estimation. Cargill, Meyer, Picklyk, Urquidi, 1977) and no. 2 (volumetric estimation) are not considered suitable.
It is thought that methodology no. 3 (abundance estimation) in conjunction with no. 5 (Delphi estimation) would work satisfactorily
but, as could be expected, the most meaningful results should come from a combination of methodologies nos. 4 (deposit modeling),
5 (Delphi estimation), and 6 (integrated synthesis). A classification of leteritic nickel deposit types is proposed.
This paper was presented at the International Geological Conclation Program (IGCP) Project 98: “Standards for Computer Applications
in Resource Studies” held at Taita Hills, Kenya, November 8–15, 1977. 相似文献
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天然褐铁矿的光电化学响应及对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对比实验研究了天然褐铁矿对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(A.f.)生长的影响.利用X射线衍射分析(XRD)确定实验中所用天然褐铁矿样品的主要物相为针铁矿和赤铁矿,紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和不同光照条件下的时间电流曲线表明天然褐铁矿在可见光下具有良好的光电化学响应.采用"H"型装置进行双室体系反应,设置了3组对比实验,结果显示A.f.在有光催化电子传入情况下生长较好,在96 h内细胞浓度增加了12倍,3组实验中Fe2+浓度的变化规律与A.f.的生长趋势相对应.由此揭示了天然褐铁矿促进A.f.生长的机制为:在光照作用下天然褐铁矿能产生光生电子-空穴对,光生空穴被电子供体(抗坏血酸)捕获,分离出的光生电子传入阴极室能够将Fe3+还原为Fe2+,实现Fe2+的电化学再生,提供充足的电子能量来源,促进细菌生长. 相似文献
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Reduction roasting of limonite ores: effect of dehydroxylation 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The effect of pre-calcination in the reducibility of tropical limonite ore, obtained from New Caledonia, was investigated in this study. A series of reduction tests were carried out with pre-calcined and raw limonite ores. The extent of metallisation was determined from nickel and iron which dissolved in ammoniacal solution. Mineralogical transformations that occurred during reduction were analysed using thermal gravimetric, differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) and in situ high temperature synchrotron based X-ray diffraction. Bulk mineral analysis of the raw ore was also obtained using neutron diffraction. This study suggests that there is benefit in the pre-calcination of limonite ores. Pre-calcination of the ores which opens the main gangue mineral structure, goethite, allows a rapid interaction between the reductant gases and the nickel species during reduction. The greater nickel metallisation achieved in reduction of pre-calcined ores resulted in higher dissolved nickel whilst reduced raw limonite showed poorer nickel recovery. Reduction of metal minerals was also accompanied by diffusion of nickel into the reduced iron matrix that resulted in the formation of ferro-nickel alloy (Ni3Fe). The formation of this solid solution was monitored by in situ synchrotron based X-ray diffraction and was also reflected by the lower nickel leachability in ammoniacal solution. It was found that incorporation of nickel into the reduced iron oxide resulting from pre-calcination is significantly less in comparison to the diffusion occurring in reduced raw or uncalcined limonite ores. This effect is prevalent in prolonged reduction periods (greater than 20 min), at higher temperatures (>500 °C) and highly reducing conditions (H2/CO2=1:1). This study showed that optimal nickel recovery can be achieved by controlling the incorporation of nickel into the reduced iron structure by pre-calcination of the limonite ore. 相似文献
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软玉子料黑皮和褐皮的致色物测试 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黑皮、褐皮是软玉子料的常见皮色。文章通过岩石薄片、电子探针、差热分析等多种手段测试,综合判定软玉子料的褐皮是含褐铁矿所致,黑皮是含褐铁矿加有机质所致,这为软玉子料鉴定提供了依据,对子料成因研究也有重要意义。 相似文献
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褐铁矿和白云石对垃圾渗滤液厌氧消化增强作用的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
垃圾渗滤液治理一直是城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场的难题。能否利用矿物-微生物交互作用提高垃圾渗滤液有机污染物厌氧转化的效率是值得研究的问题。本文设置4组厌氧生物反应器(分别为只添加褐铁矿或者白云石、同时添加褐铁矿和白云石以及不添加矿物的空白组),考察添加褐铁矿、白云石对垃圾渗滤液厌氧消化的影响。实验结果表明,厌氧生化反应12 d时,添加了褐铁矿和白云石的反应器中COD去除率均达到80%以上,而空白对照组COD去除率仅为50%;4组反应器中溶液pH值变化表明,矿物的存在提高了溶液的pH值0.5左右;4组反应器中氨氮含量变化不大,也没有表现出明显差异。研究认为褐铁矿或白云石矿物在垃圾渗滤液中有机物的厌氧消化过程中起到了重要促进作用。研究结果为提高垃圾渗滤液厌氧处理效率提供了一个可供参考的方法。 相似文献