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近20年来中国旧石器考古学的进展与思考 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：13
本文记述近20年来中国旧石器考古学研究的主要成果,着重论述早期人类扩散的速度和中国旧石器工业的基本框架:北、南方各存在一个主工业,并存若干区域工业;同时对试验考古研究以及东西文化比较研究等的现状和问题提出孔见。 相似文献
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北方黄土研究中磁化率分析已越来越多运用到第四纪风尘堆积研究中。采用古地磁极性柱结合磁化率曲线比对定年的方法,初步确定江苏金坛和尚墩遗址750cm厚的地层年龄为330kaBP,对应磁化率曲线判断该区域分别经历了24kaBP左右、110kaBP左右、190—240kaBP左右、300kaBP左右的4个暖湿期,其中间隔有3个干冷时期,具有完整的3个气候旋回。对应地层发育的4个古土壤层、3个黄土层的风尘堆积—古土壤序列。研究表明,虽然古地磁极性定年的方法有一定的局限性,但在以磁化率信息为辅助的条件下,可在一定程度上消除这些局限,获得较为准确的地层年代,多种证据表明这种方法是可靠的。 相似文献
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许家窑组及许家窑文化层年代问题的磁性地层学证据 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
许家窑文化遗址的发现将传统上被认为是早更新世前后的泥河湾层的年代范围推至晚更新世 ,由此建立的许家窑组被确认为我国北方晚更新世湖相沉积的标准地层。近几年对包含许家窑文化层在内的泥河湾层用高分辨率磁性地层学方法研究结果表明 ,在文化层以下 3m处发现了厚度达 6 m以上且分布连续的反向极性带 (未见底 ) ,综合分析认为 ,该反向极性带为松山反向极性带。这一发现否定了在文化层以下 4— 5 m处存在布莱克反向极性偏移的报道。根据松山反向极性时的结束时间为距今 78万年及泥河湾层的沉积速率推算 ,许家窑泥河湾层的年代范围应为早更新世晚期至中更新世 ,而许家窑文化层应为中更新世早期。由此可见 ,泥河湾层的年代范围及分组方案尚需用多种手段进一步研究才能定论 相似文献
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通过测量黄土的磁化率 ,并结合传统的黄土地层学研究方法 ,对丁村旧石器文化遗址群中两个典型的剖面 ,即代表丁村旧石器中期文化的 10 0地点和代表丁村旧石器早期文化的 79:0 2地点文化层上部的黄土 -古土壤序列进行划分 ,并将其结果与位于丁村附近黄土塬上的敬村黄土剖面和典型洛川黄土剖面的地层和磁化率曲线进行对比。结果表明 ,丁村 10 0地点地层上部黄土 -古土壤序列为S0 ,L1,S1;而 79:0 2地点上部的黄土 -古土壤序列则包括S0 ,L1,S1,L2 ,S2 。因此 ,丁村 10 0地点文化层的年代大于S1的形成年代即 0 13MaB .P .,79:0 2地点文化层的年代大于S2 的轨道调谐年龄 ,即 0 2 4 7MaB .P 相似文献
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The stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Q3 middle terrace alluvial sequence in the lower Tagus river valley, Portugal, were studied near the village of Alpiarça, approximately 40 km upstream from the estuarine area. Two main stratigraphic units were recognized, separated by an important uncomformity. The Lower Gravels unit (LG) consists of intercalations of medium to coarse gravel deposits, mainly quartzitic, with coarse sandy matrix, organized in tabular bodies. The overlying Upper Sands unit (US) consists of tabular sandy channel deposits and overbank fines, the latter containing well-developed paleosols and backswamp deposits, showing a general aggrading trend, apparently with varying rates; available data indicate that deposition of the US took place under temperate climatic conditions. Within US deposits are several paleolithic archaeological sites, the lower ones in the alluvial stratigraphy being Middle Acheulian, whereas those embedded in overlying deposits are, from bottom to top, Upper Acheulian and Micoquian. Some of these sites have been recently excavated. The quartzite artifacts were apparently abandoned by early humans on the flood plain surface during deposition of the US unit and were subjected to limited reworking during their incorporation in the alluvium. TL/OSL dating of sandy-silty sediments, though imprecise, support archaeological evidence pointing to an age of 150,000 to 70,000 yr B.P. for the US unit. 相似文献
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许家窑遗址是中国旧石器时代中期的一处重要考古遗址,按照地层古生物学常规判断,其地层为上更新统下部.许家窑遗址是泥河湾盆地乃至东亚地区发现的上更新统包含古人类及古哺乳动物化石和旧石器时代考古遗物最丰富的一个地层剖面.许家窑遗址的古地磁测年的分析存在重大理念误区,其"早更新世晚期至中更新世早中期"的断代结论令人难以置信. 相似文献
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第四纪科学与旧石器考古学关系非常密切。在中国北方,旧石器文化的很多遗迹都出现在黄土分布区。中国旧石器考古的开始阶段,黄土研究与旧石器考古研究联系紧密,共同发展。半个多世纪以来,中国的黄土研究在原有基础上取得了新的突破。怎样将已有的黄土研究成果为旧石器考古所用?文章通过对河南织机洞和内蒙古大窑两个旧石器考古地点的案例分析,讨论怎样利用黄土研究的最新成果确定旧石器考古遗址地层层位及年代问题;建议旧石器考古学家应该密切关注第四纪科学的发展,并提倡旧石器考古与地学学科更高层次的交流与合作。 相似文献
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Edward Derbyshire Armelle Billard Brigitte Van Vliet-Lanoë Jean-Pierre Lautridou Mauro Cremaschi Cnr 《第四纪科学杂志》1988,3(2):147-169
In 1985, a programme of research on the sedimentology and diagenesis of the loess and loessic silts of western Europe was initiated jointly by laboratories in Leicester, Meudon, Caen, Milan, Cardiff and Southampton, involving a limited amount of comparative work on the loess from types sites in the Loess Plateau of central China. Preliminary results include the following: (1) Experimental procedures in particle size analysis, clay sample preparation and microscopy have been standardised in all cooperating groups; distinctive fabrics indicative of depositional mechanisms have been recognised. (2) Comparison of aeolian, colluvial and alluvial silt by laser-scanning and bulk magnetic susceptibility anisotropy methods appears to differentiate aeolian silt from loessic silts re-deposited by slope processes and flowing water. (3) The variability in the anisotropy of the limon à doublet facies has been assessed by image analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. Strong anisotropy has also been measured in thin section imagery of loess from Normandy and Poland as the product of freezing and thawing. This is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and by experimental freezing of some silts. (4) The clay fabric and mineralogy in western European loess differ from those in Chinese loess, especially in the case of semi-arid deposits. (5) Distribution of CaCO3, using thin sections and SEM analysis, has been determined for loess from Normandy and the Rhǒne valley in France and for some Chinese loess, At Saint Vallier, zones of CaCO3 concentration occur masking much of the original (loess) sedimentary skeleton which is a locally reworked loessic silt with some laminations. Despite considerable scatter, the palaeomagnetic results indicate a reversed polarity throughout, placing the whole Saint Vallier sequence in the Matuyama chron. These preliminary results suggest the existence of two different palaeoenvironments: one typified by central China, with arid glacials and humid interglacials; and the other represented by western Europe, with generally high humidities. There was stronger weathering and soil development and fewer freezing effects on the lossic succession in northern Italy than in western littoral Europe. 相似文献
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旧石器时代考古学一百年来的发展已从地质古生物和器物类型分析转向全方位的古生态环境和人类行为信息提炼以重建更新世的文化发展史。它的探索范围不仅包括动物骨骼、埋藏环境、工具使用和生产工艺,而且还进人了人类智力演化的领域。 相似文献