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Two hydrogen-rich lithobodies of highly alipathic character from a coal occurring in southwest Utah, have been studied. Bituminite (>50%), vitrinite (25–30%) and liptodetrinite (7–12%) are the principal macerals. The hexane-soluble products of hydrogenating the lithotypes at 400° with tetralin and hydrogen have been analyzed by GC-MS. Products identified include homologous series of alkylated naphthalenes, phenols, furans, cyclohexenones and hydroxy-pyridines. In the case of furans, the alkyl groups extend beyond C30. Materials released by Soxhlet extraction with pyridine consist chiefly of homologous series of fatty acids and their methyl esters and of methyl alkyl ketones, which were not found in the hydrogenation products. The long alkyl chains in these substances can account for about 75% of the alkanes found in the hydrogenation products but not in the extracts. Most of the compounds mentioned in the foregoing are thought to be physically held or trapped in the coal, rather than chemically combined in its macromolecular network. Except for the fatty acids, the origins of these substances are difficult to identify. 相似文献
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Six North American bituminous coals (four Carboniferous and two Cretaceous) and eight maceral concentrates from Carboniferous British seams have been heated with tetralin and hydrogen to 400°C. The hexane-soluble parts of the products were separated by column chromatography and the fractions were then analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In all cases the aromatic hydrocarbon fraction was a very complex mixture containing a number of alkylated biphenyls, diphenylmethanes and -ethanes, and polycyclic compounds. However single ioncchromatography (m/z = 142) showed that, in addition to these, the products from five of the six American coals contained homologous series of long chain n-alkylnapththalenes with alkyl groups extending to C16. In other fractions from the American coals, homologous series of n-alkylfurans and alkylphenols were found to be major components, as also were many alkylcyclohexenones related to isophorone. Extensive homologous series of n-alkyl aromatics were not detected in products from any of six vitrinites from British seams, though series of n- and iso-alkylphenols were found in the products from two sporinite concentrates. A number of polycyclic ketones apparently related to sterols were found in the products from the British vitrinites but not from any American coals. Reasons for what appear to be systematic structural differences between the American and British coals are discussed. Differences in stratigraphy are noted and it seems not impossible that differences in source vegetation are significant. 相似文献
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土壤中单环芳烃定量分析的基质效应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
来源于燃料油泄露的单环芳烃对土壤的污染已经成为一个很普遍的现象,因此,准确、高效地检测土壤中的挥发性单环芳烃是一个很关键的问题。文章通过在标准系列中加入石英砂和土壤两种基质,比较水、水-石英砂、水-土壤3个定量库中得到的标准曲线的斜率,研究基质效应对土壤样品定量的影响。结果表明,芳香烃类物质在土壤基质中的斜率总体小于在石英砂基质中的斜率,在石英砂基质中的斜率比在水基质中的斜率小1%(苯)～9%(正丁苯),在水基质中得到的斜率最大;只有苯在土壤基质和水基质中的斜率相当,其余组分在土壤基质中的斜率比在水基质中的斜率小9%(丙苯)～24%(1,2,4-三氯苯)。单环芳烃在土壤基质中相对斜率的大小与化合物本身的沸点以及辛醇-水分配系数呈负相关。研究表明,在对土壤样品进行校准的过程中,选择合适的基质建立定量库是一个非常关键的因素。 相似文献
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以国家标准方法和EPA方法为基础, 进行了矿坑排水中苯系物的测定.在测定过程中进行了质量保证和质量控制实验, 用外标法定量.在水样测定的同时对用自动顶空进样器和吹扫捕集浓缩仪两种进样方式测定矿坑排水中苯系物的方法进行了比较, 对进样方式和影响测定的因素进行了讨论.结果表明, 自动顶空进样器的回收率为108.5 8%~116.38%, 方法检出限为5.00~10.00 μg/L; 吹扫捕集浓缩仪的回收率为94.87%~105.6 3%, 方法检出限为0.25~0.50 μg/L. 相似文献
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镉致鲫(Carassius auratus)外周血单个核细胞DNA损伤与增殖抑制 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用体内注射染镉的方法进行镉诱导鲫外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)DNA损伤与增殖抑制相关性的研究。将鲫(400g／尾)驯养4周后进行随机分组，每组5尾，以Cdh浓度1．25、2．50和3．75mg／kg腹腔注射染鲫，以生理盐水腹腔注射鲫为对照，染镉后0、3、5、7、10和14天取无菌抗凝鲫血，经淋巴细胞分离液离心分离获取PBMC，用单细胞凝胶电泳法检测PBMC的DNA损伤，用^3H-胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷掺入法检测PBMC的增殖。结果表明，3天时各染镉组DNA迁移度增加，5天时继续加大并于7天时达到峰值，10天和14天时呈现逐渐减小的趋势。1．25mg／kg组与对照组在不同时间放射性活度(咖m)的差异均无显著性；0天和3天时各染镉组与对照组咖m的差异均无显著性；5天时2．50和3．75mg／kg组dpm明显下降，7天和10天时dpm与5天时基本相同，14天时dpm呈上升趋势。镉诱导DNA损伤与其抑制PBMC增殖相比，作用时间短且浓度低，初步推测镉诱导的DNA损伤是镉抑制PBMC增殖的重要机制之一。 相似文献
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Geochemical Characteristics of a Veinlet Kupferschiefer Profile from the Lubin Mine, Southwestern Poland 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Previous studies have shown that the ascending, oxidizing brines play a very important role in Kupferschiefer mineralization. Fractures could be the pathway of the brines. In order to clarify the influences of the brines on bulk organic matter, aromatic hydrocarbons and Kupferschiefer mineralization, one veinlet Kupferschiefer profile from the Lubin mine, southwestern Poland was studied with the microscopic, geochemical and Rock-Eval methods. The microscopic results indicate that organic matter of the veinlet sample consists dominantly of bitumen. Its extract content is higher than in other samples. The dominant aromatic compounds are naphthalene and alkylated naphthalenes (Na-PAH), which have migrated into the veinlet sample from other sediments. The content of phenanthrene and its methylated derivatives (Ph-PAH) is much lower than in other samples. The reason may be due to their heavier mass than Na-PAH. It is more difficult for Ph-PAH to migrate. The Na-PAH was probably removed from the shale by dist 相似文献
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利用气相色谱-质谱仪/火焰离子检测器（Online-GC-MS/FID）对2017年冬季山东德州大气中99种挥发性有机物（VOCs）进行连续测量,研究了VOCs浓度和组分特征、日变化趋势、来源及其对臭氧（O3）、二次有机气溶胶（SOA）生成的贡献.结果表明,德州大气VOCs平均体积分数为（47.74±33.11）×10-9,烷烃占比最大,为40.66%.总VOCs及其组分表现出早晚体积分数高、中午体积分数低的日变化规律.德州大气中丙烷、丙烯、苯及甲苯和二氯甲烷分别受到液化石油气挥发、生物质燃烧、机动车排放和溶剂使用等人为源的影响.反向轨迹模型分析发现,北方内陆气团对德州VOCs体积分数具有一定贡献.烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃的臭氧生成潜势分别为（34.87±33.60）、（120.48±118.76）和（59.77±94.14）μg/m3,乙烯、丙烯、甲苯和间/对二甲苯的贡献较大.芳香烃氧化主导了SOA生成,其贡献率为93.7%,甲苯、间/对二甲苯、苯对SOA生成的贡献最大.为解决大气复合污染问题、实现臭氧和PM2.5协同控制,德州应重点控制甲苯、间/对二甲苯等芳香烃的排放. 相似文献
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应用紫外分光光度法分析芳烃及芳烃衍生物,以苯、萘、菲3种物质作为代表性物质,选用正己烷为溶剂,在5个特征波长下测试物质的吸光强度.检出限为12.9×10-9~20.5×10-9,空白加标准确度为98.9%~101.4%,精密度为3.73%~4.51%,实际样品的加标回收分析基本满足要求.在分析测试方法上做了优化,对环境污染小,对人体毒害低,安全性高,既缩减了成本又提高了效率.该方法的准确度精密度高,简便易行,可满足地质行业分析测试的要求,适用于油气化探样品中芳烃类的大批量集中分析测试. 相似文献
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