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The Bonneville basin, located in north-western Utah, is a vast evaporite basin which is home to the world-renowned Bonneville Salt Flats international speedway and is a highly valued landscape undergoing rapid change and anthropogenic influence. Air quality, snowpack, the local hydrological system, and state tourism are all impacted by the nature of the surface sediments exposed in the Bonneville basin. Mapping the Bonneville basin over time with remote sensing methods provides insight into the dynamics and impacts of the changing surface landscape. Utilizing the Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensors, a set of band math indices are empirically established to map the predominant halite, gypsum, and carbonates mineralogical zones of the Bonneville basin. Spectral comparisons of representative samples from the study area and image-derived spectra indicate the halite of the Bonneville basin is wet and that gypsum deposits are slightly mixed with halite. The established indices are assessed in four ways, all of which support the ability of the indices to accentuate the associated mineralogical endmembers. Two study areas within the Bonneville basin are investigated temporally from 1986, 1995, 2005, and 2016 and show changing patterns in mineral distribution that align with surface processes active through these timescales. These indices provide a resource for mapping mineralogy though time in evaporite basins globally with diverse applications for questions about land use and environmental change. 相似文献
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正1 Introduction There is a long period of hot,arid climates in the Jurassic-Neogene,in the eastern of the Neo-Tethys where is been called Western Yunnan—Qiangtang tectonic belt(Zheng et al.,2010).Especially in the Paleogene,under the control of the planetary winds and the north subtropical high pressure belts,a ribbon arid,semi-arid 相似文献
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Semicircular and crescent-shaped accumulations of salt crystals developed on salt crusts were measured on three Tunisian playas in September 1990. These features have been termed salt ramps. Their morphology and chemistry suggest that they are formed in the late stages of shallow ephemeral lake desiccation in playa basins. They form by salt precipitation from shallow brine lakes that are blown across salt-encrusted playa surfaces by the wind. Moreover, they appear to be short-lived features and their degradation is related to the flooding of playas with less saline water, and possibly rainfall and deflation. 相似文献
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B. C. Deotare M. D. Kajale S. N. Rajaguru S. Kusumgar A. J. T. Jull J. D. Donahue 《Journal of Earth System Science》2004,113(3):403-425
Two playas in the arid core of the western margin of the Thar desert viz., Bap-Malar and Kanod, have been investigated using
palynology, geomorphology, archaeology, AMS-radiocarbon dating, stable isotopes, evaporite mineralogy and geoarchaeology.
The principal objective was to obtain a reliable lithostratigraphy of the playa sediments. These are about 7 m thick in the
Bap-Malar and > 2.5 to 3 m thick in the Kanod. AMS14C dates of > 15 ka BP on pollen from sediment layers indicates that the Bap-Malar playa possibly existed even during the LGM.
These playas were full of water during the early Holocene (8 ka BP — 5.5 ka BP) and were ephemeral during the Pleistocene-Holocene
transition and early to mid to late Holocene. The playas dried almost 1000 years earlier than those occurring on the eastern
margin. Pollen of graminaceae, chenopodiaceae/amaranthaceae, cyperaceae etc. and evaporite minerals like gypsum, halite in
the profiles indicate that the playas were surrounded by vegetation dominated by grass and that, they remained brackish to
saline even during the mid Holocene, lake full stage. Stable dune surfaces, pediments with regoliths, and gravelly channels
of ephemeral streams provided a favorable geomorphic niche for nomadic human activity since ∼ 7 ka BP. Though local ecological
factors have played an important role in the evolution of the playas, the winter rains, connected with northwesterly depressions,
most likely played a vital role in maintaining these playas 相似文献
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《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2016,76(3):383-390
Salt mounds are commonly distributed along playa margins and typically comprise alternating layers of loose fine sand and slightly hard halite-rich sediments as a result of long-term underground spring activity. A model of salt mound development was constructed for this study. It suggests that wind-blown sand supply and upward recharge of underground springs are two important factors in salt mound construction. Furthermore, it proposes that salt mound height is mainly controlled by the vertical transport range of underground springs and the thickness of the capillary fringe. A 1.5 m representative profile dug from the center of salt mound LP1 in the Lop Nor playa revealed a fairly complicated mineral assemblage including halite, gypsum, anhydrite, glauberite, epsomite, anhydrite, calcite, bischofite, polyhalite, schoenite, kieserite and carnallite. This matches closely with the assemblage predicted by the EQL/EVP model. The groundwater in the area is highly concentrated brine rich in Cl− and Na+ and poor in Ca2+, displaying low alkalinity, and containing considerable amounts of SO42−, Mg2+ and K+. Chemical analysis of groundwater revealed considerable variation in the salinity and chemical composition of groundwater over time. The Cs-137 technique was used to measure the accumulated ages of the salt mounds. This method may prove useful in the research of relatively young playa environments where carbon dating techniques are unworkable because of an absence of carbon-rich materials in recent saline sediments. 相似文献
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The formation of Namibia's extensive pedogenic gypsum crusts (CaSO4·2H2O) is interpreted in a new light. It is suggested that gypsum primarily precipitates at isolated points of evaporitic concentration, such as inland playas, and that deflation of evaporitic‐rich gypsum dust from these playas contributes to the formation of pedogenic gypsum duricrusts on the coastal gravel plains of the Namib Desert surrounding these playas. This study establishes the nature, extent and distribution of playas in the Central Namib Desert and provides evidence for playa gypsum deflation and gravel plain deposition. Remote sensing shows the distribution of playas, captures ongoing deflation and provides evidence of gypsum deflation. It is proposed that, following primary marine aerosol deposition, both inland playas and coastal sabkhas generate gypsum which through the process of playa deflation and gravel plain redeposition contributes to the extensive pedogenic crusts found in the Namib Desert region. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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