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This conceptual review article provides a critical appraisal of Sustainable Consumption and Production research, which is currently framed by two generic positions. First, the ‘reformist’ position, which focuses on firms pursuing green eco-innovations and consumers buying eco-efficient products, represents the political and academic orthodoxy. Second, the ‘revolutionary’ position, which is a radical critique of the mainstream, advocates the abolishment of capitalism, materialism, and consumerism, and promotes values such as frugality, sufficiency, and localism. We find this dichotomous debate problematic, because it is intellectually stifling and politically conservative (in its outcomes). To move beyond this dichotomy, we propose a third position, ‘reconfiguration’, which focuses on transitions in socio-technical systems and daily life practices and accommodates new conceptual frameworks. For each of the three positions, we discuss: (1) the scale and type of change, (2) views on consumption and production in exemplary approaches, (3) underlying theoretical, epistemological and normative orientations, (4) policy implications, and (5) critical appraisal. The conclusion compares the three positions, provides arguments for the fruitfulness of the reconfiguration-position and offers four critical reflections about future Sustainable Consumption and Production research agendas. 相似文献
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全球能源治理是当前能源话语权塑造的重要形式,其本质是能源利益主体间围绕多元能源议题而构建的关系网络。在以往相关研究中,各能源组织的架构、功能、绩效以及所产生的复杂影响占据了主要内容,而对于全球能源治理的整体结构以及内部关系却未能有进一步探索。本研究认为,能源组织与实际贸易存在交互关系,将二者相结合来进一步呈现和解释全球能源治理架构是有必要的。基于此,本研究以2019年为时间节点,收集主要能源组织的属性数据与各国之间的石油和天然气贸易数据,将国家间在能源治理组织的常态化合作关系与实际发生的能源贸易关系作为分析基础;并利用社会网络分析方法构建全球能源治理网络,探析其基本结构以及出现的“边界重构”现象。研究发现：(1)能源组织网络与能源贸易网络存在显著的结构性差异,在两种网络对比中,美国与俄罗斯均占据主导地位。(2)中国已经成为能源贸易大国,但在全球能源组织合作中不具优势,与传统能源利益集团之间缺乏正式的治理合作。(3)全球能源治理体系呈现出典型的“核心-边缘”结构,主要被划分为欧盟以及亚太-北美“社区”,其中OECD（经济合作与发展组织）国家占据“核心”地位;而以单一能源输出为主导功能的出... 相似文献
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Ethnic Enclave Reconfiguration: A ‘new’ Chinatown in the Making 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Years of past research on traditional Chinatowns were based on the assumption that Chinatown is an ethnic enclave for a single
ethnic minority, i.e. the Chinese. In recent years, one could observe significant changes over Chinatowns in terms of more
Vietnamese presence. Yet, the transition process as an object of study is much under-represented in the literature on ethnic
enclaves. Looking at ethnic business transition from Hong Kong to Vietnamese in Toronto’s Chinatown West, this paper argues
strongly that ‘multiple ethnicity’ can coexist in an enclave. For this case study, the Chinatown is being reconfigured into a ‘new’ Chinatown. Drawing upon data from the authors’ Vietnamese Business Database that covers information between
1983 and 2003, we present both spatial and temporal analyses that offer insights into how the Vietnamese businesses grow through
time. Our findings support the existence of a Vietnamization process in Toronto Chinatown West. However, its evolution is
still in an infant stage. In some aspects, the incoming Vietnamese businesses display similarities with the remaining Hong
Kong businesses. In sum, a total reconfiguration of Chinatown West in form and business nature is still unaccomplished. The
conventional enclave concept which bases on the singularity of ethnic group has to be abandoned in view of rising occurrence
of ethnic transition, particularly in this globalizing era. 相似文献
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Design Method,Application and Time Alternative Mechanism of Flexible Use of Airspace 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The flexible use of airspace and its practice are the key components of next generation air transportation system and the important technical support of reconstructing the national airspace in Europe, Japan and other countries. On the basis of overview and comprehensive cognition of the generation, implementation and aims of flexible use of airspace, the design methods of sector’s boundary changes were evaluated. Then, from the perspective of “sector-closed”, the effect on sector boundary changes was evaluated, and the time alternative mechanism in flexible use of airspace was revealed. The research shows that “Algorithm+Manual Dynamic Boundary Change” can be a method for better distribution and balancing the unbalanced traffic demand across regions, which will also promote the airspace development and capacity release. The flexible use of airspace based on ICTs realizes the replacement of the factor of space by the factor of time, which enhances the flexibility of airspace configuration and the changing of air routes to the maximun extent. The methods and applications of flexible use of airspace will be not only beneficial to establishing the whole national airspace system and utilization, but also to promoting geography research on airspace resources development and the studies on connection between air and land. 相似文献
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由于地球磁场的影响,电磁编队可以在近地轨道稳定飞行,通过改变电磁卫星磁极的电流大小来保持一定的编队队形.虽然地球磁场通常被看作偶极场,并随地球旋转,但地球磁场与电磁力场之间的相互作用被认为是一种内力.当电磁卫星编队突然遇到障碍物需要积极避障时,电磁力作为内力不能改变编队方向,因此,必须对电磁卫星编队施加外力,以实现碰撞规避控制.本文研究了电推进技术在电磁卫星编队碰撞规避中的应用.在此过程中,电推进提供编队转向所需的外部推力,而电磁力作为辅助推力共同作用实现碰撞规避.电推进采用多模态霍尔推力器,基于模糊推断的LQR重构控制方法进行碰撞规避过程的控制,并通过数字仿真验证了控制方法的有效性. 相似文献
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针对现有无线传感器网络节点硬件固定,不能重新配置的问题,设计了一种全新的基于仿生硬件的无线传感器网络节点自修复方法,采用仿生硬件实现动态可重构无线传感器网络节点,以使节点能够自主地、动态地改变自身的结构和行为,在其部分硬件失效情况下进行节点的仿生自修复.该研究提出了相关节点的仿生自修复方法,研制了基于现场可编程阵列的仿生自修复节点,并通过实验验证了节点的自修复能力.对于提高无线传感器网络的鲁棒性和安全性具有重要意义. 相似文献
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提出一种基于部分可重构技术的高级加密标准密码算法实现方案。该系统采用Xilinx公司的Virtex-IIFPGA(Field-Programmable Gate Array)芯片,能针对不同的加密与解密需求,灵活重构加密系统中的核心算法,提高了密码系统的灵活性和安全性,减少了资源消耗,适用于资源受限,有不同安全需求的密码系统,最后给出了实验结果。 相似文献
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为加强我国海岸线资源的使用和管理,优化海岸线的开发利用和保护,促进海洋经济和资源环境的可持续发展,文章在概述海岸线退出机制的内涵及其研究和实践进展的基础上,分析该机制的建立和完善。研究结果表明:我国目前尚未形成系统和综合的海岸线退出机制,主要在法律、制度、经济和社会4个方面面临困境;应坚持绿色发展等4项原则,针对擅自改变海岸线用途等6种情形,分别采用强制退出、倒逼退出和协议退出3种模式,建立和实施海岸线退出机制;通过完善法律法规和制度体系、长效运作机制、海岸线资源再配置以及补偿措施,完善海岸线退出机制。 相似文献