Slump-initiated and controlled syndepositional sandstone remobilization: an example from the Namurian of County Clare, Ireland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lorna J. Strachan 《Sedimentology》2002,49(1):25-41

Remobilization of sandstones can dramatically reconfigure original depositional geometries and results in very unusually shaped sandstones, which resemble little, if any, of the original geometry. A number of deformational sandstone bodies, dykes and volcanoes from the upper part of the Carboniferous Ross Formation are described, which offer the opportunity to examine a suite of field-scale reconfigured sandstones. These structures are located in close proximity to the Ross Slide, which outcrops along a 2-km section on the northern coast of the Loop Head Peninsula, County Clare, Ireland. Dome- and ridge-shaped deformational sandstone bodies, dykes and volcanoes are interpreted to be the product of remobilization of a turbiditic sandstone. Liquification and remobilization were triggered by translation, cessation and loading of the underlying turbiditic sandstone by the Ross Slide. Deformational sand body, dyke and volcano development occurred in an asynchronous fashion with deformational sand bodies formed during slump translation. Sand dykes and volcanoes developed after the cessation of slump movement. During slump translation, the minimum principal stress (σ₃) was orientated vertically and the slump behaved in a `ductile' manner. After slump arrest, the minimum principal stress was oriented horizontally, and the unit regained shear strength to behave in a `brittle' manner. The relative change in rheological states with changing applied shear stress is indicative of thixotropic-like behaviour within the slump mass. Ridge-shaped deformational sand bodies are aligned parallel to slump folds, and their morphology is inferred to be controlled by compressional slump deformation associated with heterogeneous cessation of slump movement that was initiated by frontal arrest of the translating mass.  相似文献   

Sedimentary facies analysis and depositional model of gravity-flow deposits of the Yanchang Formation,southwestern Ordos Basin,NW China     

F. Liu  Y. Li  M. Xue  J. Sun 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2016,63(7):885-902

During the deposition of the Chang-7 (Ch-7) and Chang-6 (Ch-6) units in the Upper Triassic, gravity flows were developed widely in a deep lake in the southwestern Ordos Basin, China. Based on cores, outcrops, well-logs and well-testing data, this paper documents the sedimentary characteristics of the gravity-flow deposits and constructs a depositional model. Gravity-flow deposits in the study area comprise seven lithofacies types, which are categorised into four groups: slides and slumps, debris-flow-dominated lithofacies, turbidity-current-dominated lithofacies, and deep-water mudstone-dominated lithofacies. The seven lithofacies form two sedimentary entities: sub-lacustrine fan and the slump olistolith, made up of three and two lithofacies associations, respectively. Lithofacies association 1 is a channel–levee complex with fining-/thinning-upward sequences whose main part is characterised by sandy debris flow-dominated, thick-bedded massive sandstones. Lithofacies association 2 represents distributary channelised lobes of sub-lacustrine fans, which can be further subdivided into distributary channel, channel lateral margin and inter-channel. Lithofacies association 3 is marked by non-channelised lobes of sub-lacustrine fans, including sheet-like turbidites and deep-lake mudstones. Lithofacies association 4 is represented by proximal lobes of slump olistolith, consisting of slides and slumps. Lithofacies association 5 is marked by distal lobes of slump olistolith, comprising tongue-shaped debris flow lobes and turbidite lobes. It is characterised by sandy debris flow, muddy debris flow-dominated sandstone and sandstone with classic Bouma sequences. Several factors caused the generation of gravity flows in the Ordos Basin, including sediment supply, terrain slope and external triggers, such as volcanisms, earthquakes and seasonal floods. The sediment supply of sub-lacustrine fan was most likely from seasonal floods with a high net-to-gross and incised channels. Triggered by volcanisms and earthquakes, the slump olistolith is deposited by the slumping and secondary transport of unconsolidated sediments in the delta front or prodelta with a low net-to-gross and no incised channels.  相似文献   

The deep-lake deposit in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin, China and its significance for oil-gas accumulation     

CHEN QuanHong  LI WenHou  GAO YongXiang  GUO YanQin  FENG JuanPing  ZHANG DaoFeng  CAO HongXia  LIANG JiWei 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(Z2):47-58

The deep-lake facies of the Yanchang Formation represents a large outflowing lake basin in the Ordos area. Its deposition can be divided into four stages lake genetic and expanding stage, peak stage, inversion stage and dying stage. All the stages are obviously consistent with the evolution of depositional environment and the paleoclimate in the region. The study indicates that the lake basin has evolution fluctuations from highstand to lowstand for four times in its evolution history, and the deposition center of the lake has not obviously moved, staying along the Huachi-Yijun belt. The deep lake sedimentary system mainly consists of deep water deltas and turbidite fans during the entire evolution course of the lake basin in the Late Triassic. The former mainly developed on the slope of steep shore of the delta in the early period of the deep-water expansion and gradually experienced a big shift from deep-water deltas to shallow-water platform delta. And the latter appeared almost in all the above stages and had two types of turbidite fans, slope-moving turbidite fans and slump turbidite fans. The slope-moving turbidite fans have relatively complete facies belts overlapping one another vertically and consist of the slope channel of inter fans, the turbidite channel, inter turbidite channel and turbidite channel front of middle fans and outer fans (or lakebottom plain). However, the slide-moving turbidity fans are formed in the deep lake with their microfacies difficult to be distinguished, and only the center microfacies and edge microfacies can be determined. The two types of the turbidity fans are similarly distributing in the near-root-slope and far-root-slope regions. The deep-lake deposition governs the distribution of the hydrocarbon and reservoir, while the slope-moving turbidite fans are excellent reservoirs for oil-gas exploration due to their great thickness, widespread distribution and accumulation properties.  相似文献   

西藏易贡滑坡物质运动全过程数值模拟研究     

柴贺军  王士天  许强  黄润秋  范相德 《地质灾害与环境保护》2001,12(2):1-3,82

2000年4月9日20时05分，西藏波密县易贡乡发生的大型山体崩滑，造成极大危害。在野外调查基础上，运用离散单元法模拟该崩滑体破坏、运动的全过程，此次灾害为扎木弄沟源头的山体崩塌，振动引起沟内崩坡积物发生沙土液化而随崩塌体一起运动，形成高速碎屑流的破坏运动机制，与实际情况较为吻合。  相似文献   

黄河断流后三角洲(水上平原)的滑塌构造研究   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8  

钟建华  李理 《沉积学报》2000,18(1):7-12

黄河断流后三角洲 (水上平原 )上的滑塌构造非常发育,在分流河道中几乎随处可见,它们主要发育在边滩、心滩外缘、周缘或内部的水道中,还可以发育在河床上。滑塌作用形成了三种产物:滑塌壁或滑塌缝 滑塌体和滑塌碎块及滑塌变形基底。滑塌壁或滑塌缝按力学机制可能分为两种类型 一种是张性 另一种是剪性。滑塌壁或滑塌缝的规模不一,大者长度可超过十余米,甚至二十余米,小者长度只有 3～ 5cm 滑塌体规模差别也较大,大者高度可超过 1m,长度可达 3～ 4m 小者高度和长度仅数cm。通过观察发现,滑塌构造的产生与波浪的掏洗和流水冲蚀有关,与地震和斜坡滑动关系不大。黄河断流后在某些低洼河道积水成“湖”,“湖”水在风的作用下形成波浪。波浪不断拍击导致边滩、心滩产生滑塌,形成一系列相应的滑塌构造 再者,黄河断流后边滩、心滩广泛暴露,黄河三角洲地区降雨后使边滩、心滩和河床上汇集成径流,径流的冲蚀也可以形成一系列滑塌构造。有的滑塌构造被风成砂埋藏后很容易被何存下来,而充填滑塌缝之间的风成砂经成岩作用之后则有可能转变成砂岩岩墙。  相似文献   

内蒙古白云鄂博南东黑脑包腮林忽洞群下部发现地震滑塌岩块   总被引：16，自引：7，他引：16  

吕洪波章雨旭  肖国望张绮玲 《地质论评》2006,52(2):163-169

笔者等在内蒙古白云鄂博铁铌稀土矿床东南约25km处的达尔罕茂明安联合旗黑脑包腮林忽洞群下部发现一个厚30余米、呈北西向延伸的滑塌岩块。滑塌岩块的岩性主要为薄层黄灰色微晶灰岩与青灰色泥质微晶灰岩互层，单层厚多为1～2cm。风化面上可见青灰色泥质灰岩层抗风化能力较强，呈突出状。青灰色薄层泥灰岩在宏观上即见大量层间破碎，几乎层层都被小的同生断裂错开，有的薄层被分割成叠瓦状的碎块，有的被邻层的泥质贯入而分割成一个个竹节状块体（即布丁构造）。同生小断裂和布丁构造为同沉积期的地震造成，因此，发育同沉积布丁构造的薄层微晶灰岩可以看作是典型的震积岩。整个岩块发生了强烈的褶皱变形，且变形强度自下而上逐渐变弱。岩层在下部强烈褶皱，向上规模和强度都逐渐变小，直到变为未变形的平直岩层，具有明显的不协调性。这种褶皱是岩块受地震影响而整体滑塌过程中的变形记录。震积岩和滑塌褶皱都揭示了盆地边界的拉张背景，同时指示盆地自南东向北西水体变深的地貌格局。这一发现表明，腮林忽洞群沉积的早期就已有地震事件发生，与已知的腮四组震积岩和腮五组微晶丘一起，表明腮林忽洞群沉积时期，本地先后至少有两个阶段处于不稳定的地震活跃阶段。腮林忽洞群可能相当于白云鄂博群的下部，后者中产著名的白云鄂博铁铌稀土矿床，成矿的同位素年龄值有2．1～0．4Ga多种不同的结果，但多位微体古生物学者均认为是震旦纪至奥陶纪，且在腮林忽洞群中还发现了三叶虫碎片，故作者等在本文取信腮林忽洞群为寒武纪～奥陶纪。在腮林忽洞群顶部产有厚近百米的微晶丘，与白云鄂博矿区的赋矿白云岩相当，可能均是热水沉积形成。所以，本文对于认识白云鄂博地区腮林忽洞群沉积时（寒武纪-奥陶纪？）的大地构造性质及白云鄂博矿床的成因具有重要意义。  相似文献   

西沙海槽沉积模式   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

熊斌辉  刘春成  郭瑞 《海洋地质译丛》2009,(4):1-9

晚中新世琼东南盆地快速构造沉降，沉积欠补偿形成了西沙海槽。西沙海槽上部高陡带为悬浮沉积体系，下部低缓带为浊流滑塌沉积体系，槽底平缓带为河流沉积体系。不同于浊流沉积小而散，深海河流沉积为稳定的贯穿整个海槽的大储层。由于深海河流沉积体系稳、远、大的特点，其注定成为世界深水油气勘探的主要目标。  相似文献   

重力驱动作用——滦平盆地下白垩统西瓜园组沉积时期主要的搬运机制   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

耳闯  顾家裕  牛嘉玉  程妮  韩少飞 《地质论评》2010,56(3):312-320

通过对冀北滦平盆地下白垩统西瓜园组沉积地层的实地考察,发现盆地内发育丰富的重力驱动作用沉积物。文中描述西瓜园组发育的滑动和滑塌现象,指出露头剖面中存在的挤压变形现象并非构造成因,而是由于滑动块体和滑塌块体前端的挤压应力环境造成的。在介绍西瓜园组重力流沉积发育环境的基础上,对露头中存在的若干重力流沉积进行了描述,并使用砂质碎屑流这一概念对这些现象进行了较为合理的成因解释。通过对滑动和滑塌(重力块体运动)和砂质碎屑流—浊流(重力流)沉积物研究,结合前人对该地区冲积扇—扇三角洲的研究成果,认为重力驱动作用是滦平盆地下白垩统西瓜园组沉积时期主要的搬运机制。  相似文献   

Shaking and splashing—A case study of far-field effects of the Mjølnir asteroid impact on depositional environments in the Barents Sea     

Rikke Bruhn  Jenő Nagy  Morten Smelror  Henning Dypvik  Sylfest Glimsdal  Richard Pegrum  Carlo Cavalli 《Basin Research》2023,35(2):620-641

The Mjølnir impact crater in the Norwegian Barents Sea features among the 20 largest impact craters listed in the Earth Impact Database. The impact is dated to 142 ± 2.6 Ma, corresponding closely to the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary in the Boreal stratigraphy. Multidisciplinary studies carried out over the last three decades have suggested that the up to 40 km wide crater was created by a 1–3 km diameter impactor colliding with a shallow epicontinental sea, causing regional havoc and a regional ecological crisis that followed in its wake. Only minor evidence for the consequences of the impact for the surrounding depositional basins has been documented so far. This study describes a large submarine slump penetrated by hydrocarbon exploration well 7121/9-1, located in the southern Hammerfest Basin and approximately 350 km away from the impact site. The slump is dated by a black shale drape, which contains characteristic impact-related biotic assemblages and potential ejecta material. This precise dating enables us to associate the slump with large-scale fault movements and footwall collapse along the basin-bounding Troms-Finnmark Fault Complex, which we conclude were caused by shock waves from the Mjølnir impact and the passage of associated tsunami trains. The draping black shale is interpreted to represent significant reworking of material from the contemporary seabed by tsunamis and currents set up by the impact.  相似文献   

内蒙古元宝山小建昌营子地区三面井组沉积环境     

陈井胜  邢德和  刘淼  张德军  马国祥  杨佳林  张志斌 《世界地质》2015,34(4):1013-1023

在进行内蒙古1∶5万区域地质调查工作中,对内蒙古赤峰元宝山镇小建昌营子一带的下二叠统三面井组砂岩进行了粒度分析。结果表明,萨胡成因环境判别值为10.66~10.76,沉积环境为河流相或三角洲相;弗里德曼粒度参数判别为陆相河砂沉积;浊流C-M判别图解显示沉积环境介于三角洲与浊流沉积之间。三面井组总体为一套河流相-三角洲前缘滑塌浊积扇沉积。滑塌浊积扇一般发育于深湖、半深湖区,结合本地区三面井组地层中缺乏海相碳酸盐岩沉积,综合认为本区的三面井组形成于河流-湖泊三角洲环境。  相似文献