网箱养殖罗非鱼综合症的病理组织学研究     

张永嘉  吴泽阳  刘小高  李思政  黄卫坚  许其爵  罗海年  林鼎旋 《广东海洋大学学报》1992,(2)

于1989至1992年对水库网箱养殖罗非鱼综合症各发病期、各症状型的病鱼进行了病理组织学研究。研究结果表明:网箱养殖罗非鱼综合症的病理基础是肝肾功能障碍,病鱼的肝、肾、脾、肠、鳃、性腺、脑均有不同程度的坏死或变性。本文还对细菌继发性感染,各症状型的病理学变化及防治对策作了讨论。  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal variability of small copepods (especially Oithona plumifera) in shallow nearshore waters off the south coast of South Africa   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Francesca Porri  Christopher D. McQuaid  William P. Froneman 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,72(4):711-720

Although small copepods are one of the main dietary sources for many commercially important fish, their role in the pelagic trophic dynamics has traditionally been underestimated due to the methodology commonly used in plankton sampling. Temporal variation in abundance of adults and nauplii of small copepods (particularly Oithona plumifera) in nearshore waters on the south coast of South Africa was investigated fortnightly over 14 months at site (km) and location (100 m) scales. Sampling was within <500 m of the shore, where depth was ca. 10 m, using vertical hauls of an 80-μm mesh plankton net from 1 m above the seabed to the surface. Twenty-seven adult copepod taxa were recorded, but Oithona spp. was consistently the most abundant. Taxon richness was 7–19 on each sampling occasion. There was strong temporal variation (Oithona varied between 0 and 2300 m⁻³), but much of this was short-term variability (e.g. between consecutive sampling sessions), with no seasonality or other long-term discernable patterns. There were periods of consistently low numbers, but very high numbers often followed samples with low abundances. Nor was there spatial structure at the location scale, though numbers differed between sites. Despite considerable variability at the location scale within sites, Kenton consistently showed higher densities than High Rocks. Separate analyses, with Bonferroni adjustment, showed that this difference was significant on eight out of 21 occasions for Oithona, six for other pelagic copepods and three for nauplii. This suggests that hydrodynamics favour aggregation of plankton at Kenton. A high degree of short-term variability, with a tendency for aggregation of small zooplankton at certain sites has implications for both pelagic processes and food-web links between the benthic and pelagic environments.  相似文献   

卤虫的发育与蜕皮   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

廖承义  欧毓麟  程樱 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1990,(2)

我国北方孤雌生殖卤虫在盐度为60,水温为19—28℃的条件下,自卵内孵出无节幼虫长成至性成熟产仔(无节幼虫或卵),需经蜕皮12—15次,其中多数为14次,历时15—18天,随后每次产仔即行蜕皮一次,本文描述了卤虫各个不同令期发育的外部形态变化,并根据其蜕皮次数和形态特征,将卤虫的发育分为十五令(15th instar)。此外还观察到在孤雌生殖的卵中有发育成为雄性的个体。  相似文献   

用纤维素乙酸平板电泳测定中国卤虫的同功酶变异(英文)     

张雷  CharlesE.king 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1991,(4)

本文报导了应用纤维素乙酸平板电泳方法,测定采于中国山东省东方红盐场卤虫(Artemia)的同功酶。经测定,8种同功酶其中有6种是多态的,即:苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、异柠檬酸酶(IDH)、谷氨酸草醋酸转移酶(GOT)、葡糖-6-磷酸盐脱氢酶(D6PHD)、6-磷酸萄糖脱氢酶(6PGDH)和磷酸葡糖异构酶(PGI)。本文所提供的研究方法,不仅适用于基础研究,而且在水产养殖业上有助于对卤虫的筛选和确证。  相似文献   

Long-term changes in ray populations in the North Sea   总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2  

Walker  P. A.; Heessen  H. J. L. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1996,53(6):1085-1093

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Cross-shelf distribution of copepods and the role of event-scale winds in a northern California upwelling zone     

Katherine M. Papastephanou  Stephen M. Bollens  Anne M. Slaughter 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2006,53(25-26):3078

Cross-shelf distribution and abundance of copepod nauplii and copepodids were measured during three summer upwelling seasons (2000–2002) in a coastal upwelling zone off northern California. These 3 years varied considerably in the intensity of winds, abundance of chlorophyll, and water temperature. The cruises in 2000 were characterized by relaxation conditions, with generally high levels of chlorophyll and high water temperature. The cruises in 2001 and 2002 were dominated by strong and persistent upwelling events, leading to lower chlorophyll and water temperatures. The copepod assemblage was dominated by Oithona spp., Acartia spp. and Pseudocalanus spp., with Metridia pacifica (lucens), Microsetella rosea, Oncaea spp. and Tortanus discaudatus also common during all 3 years. The cross-shelf distribution of copepods was generally shifted offshore during upwelling and onshore during relaxation events, although some variability between species occurred. Abundance of all life stages generally exhibited a negative correlation with cross-shelf transport averaged over at least 1–4 days and lagged by 0–3 days, indicating lower abundances during and immediately after active upwelling. However, copepod nauplii seemed to respond positively to wind events lasting 1–5 days followed by a period of relaxation lasting 6 or 7 days. These rapid rates of change in abundance are probably too great to be due to in situ growth and reproduction alone; physical processes must also play a role. These results suggest a highly dynamic relationship between copepods and upwelling events off northern California, with species-specific responses to upwelling to be expected.  相似文献   

鳗鲡气单胞菌引起的烂尾病病原菌抑菌药物的研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

樊海平  陈茂辉 《海洋湖沼通报》1995,(4):61-65

应用药敏纸片法研究了三株烂尾病病原菌（气单胞菌）对３１种药物及不同配合药物的敏感性，测定了４种药物及配合药物ＨＰ对三株菌的最低抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）及最低杀菌浓度（ＭＢＣ）。结果表明，配合药物ＨＰ具较强的抑菌能力。  相似文献   

Ex situ cultivation of Aplysinaaerophoba close to in situ conditions: ecological, biochemical and histological aspects     

Anne Klöppel  Martin Pfannkuchen  Annika Putz  Peter Proksch  & Franz Brümmer 《Marine Ecology》2008,29(2):259-272

Sponges provide the largest number of biologically active natural products known from the marine environment and continue to be a very well studied phylum of marine fauna. The Mediterranean sponge Aplysina aerophoba accumulates brominated isoxazoline alkaloids such as Aplysinamisin-1, Aerophobin-2, Isofistularin-3 and the biotransformation product Aeroplysinin-1, which possesses, for example, antibiotic and cytotoxic properties. Until now, it is still being discussed which organisms – the sponge itself or associated microorganisms – are responsible for metabolite production. For cultivating Aplysina individuals under ex situ conditions, we surveyed relevant ecological factors in situ and controlled them in our aquarium system. We maintained A. aerophoba for more than 9 months and analysed changes of metabolite content and composition, microbial association as well as morphology in situ and ex situ under different light exposure. Although sponges showed slight reduction during maintenance, ex situ cultivation similar to in situ conditions provides a promising method to keep sponges and obtain their bioactive metabolites.  相似文献   

凡纳滨对虾摄食诺氟沙星强化卤虫的药代动力学研究     

曹立民  李健  刘淇  王群 《海洋科学》2006,30(5):45-51

应用高效液相色谱法研究了凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)摄食诺氟沙星强化卤虫(Artemia)的药物代谢动力学。结果表明:强化4~8 h,卤虫体内的药物质量浓度达到最高,此后卤虫体内药物摄入和排除达到一个动态平衡;温度影响诺氟沙星在卤虫体内半衰期:体长3mm和6 mm的卤虫,在4,16,28℃时的半衰期分别为51.33,19.29,18.64 h和39.67,13.26,12.6 h。对虾摄食诺氟沙星强化的卤虫后,对虾组织中药物质量浓度经时过程符合一级吸收二室开放模型;投喂剂量对Tmax和Cmax影响较大,当对虾给药质量分数分别为800,400,200mg/kg时,肌肉中给药后出现最高血药的时间或达峰时间分别为0.403,0.540,0.481 h;肝胰脏中给药后出现最高血药的时间或达峰时间分别为0.826,1.839,1.469 h;肌肉中给药后的最高血药质量浓度分别为98.943,46.752,10.887 mg/L;肝胰脏中给药后的最高血药质量浓度分别为738.267,597.352,415.268 mg/L。药物在对虾肌肉的消除半衰期(约26.688 h)明显长于肝胰脏中消除半衰期(约13.988 h)。  相似文献   

塔玛亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻对黑褐新糠虾和卤虫的急性毒性作用   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9  

颜天  谭志军  李钧  于仁诚  王云峰  周名江 《海洋学报》2004,26(1):76-81

以黑褐新糠虾和卤虫为实验材料,研究了两种典型有毒有害赤潮藻,塔玛亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻的毒性.结果表明塔玛亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻都能影响糠虾的存活,在9 h内塔玛亚历山大藻和赤湖异弯藻对糠虾的半致死浓度分别约为7000和450 000个/cm3;在24 h内塔玛亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻对卤虫存活没有显著影响,而赤潮异弯藻能对卤虫的活力产生强烈的抑制作用,0.1,1.5,5和24 h的半抑制浓度分别为15 000,7500,4500,3000个/cm3,但在赤潮异弯藻较低浓度为3000个/cm3时,经过48 h卤虫的运动能力能够恢复到正常水平.结果表明,这两种有害藻对同一种生物的毒性大小存在差异,而这两种甲壳类生物对同一种有害藻的反应也不相同.  相似文献