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《Geoforum》2014
Biosecurity, in broad terms, aims to reduce the impact and incidence of threats to life through regulatory means. For reasons we raise in this paper, such regulation can often lead to the specification of disease free processes within the food and farming industry, with biosecurity success measured in terms of the degree of compliance with and allegiance to modern farming practice. We counter this progressive narrative in three ways. First we draw on UK-based qualitative fieldwork with vets, farmers and pigs to demonstrate how biosecure farming and disease freedom are translated and qualified, in practice, to pathogen free, pathogen management and ultimately to configuring health through immunity management. Second, these translations demonstrate how building health is dependent on spatial and microbiological diversity rather than uniformity. Crucially, health involves patch-work and situated knowledge practices that are under threat within an industry increasingly marked by control and homogeneity. Third, in conceptual terms, we argue that while pig farming is organised through both biosecurity and a biopolitical regulation of life, immunity opens up political space for exploring an alternative politics of life, one where farmers and others are not so much made responsible for disease prevention, but make valued contributions to understandings of animal health and food security. 相似文献
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Sea cucumbers, Apostichopus japonicus Selenka, were fed diets containing non-immunostimulant (basal diet), 0.2% β-glucan and 0.02% glycyrrhizin in a recirculatory
water system for 45 days, and subsequently challenged with Vibrio splendidus by injection at 1.0×108 cfu / sea cucumber for 15 days. Phagocytic capacity (PC), intracellular superoxide anion production (ISAP), lysozyme (LSZ)
activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the coelomic fluid were analyzed on the 0th, 5th, 10th and 15th days after injection. Results showed that after the 45-day feeding period, PC, ISAP, LSZ activity and SOD activity in sea
cucumbers fed with dietary β-glucan or glycyrrhizin were significantly higher than in those fed with the basal diet. On the
5th day after infection, all the immune parameters examined in the sea cucumbers injected with V. splendidus decreased in value significantly. On the 15th day, PC, ISAP and LSZ activity returned to levels similar to those on the 0th day. For the sea cucumbers injected with saline, there were no significant differences in all the immune parameters examined
and in the cumulative morbidity during the 15-day challenging trial. After injecting with V. splendidus, the cumulative morbidity of sea cucumbers fed with the basal diet was significantly higher than those fed with dietary β-glucan
or glycyrrhizin when challenged with V. splendidus challenged sea cucumber fed with the basal diet was significantly higher than those fed with dietary β-glucan or glycyrrhizin.
There was no significant difference in cumulative morbidity between the dietary β-glucan and glycyrrhizin treatments over
time. 相似文献
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试论生态水——生态水在我们生活中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从各个角度阐述了生态水的概念和作用机理,介绍了生态水在我们生活(饲养业、饮料业、美容业及医药业等)中的应用及在疾病防治中的作用。最后简单说明了生态水的优缺点。 相似文献
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Bivalve population health: Multistress to identify hot spots 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
X. de Montaudouin I. Paul-Pont P. Gonzalez F. Jude M. Baudrimont F. Le Grand L. Bourasseau 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(8):1307-118
This study investigated some stress (metals, parasites) and response (immunity, metallothionein) factors in two cockle and two Manila clam populations. Data from eight seasons were averaged to obtain global baseline values. Stress/response characteristics of each population were compared to population health status that was determined through population dynamics parameters. Four different scenarios were discussed: (1) a lightly stressed cockle population with correct population health but with a risk of deterioration (hot spot); (2) a lightly stressed introduced cockle population threatened of extinction. In this case ecological factors were suspected; (3) a moderately stressed clam population with moderate adaptative response. The population was sustainable but the level of stress should not increase (hotspot); and (4) a stressed clam population and unfavourable ecological conditions preventing clam settlement. This monitoring highlighted that the discrepancy between population health and stress levels could be due to insufficient response by bivalves and/or by unfavourable ecological factors. 相似文献
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在一种实用饲料配方(粗蛋白28%,豆粕18%)的基础上,用菜粕、棉粕按1∶2的比例等量替代豆粕(6%、12%、18%)作为蛋白源配制成三种等能等氮的无鱼粉饲料,在室内饲养奥尼罗非鱼[Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus,平均体重为(4.22±0.09)g]8周。结果表明,菜粕、棉粕替代不同水平豆粕对罗非鱼的生长、饲料利用和机体免疫力均产生了显著的影响(P<0.05)。随菜粕、棉粕替代水平的增加,罗非鱼的生长、饲料利用和体蛋白含量均显著下降(P<0.05),而以无豆粕组影响最大。鱼体肝脂含量、肝体比(HSI)以及脏体比(VR)在组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。无豆粕组血清GPT、GOT酶活力显著升高(P<0.05),而血清SOD、LZ酶活力显著降低(P<0.05)。配方中棉粕和菜粕的总量超过52%对罗非鱼是不安全的。 相似文献
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采用基因工程的方法,将副溶血弧菌的热稳定直接溶血素基因tdh2和鳗弧菌外膜蛋白基因ompU进行融合,在大肠杆菌中得到表达,并利用该融合基因构建二联DNA疫苗pEGFP．N1／tdh2-ompU。用DNA疫苗按10和50μg／尾的剂量通过肌肉注射免疫大菱鲆,对大菱鲆抵抗致病性副溶血弧菌和鳗弧菌的免疫效果进行研究。结果表明... 相似文献
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Does heavy oil pollution induce bacterial diseases in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus? 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Jun-Young Song Kei Nakayama Yasunori Murakami Sung-Ju Jung Myung-Joo Oh Satoru Matsuoka Hidemasa Kawakami Shin-Ichi Kitamura 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):889
As basic research for the effect of heavy oil on the fish immune system, in this study, the number of leukocyte was counted in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, after exposure to heavy oil at a concentration of 30 g/8 L for 3 days. To compare the numbers of bacteria in the skin mucus between oil-exposed and control fish, viable bacteria were enumerated by counting colony forming unit (CFU). Compared with 5.79 ± 1.88 × 107 leukocytes/mL in the controls, the exposed fish demonstrated higher counts, averaging 1.45 ± 0.45 × 108 cells/mL. The bacterial numbers of control fish were 4.27 ± 3.68 × 104 CFU/g, whereas they were 4.58 ± 1.63 × 105 CFU/g in the exposed fish. The results suggest that immune suppression of the fish occurred due to heavy oil stressor, and bacteria could invade in the mucus, resulting in the increasing leukocyte number to prevent infectious disease. 相似文献
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The Sabaudia's lake consists of a protected coastal lagoon, located in the central Italy, historically characterized by recurrent mortality events of marine fauna during warmer months. A field study was monthly conducted on mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis cultivated inside the lagoon, measuring hemocyte parameters as total circulating count (THC), viability (HV), spreading and oxidative response to in vitro phagocytosis stimulation. A depression of the immune response was observed during the spring season, as indicated by higher values of hemocyte circularity and lower luminescence levels related to respiratory burst, also associated to modulation of THC and HV. The water temperature and the oxygen concentration appeared as the major environmental factors having influence on the phagocytosis activity. Therefore, the hemocyte variations have been intended as early danger signal to evaluate the immunodepression induced by the environmental stressors which could reveal in advance the development of critical situations for mussel survival. 相似文献
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