鹧鸪菜组织和细胞培养的研究Ⅳ.藻体任意碎片的培养与损伤藻体再生的观察     

王志勇 《海洋湖沼通报》1991,(1)

把鹧鸪菜藻体切成大小不同的切段、以及任意切碎,培养于添加氮、磷素的消毒海水中,后者分10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃四种不同温度条件培养,结果全部切段、切碎片都很快再生出假根附着于基质,并再生出一至多个叶状体;叶状体长大后从基部长出新的假根成为完整的幼苗(再生苗)。试验表明,大的切段其再生苗生长快、长度大,但出苗率(一定长度的藻体长出再生苗数量)低。培养温度较高时(20—25℃),藻体任意切碎片再生速度快、附着速度快、数量多且较牢固。利用藻体切碎片来培养鹧鸪菜幼苗是可行的;培养的适宜温度为20℃以上、海水比重为1.010左右。本文还对鹧鸪菜损伤藻体再生的情况(繁殖生殖学)进行一些观察和描述。  相似文献   

A combined pyrolysis mass spectrometric and light microscopic study of peatified Calluna wood isolated from raised bog peat deposits     

Edwin van der Heijden  Jaap J. Boon 《Organic Geochemistry》1994,22(6)

Stem wood of the Angiosperm Calluna vulgaris (Scotch heather), isolated at different depths from a selection of raised bog peat deposits, was chemically characterized using in-source pyrolysis mass spectrometry (Py-MS) and Curie-point pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). Light microscopy was performed to relate mass spectrometric characteristics with anatomical features. Peatified wood samples, isolated from increasing depth show a gradual decrease in carbohydrate content. This decrease in anatomically reflected in a selective removal of secondary cell wall material from the fibre-tracheids and wood parenchyma. During prolonged peatification a selective removal of hemicellulose sugars is observed, while a part of the cellulose fraction is preserved. This highly resistant cellulose is mainly located in the secondary cell walls of the vessels. The lignin macromolecule is preserved, but a gradual decrease in syringyl to guaiacyl ratio (S/G) is observed during peatification. Because no increase in catechol and phenolic compounds is observed, we conclude that S/G shifts are due to removal the of syringyl-rich secondary cell wall material and the retention of guaiacyl-rich compound middle lamella. Small chemical changes in the lignin macromolecule involve shifts in oxygen substitutions on the aliphatic side chains of the methoxyphenolics and the occurrence of aromatic acids.  相似文献   

Hg~(2+)对水鳖(Hydrocharis dubia)叶片生理生化及超微结构的毒害效应     

郝怀庆  施国新  杜开和  徐勤松 《湖泊科学》2001,(2)

研究了不同浓度Hg2 +对水鳖叶片光合放氧速率、呼吸速率、细胞膜透性、硝酸还原酶活性以及超微结构的毒害影响 .结果表明 ,随着Hg2 +浓度的增加 ,水鳖叶片的光合放氧速率逐渐下降 ,呼吸速率、硝酸还原酶活性先升后降 ,而细胞膜透性则逐渐上升 .电镜观察发现 ,水鳖叶细胞遭受Hg2 +毒害初期 ,染色质凝集 ,叶绿体中类囊体片层以及线粒体嵴突膨胀 .随着叶细胞遭受毒害程度的加深 ,核膜破裂 ,染色质与核质消失 ,叶绿体膨胀解体 ,线粒体空泡化  相似文献   

On Liaoximordellidae Fam. Nov. (Coleoptera, Insecta) from the Jurassic of Western Liaoning, China     

Wang Wenli Institute of Natural History  Beijing Natural History Museum Yang Zunyi 《《地质学报》英文版》1993,67(3)

A new insect family Liaoximordellidae (fam. nov.) has been named for a well-preserved specimen which was collected from the Upper Jurassic outcropping west of Daxinfangzi Village, Lingyuan County, Liaoning Province. The specimen can not be put into Mordellidae or Praemordellidae because it possesses some original and intermediate characters in morphology. It serves the study of mordellid evolution. Besides, the fossil group associated with the insect is important for the stratigraphic division of the Mesozoic in western Liaoning.  相似文献   

南京太平门地段雪松树年轮及其根土中化学元素含量的相关性研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

钱君龙  柯晓康 《地理科学》1998,18(4):374-378

１９９４年在南京市太平门街道采集了五株雪松的年轮样及其根部土壤（黄棕壤ｐＨ＝６．６８）,分别测定了Ｌｉ、Ａｌ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ、Ｂａ和Ｐｂ等１１种化学元素含量,实测结果验证了雪松年轮与其根部当年土壤中化学元素含量满足对数线性相关模式;ｌｇＣ′（Ｚ,ｔ）＝ａ（Ｚ）＋ｂ（Ｚ）ｌｇＣ（Ｚ,ｔ）。根据年轮元素含量Ｃ（Ｚ,ｔ）可以重建过去根土中元素含量Ｃ′（Ｚ,ｔ）,即反映环境（土壤）中元素含量的逐年演变的年份序列。利用Ｃ（Ｚ,ｔ）中最低含量可估算该地段黄棕壤的土壤元素背景值。  相似文献   

青藏高原东北部观赏地被植物马蔺根系固土护坡效应研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘亚斌  李湘  余冬梅  马政  吉海龙  王芃  胡夏嵩  朱海丽  李国荣 《盐湖研究》2022,30(3)

为了进一步丰富青藏高原东北部地区植被护坡工程植物选择,推动区内植被护坡工程实用性和观赏性兼顾发展。该项研究以青藏高原东北部观赏地被植物马蔺为研究对象,以青海省大通县朔北藏族乡至东峡镇之间区域为研究区,在野外植物分布特征和生长特征调查的基础上,结合单根拉伸试验和重塑根-土复合体三轴压缩试验,定量评价了野生马蔺植株和根系生长特征、单根抗拉特性以及根系对土体抗剪强度的增强效应。试验结果表明：马蔺主要分布在研究区内洪积扇、坡积裙和河漫滩等地貌单元,立地条件包括上述地貌单元内的林下坡地、田间、道旁、湿地、荒地等;通过选取两处试验区开展调查可知,马蔺平均株高、冠幅和植株密度分别为75.22±11.40 cm、106.09±25.62 cm和1.51±0.55 株/m2;马蔺标准株根系分布深度可达50 cm,主要分布在0~30 cm深度范围内,根幅约40~50 cm;马蔺根径为0.20～0.70 mm,单根抗拉力、抗拉强度和延伸率平均值分别为7.94±2.91 N,46.30± 11.06 MPa和54.17%±17.08%,随着根径的增大,单根抗拉力和单根抗拉强度分别呈幂函数增大和幂函数降低关系,单根极限延伸率随着根径的增大呈逐渐增大变化趋势,但二者之间未表现出相对显著性的关系;马蔺根系对土体黏聚力和内摩擦角均有增强作用,可分别显著增强0~30 cm和0~10 cm深度范围内土体黏聚力和内摩擦角,且对土体黏聚力的增强作用较为显著。该项研究成果对于选用观赏地被植物马蔺进行研究区坡面水土流失、浅层滑坡等地质灾害现象的生态防护工作,具有理论研究价值和实际指导意义。  相似文献   

浙江洞头不同品系羊栖菜的栽培性状及ISSR分析     

徐佳丽  骆其君  严小军 《海洋学研究》2014,32(2):74-79

浙江洞头栽培的羊栖菜具有不同来源,通过定期测定5种不同品系羊栖菜(原始采集地分别是韩国、浙江洞头、浙江南麂列岛、浙江东极岛及广东汕头)的栽培性状,发现在生长阶段后期,各品系在株重和株高方面都存在显著性差异,原始亲本引自韩国的羊栖菜品系较其他品系具有更好的生长优势,可作为育苗选种目标品系。利用ISSR分子标记技术对这5种羊栖菜品系进行遗传多样性分析,结果显示,从36条引物中筛选出的11条引物,经PCR扩增得到219条羊栖菜DNA片段,其中多态性片段为129条,多态性条带比率达58.9%;5个羊栖菜品系之间的遗传距离为0.151 0~0.382 4,且聚在一起,同属的鼠尾藻在最外群。本研究从DNA分子水平上揭示了目前洞头养殖的羊栖菜品系遗传多态性偏低,为今后开展羊栖菜种质资源保护及其优良苗种的选育提供了一定的理论参考。  相似文献   

外源Ca²⁺对藏药独一味幼苗速冷冻抗性的效应   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

蔡子平  陈垣  郭凤霞  李新荣  王宏霞  王三喜  李耀明  朱军 《中国沙漠》2009,29(5):928-932

 利用不同浓度CaCl₂喷施独一味两对叶龄幼苗,然后分别迅速置不同低温（4 ℃、0 ℃和-4 ℃）处理48 h,以28 ℃为对照,处理结束测定幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、细胞膜稳态性、抗氧化酶活性和膜质过氧化等指标的变化,旨在揭示外源Ca2+对提高独一味幼苗速冷冻抗性的作用效应,为独一味人工驯化栽培提供理论依据。结果表明,独一味幼苗对0 ℃及以上低温速冷冻表现较强的适应性。喷施15 mmol\5L-1的CaCl2能显著诱导增强独一味幼苗叶中SOD、POD活性,降低膜质过氧化程度,增强细胞膜系统的稳定性,有效改善独一味幼苗的速冷冻抗性,缓解速冷冻胁迫对幼苗的伤害,使叶绿素含量维持在较高水平,为适宜条件下迅速恢复生长奠定了良好基础。  相似文献   

Accretion of a New England (U.S.A.) Salt Marsh in Response to Inlet Migration, Storms, and Sea-level Rise     

C.T. Roman  J.A. Peck  J.R. Allen  J.W. King  P.G. Appleby 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1997,45(6):717-727

Sediment accumulation rates were determined at several sites throughout Nauset Marsh (Massachusetts, U.S.A.), a back-barrier lagoonal system, using feldspar marker horizons to evaluate short-term rates (1 to 2 year scales) and radiometric techniques to estimate rates over longer time scales (¹³⁷Cs,²¹⁰Pb,¹⁴C). The barrier spit fronting theSpartina-dominated study site has a complex geomorphic history of inlet migration and overwash events. This study evaluates sediment accumulation rates in relation to inlet migration, storm events and sea-level rise. The marker horizon technique displayed strong temporal and spatial variability in response to storm events and proximity to the inlet. Sediment accumulation rates of up to 24 mm year⁻¹were recorded in the immediate vicinity of the inlet during a period that included several major coastal storms, while feldspar sites remote from the inlet had substantially lower rates (trace accumulation to 2·2 mm year⁻¹). During storm-free periods, accumulation rates did not exceed 6·7 mm year⁻¹, but remained quite variable among sites. Based on¹³⁷Cs (3·8 to 4·5 mm year⁻¹) and²¹⁰Pb (2·6 to 4·2 mm year⁻¹) radiometric techniques, integrating sediment accumulation over decadal time scales, the marsh appeared to be keeping pace with the relative rate of sea-level rise from 1921 to 1993 of 2·4 mm year⁻¹. At one site, the²¹⁰Pb-based sedimentation rate and rate of relative sea-level rise were nearly similar and peat rhizome analysis revealed thatDistichlis spicatarecently replaced this onceS. patenssite, suggesting that this portion of Nauset Marsh may be getting wetter, thus representing an initial response to wetland submergence. Horizon markers are useful in evaluating the role of short-term events, such as storms or inlet migration, influencing marsh sedimentation processes. However, sampling methods that integrate marsh sedimentation over decadal time scales are preferable when evaluating a systems response to sea-level rise.  相似文献   

超大型矿床的探寻与研究的若干进展   总被引：27，自引：3，他引：27  

涂光炽 《地学前缘》1994,(3)

本文主要讨论最近两年国内外探寻与研究超大型矿床所取得的若干进展。内容涉及：超大型矿床与类似名词定义、典型剖析、超大型矿床分类、矿化类型、全球背景研究等问题。在简要介绍国内外超大型矿床研究现状后，文中提出，结合我国矿产地质实际，宜以１９８７年国家储量委员会规定之大型矿床５倍储量为超大型矿床下限。超大型矿床可暂分三类：第一类之同类型大、中、小型矿分布甚广；第二类则反之，同类型矿床极罕见；第三类为过渡类型。笔者指出，不少有色金属在超大型矿床的矿化类型上有强烈选择性，即某一矿种虽可存在多种矿化类型，但一般仅一、二种类型可形成超大型矿床。提出这一点对寻找超大型矿床十分重要。文中举出若干实例，论证对某些超大型矿床进行全球背景研究之必要及超大型矿床研究可提高成矿理论水平。  相似文献