Study of the flood control scheduling scheme for the Three Gorges Reservoir in a catastrophic flood          下载免费PDF全文

Shanghong Zhang  Zhu Jing  Wenda Li  Yujun Yi  Yong Zhao 《水文研究》2018,32(11):1625-1634

The Three Gorges Project is the world's largest water conservancy project. According to the design standards for the 1,000‐year flood, flood diversion areas in the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River must be utilized to ensure the safety of the Jingjiang area and the city of Wuhan. However, once these areas are used, the economic and life loss in these areas may be very great. Therefore, it is vital to reduce this loss by developing a scheme that reduces the use of the flood diversion areas through flood regulation by the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), under the premise of ensuring the safety of the Three Gorges Dam. For a 1,000‐year flood on the basis of a highly destructive flood in 1954, this paper evaluates scheduling schemes in which flood diversion areas are or are not used. The schemes are simulated based on 2.5‐m resolution reservoir topography and an optimized model of dynamic capacity flood regulation. The simulation results show the following. (a) In accord with the normal flood‐control regulation discharge, the maximum water level above the dam should be not more than 175 m, which ensures the safety of the dam and reservoir area. However, it is necessary to utilize the flood diversion areas within the Jingjiang area, and flood discharge can reach 2.81 billion m³. (b) In the case of relying on the TGR to impound floodwaters independently rather than using the flood diversion areas, the maximum water level above the dam reaches 177.35 m, which is less than the flood check level of 180.4 m to ensure the safety of the Three Gorges Dam. The average increase of the TGR water level in the Chongqing area is not more than 0.11 m, which indicates no significant effect on the upstream reservoir area. Comparing the various scheduling schemes, when the flood diversion areas are not used, it is believed that the TGR can execute safe flood control for a 1,000‐year flood, thereby greatly reducing flood damage.  相似文献   

青海省沙柳河南区有色金属矿成矿物质来源及矿床成矿模式探讨     

马永铨  姜洪成 《青海国土经略》1994,(1)

本文简述了沙柳河南区有色金属矿床的基本特征。通过对成矿热液及成矿物质的来源与性质的研究,认为该矿床的成因类型为火山沉积—接触交代改造叠加型,进而探讨了该矿床的成矿模式。  相似文献   

Statistical analysis of surface hydrography and circulation variations in northern South China Sea     

吴玲娟  崔茂常 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2005,23(4):383-392

1 INTRODUCTIONThe South China Sea (SCS) is a semi-enclosedmarginal sea in western North Pacific Ocean withvery complex topography and is the important pas-sage connecting the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Ithas great impact to the global climate and a greatinterest of many oceanography researchers. Twodominant surface hydrographic and circulation fea-tures in the northern SCS are a strong fresh waterexpansion and a warm and high-salinity seawaterintrusion such as the SCS Diluted Water…  相似文献   

The Dependence of Water Exchanges between the Kuroshio Water and Its Surroundings on the Characteristics of the Kuroshio‘s Meanders     

姜华  吴德星  万修全 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2003,21(4):335-344

Observation of fluid parcel pathways in the Kuroshio Stream revealed a striking crossstream pattern associated with the Kuroshio‘‘ s meanders. In order to understand the observed pattern, a two-dimensional kinematic model of a meandering jet was developed which could be used to examine the relationship between streamfunction patterns and fluid parcel trajectories. The experiments designed to investigate the dependence of the water exchanges between the Kuroshio water and its surroundings on the characteristics of the Kuroshio‘‘s meanders involved the downstream speed,phase speed and the amplitude of other propagating waves. The results suggested that fluid parcels could cross the meandering jet to and fro; and that the water exchanges between the Kuroshio and its surroundings increased with a) increasing meander amplitude, b) decreasing downstream speed, and c) increasing wave phase speed. The results also showed that when the meandering jet was disturbed by other propagating waves, more effective water exchanges could be induced.  相似文献   

Source mechanism of mining induced seismic events — Resolution of double couple and non double couple models     

Jan &#x;ílený  Alexander Milev 《Tectonophysics》2008,456(1-2):3

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中国甘肃省酒泉地区公婆泉盆地早白垩世恐龙化石   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

尤海鲁  罗哲西 《地质学报》2008,82(1):139-144

中国甘肃省酒泉地区公婆泉盆地下白垩统新民堡群的恐龙化石主要由1992年中日丝绸之路恐龙考察计划和1997~2000年中美马鬃山恐龙考察计划发掘和研究。先后发现的恐龙包括兽脚类、蜥脚类、禽龙类和新角龙类等。这一新的公婆泉恐龙组合的主要特征是同时包含了在晚白垩世占主导地位的几类恐龙的基干分子,如戈壁巨龙(Gobititan)是巨龙型类的基干分子,马鬃龙(Equijubus)是鸭嘴龙型类的基干分子,而古角龙(Archaeoceratops)和黎明角龙(Auroraceratops)是新角龙类的基干分子。公婆泉恐龙组合的另一特征是其某些成员的体型较大,如似鸟龙类和镰刀龙类恐龙是同期同类中最大的。比较研究发现,公婆泉盆地新民堡群的恐龙和辽西热河群的恐龙关系密切,但前者的整体来说要比后者进步。考虑到公婆泉盆地新民堡群的时代(Albian)较辽西热河群(Hauterivian晚期-Aptian早期)晚,公婆泉恐龙组合似应代表中国北方早白垩纪鹦鹉嘴龙恐龙动物群进化过程中较进步的一个阶段。  相似文献   

渤海湾盆地新生界生油岩系底界面温度分布   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

龚育龄  王良书  刘绍文  李成  韩用兵  李华  蔡进功 《地质科学》2008,43(1):1-11

依据渤海湾盆地2000余口测温井的地温梯度数据、地层岩性描述、分层数据以及钻井资料,计算了该盆地各生油岩系底界面的温度。统计结果表明:渤海湾盆地沙河街组大部分凹陷区地层底界面温度介于90℃至150℃,目前仍具有大量生油的温度条件,而在隆起或一些凸起地区,该地层组段温度普遍小于90℃,未能达到生油的温度指标。东营组和孔店组地层也仍具有一定的生油温度条件。研究还表明:地层温度与地层界面埋深密切相关,温度随界面埋深的增大而升高,沉积厚度大的凹陷区地层界面温度大于沉积厚度小的凸起区或斜坡地带,说明地层界面埋深是决定地温高低的主要控制因素,而地温梯度对地层界面温度的影响相对较小。  相似文献   

Ground motion estimation during the Kashmir earthquake of 8th October 2005   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

S. T. G. Raghukanth 《Natural Hazards》2008,46(1):1-13

In this article, analytical methods have been used to estimate ground motion during the 8 October 2005, Kashmir earthquake. Peak ground acceleration (PGA) values at several stations in the epicentral region have been estimated by empirical analytical source mechanism models. As an alternate analysis, PGA estimates have also been obtained using the stochastic finite fault seismological model. The estimated PGAs are compared with that obtained from damage values. A PGA contour map in the near-source region is provided. It is found that very near to the epicenter, PGA would have reached more than 1 g. It is demonstrated that empirical analytical models can be effectively used to estimate ground motion due to rupture of active faults.  相似文献   

冈底斯新近纪钾质火山作用:消减沉积物折返的地球化学与Sr-Nd-Pb同位素证据   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

魏瑞华  高永丰  侯增谦  孟祥金  杨竹森 《岩石学报》2008,24(2)

在冈底斯岩浆岩带的羊八井地区,林子宗火山岩系上部出现小规模的粗面质火山岩.岩石学与地球化学研究表明粗面岩与时空密切相关的大体积安山质-英安质-流纹质火山岩属于不同的火山岩系:碱性钾质系列与钙碱性系列.详细的地球化学研究证明林子宗晚期小体积钾质岩具有独立的岩浆源区,而非早期钙碱性系统低压岩浆过程演化的产物.粗面质熔岩SiO2含量为62.91%～64.63%,具有高K2O(7.52%～8.05%)、Al2O3(16.64%-17.35%)、低TiO2(0.59%～0.68%)与MsO(0.15%～0.77%).钾质熔岩富集LILE与LREE,亏损HFSE,具有高Rb/Sr(1.1～2.3)、Th/La(0.59～0.80)、Th/U(6.3～10.9)和低Ce/Pb(4.1～6.2)与Ba/Th(4.3～14.5)比值,其同位素组成变化范围分别是87Sr/86Sr(I)=0.7068～0.7075、143Nd/144Nd(I)=0.51241～0.51252、206Pb/204Pb=18.87～18.95、207Pb/204Pb=15.63～15.70和208Pb/204Pb=39.24～39.68.粗面岩的地球化学与同位素特征表明冈底斯新近纪钾质火山岩来源于角闪岩相的消减沉积物熔融.因此,羊八井新近纪钾质火山熔岩提供了印度-亚洲大陆碰撞早期消减沉积物折返的证据.  相似文献   

近190ka BP以来菲律宾海黑潮源区的碳酸盐旋回及其控制因素   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵京涛  常凤鸣  李铁刚  南青云  李青 《岩石学报》2008,24(6):1401-1410

对取自西菲律宾海黑潮源区的Ph05-5和WF3岩芯进行了CaCO3和钙质超微化石研究.在利用氧同位素曲线对比和AMS14C数据进行地层划分的基础上,结合钙质超微化石的碳酸盐溶解指数和初级生产力指标,分析了晚第四纪黑潮源区碳酸盐旋回特征及其控制因素.约190ka BP以来CaCO3含量整体上都表现为冰期高、间冰期低的"太平洋型"旋回特征,但菲律宾以东海区在末次冰期(MIS 4到MIS 2期)内部又显示出间冰段含量高、冰段含量低的"大西洋型"旋回特征.碳酸盐旋回的控制因素在黑潮源区内部也有明显的差异,菲律宾以东海区以碳酸盐溶解作用为主,初级生产力起次要作用;而台湾东南部海区的主要因素则是初级生产力变化引起的钙质生物输入量的波动.菲律宾以东海区末次冰期内部表现出的"大西洋型"旋回特征则是溶解作用和初级生产力共同影响的结果.  相似文献