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We report strong magnetic linear dichroism (MLD) at the Fe L23 and O K edges of the antiferromagnetic compound hematite -Fe2 O3 in high-resolution orientation- and temperature-dependent electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). Large intensity differences of corresponding spectral features are observed when the Fe L23 and O K edges are measured with momentum transfer either parallel or perpendicular to the magnetization. The resultant difference spectra for the Fe L23 edges is consistent with the MLD observed in X-ray absorption spectroscopy. For the first time we have observed MLD at the O K edge, where the magnetic origin of this dichroism is demonstrated by temperature-dependent investigations across the Morin transition temperature TM= 263 K, at which the Fe electron spins, i.e. the magnetic moments, rotate by 90°. The O K edge MLD is interpreted in terms of superexchange between the spins of the Fe 3d and O 2p electrons through overlapping Fe 3d and O 2p orbitals. The experiments were performed in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), yielding information about the anisotropic electronic structure at nanoscale spatial resolution when operated with a focused electron probe. The effects of MLD at the Fe L23 edges on the determination of Fe3+/Fe in hematite at submicrometre scale using different independent quantification methods are discussed. 相似文献
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J. Swain R. K. Shukla A. Raghunadha Rao J. K. Panigrahi N. R. Venkitachalam 《Journal of Earth System Science》2003,112(2):255-266
Time-series wind and wave measurements were carried out onboard INS Sagardhwani in the central Bay of Bengal during BOBMEX-99.
Various other marine meteorological and oceanographic measurements relevant to monsoon studies were also collected simultaneously.
The observed variations of wind and waves and the associated mixed layer depth (MLD) variability based on both temperature
and density criteria at 3 hourly intervals are presented in this paper as a case study. At the time-series location (13‡N,
87‡E) wind varied between 6 and 16m/s and the predominant direction was southwesterly. The significant wave height and period
varied from 1.9 to 3.7m and 8 to 13 s respectively. Some of the available statistical predictive methods for the determination
of MLD by forced mixing are utilized to test the extent of mechanical mixing within the top layer of water by the local wind
and wave activity. The same is extended to formulate a new empirical relation for gross estimation of effective depth within
which the sound energy is generally trapped during its transmission in the surface duct. The present analysis aiming for estimation
of observed MLD variability (35 to 75 m) using the suggested simple empirical relation reveals that, the mixed layer variability
observed during the experiment depends on both local ocean variability as well as remote forcing as reported earlier. 相似文献
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HMIPv6作为MIPv6的1种改进技术被提出以解决宏移动和微移动之间的切换管理机制问题。但是所引入的RCoA和LCoA的重复地址检测过程占据了切换延时的绝大部分,严重影响了切换效率,鉴于此,该文提出了1种基于MLD机制的DAD检测方案,并在理论上描述了该算法的实现过程。NS-2仿真结果表明该方案优化了切换算法,提高了切换效率,改善了移动性管理。 相似文献
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热带太平洋-印度洋上层海温、热含量和混合层深度的年变化特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
根据1955~2003年次表层海温、海洋上层400m热含量和混合层深度资料,采用EOF分析方法,研究热带太平洋-印度洋上层海温、热含量和混合层深度的年变化特征及其与厄尔尼诺、印度洋偶极子、热带辐合带分布和活动的关系。结果表明:海表温度SST的分布和变化不能代表海洋上层热含量的分布和变化,热含量HST的分布与混合层MLD分布比较相似,尤其在热带印度洋和东太平洋,MLD季节变化比HST和SST提前2~3个月左右。太平洋10°N附近HST带状强扰动区和赤道地区HST反相变化是热带太平洋上层海水温度扰动最主要特征。HST的强扰动区主要由60~300m次表层海温距平的扰动引起,80m左右扰动最强,这种扰动沿着斜温层由上向下,自东向西传递,上半年增温,下半年降温,具有明显的年周期变化。这种变化对ENSO循环期间热含量异常信号传播的影响值得关注。热带太平洋HST的扰动变化和太平洋的ITCZ和SPCZ的移动和变化也有一定的关联。印度洋的西北部和东南部次表层海温距平呈年周期的反相振荡,但这种固有振荡和印度洋偶极子DMI振荡反相,这可能是导致印度洋大部分偶极子生命史都很短的原因之一。 相似文献
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A. Birol Kara Charlie N. Barron Paul J. Martin Lucy F. Smedstad Robert C. Rhodes 《Ocean Modelling》2006,11(3-4):376-398
A 1/8° global version of the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) is used for simulation of upper-ocean quantities on interannual time scales. The model spans the global ocean from 80°S to a complete Arctic cap, and includes 19 terrain-following σ- and 21 fixed z-levels. The global NCOM assimilates three-dimensional (3D) temperature and salinity fields produced by the Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) which generates synthetic temperature and salinity profiles based on ocean surface observations. Model-data intercomparisons are performed to measure the effectiveness of NCOM in predicting upper-ocean quantities such as sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS) and mixed layer depth (MLD). Subsurface temperature and salinity are evaluated as well. An extensive set of buoy observations is used for this validation. Where possible, the model validation is performed between year-long time series obtained from the model and time series from the buoys. The statistical analyses include the calculation of dimensionless skill scores (SS), which are positive if statistical skill is shown and equal to one for perfect SST simulations. Model SST comparisons with year-long SST time series from all 83 buoys give a median SS value of 0.82. Model subsurface temperature comparisons with the year-long subsurface temperature time series from 24 buoys showed that the model is able to predict temperatures down to 500 m reasonably well, with positive SS values ranging from 0.18 to 0.97. Intercomparisons of MLD reveal that the model MLD is usually shallower than the buoy MLD by an average of about 15 m. Annual mean SSS and subsurface salinity biases between the model and buoy values are small. A comparison of SST between NCOM and a satellite-based Pathfinder data set demonstrates that the model has a root-mean-square (RMS) SST difference of 0.61 °C over the global ocean. Spatial variations of kinetic energy fields from NCOM show agree with historical observations. Based on these results, it is concluded that the global NCOM presented in this paper is able to predict upper-ocean quantities with reasonable accuracy for both coastal and open ocean locations. 相似文献
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