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Several flatfishes spawn in oceanic waters and pelagic larvae are transported inshore to settle in the nursery areas, usually estuaries, where they remain during their juvenile life. Nursery areas appear as extremely important habitats, not only for juveniles but also for the earlier planktonic larval fish. Yet, the majority of nursery studies tend to focus only on one development stage, missing an integrative approach of the entire early life that fishes spent within a nursery ground. Thus, the present study assessed the influence of environmental parameters on the dynamics of the larval and juvenile flatfishes, throughout their nursery life in the Lima Estuary. Between April 2002 and April 2004, fortnightly subsurface ichthyoplankton samples were collected and juveniles were collected from October 2003 until September 2005. Larval assemblages comprised nine flatfish species, while only six were observed among the juvenile assemblages. Solea senegalensis and Platichthys flesus were the most abundant species of both fractions of the Lima Estuary flatfishes. Larval flatfish assemblages varied seasonally, without relevant differences between lower and middle estuary. Platichthys flesus dominated the spring samples and summer and autumn periods were characterized by an increase of overall abundance and diversity of larval flatfishes, mainly S. senegalensis, associated with temperature increase and reduced river flow. On the contrary, during the winter abundance sharply decreased, as a consequence of higher river run-off that might compromised the immigration of incompetent marine larvae. Juvenile flatfishes were more abundant in the middle and upper areas of the estuary, but the species richness was higher near the river mouth. Sediment type, distance from the river mouth, salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen were identified as the main environmental factors structuring the juvenile flatfish assemblages. Juveniles were spatially discrete, with the most abundant species S. senegalensis and P. flesus associated with the middle and upper estuary, while the remaining species were associated with the lower estuarine areas. The larval fraction exhibited distinct dynamics from the juvenile estuarine flatfish community. Larval flatfishes showed a strong seasonal structure mainly regulated by biological features as the spawning season and also by seasonal variations of water characteristics. On the other hand, juvenile flatfishes were markedly controlled by site specific characteristics such as sediments structure, distance from the river mouth and salinity regime. The present study emphasized the idea that the environmental control varies throughout the ontogenetic development, stressing the importance of integrating all the early life of a species in flatfish nursery studies. 相似文献
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星斑川鲽胚胎发育的形态观察 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
为了掌握星斑川鲽早期发育的规律,2006年4月在实验室利用显微镜和显微数码摄像系统,通过电脑活体观察测量拍摄星斑川鲽受精卵胚胎发育和初孵仔鱼的形态特征,详细描述记录其发育过程和时间。星斑川鲽为游离的半浮性卵,无油球,卵径平均924μm。在水温11.0~12.6℃孵化,大约受精后1h30min胚盘形成,9h30min进入囊胚期,11h后进入原肠胚,35h左右进入胚体器官分化期,62h左右尾部游离,70h后心跳开始,胚体搐动,89h孵出。实验表明,星斑川鲽受精卵的孵化进度与水温相关。孵化时间(Ht)与水温T(℃)关系方程为Ht=1044.3T-0.9712(R2=0.9785)。 相似文献
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大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)、星斑川鲽(Platichthys stellatus)及其杂交种的形态学分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用方差分析、聚类分析、判别分析和主成分分析等多元分析方法,对大菱鲆、星斑川鲽及其杂交种(大菱鲆♀×星斑川鲽♂)的可数性状和可量性状进行了分析。结果表明:(1)可数性状中,除腹鳍鳍条数外,杂交种与母本大菱鲆差异不显著,而与父本星斑川鲽差异极显著。(2)可量性状中,杂交种和大菱鲆差异不显著的性状占可量性状的45%,而与星斑川鲽都为显著差异。可量性状的杂种指数平均值为15.56,显示杂交种可量性状总体属于偏母本。(3)聚类分析表明,杂交种与大菱鲆形态较为接近,先聚为一支,再与星斑川鲽聚为一支。(4)主成分分析表明,共获得了4个主成分,其累积总变异的贡献率为73.49%。主成分散点图表明杂交种在形态差异上独立于大菱鲆和星斑川鲽。(5)判别分析表明,利用10个对结果影响贡献率较大的参数分别构建了其判别函数,对大菱鲆、星斑川鲽和杂交种的综合判别准确率达到98.9%,判别效果非常显著。研究认为,杂交种的形态与母本比较相似,但可以通过形态判别分析将三者进行区分判别。 相似文献
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Recruitment of flatfish species to an estuarine nursery habitat (Lima estuary, NW Iberian Peninsula)
One of the present concerns of fish biologists involves defining and identifying nursery habitats in the context of conservation and resource management strategies. Fish nursery studies usually report upon nursery occupation during the latter juvenile stages, despite the fact that recruitment to nurseries can start early in life, during the larval phase. Here we investigated the use of a temperate estuarine nursery area, the Lima estuary (NW Portugal), by initial development stages of flatfish species before and after metamorphosis, integrating the larval and juvenile phases. The Lima estuarine flatfish community comprised twelve taxa, seven of which were present as pelagic larvae, six as juveniles and three as adults. There was a general trend of increasing spring–summer abundance of both larvae and juveniles, followed by a sharp winter decrease, mainly of larval flatfishes. The Lima estuary was used by Solea senegalensis, Platichthys flesus and Solea solea as a nursery area, with direct settlement for the two first species. In contrast, indirect settlement was suggested for S. solea, with metamorphosis occurring outside the estuarine area. Estuarine recruitment of S. senegalensis varied between years, with young larvae occurring in the estuary throughout a prolonged period that lasted 6–9 months, corroborating the protracted spawning season. P. flesus, the second most abundant species, exhibited a typical spring estuarine recruitment, without inter-annual variations. Developed larvae arrived in the estuary during spring, whereas the 0-group juveniles emerged in the following summer period. The present study contributes new insight to our understanding of the economically important S. senegalensis, and highlights the importance of integrating the planktonic larval phase into traditional flatfish nursery studies. 相似文献
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Chondus crispus（皱波角叉菜）和Mastocarpus stellatus是2种形态特征和生境极为相似的红藻，依据外部形态特征很难将它们鉴别开来。本研究测定和分析了这2种红藻的核糖体18SrRNA基因全序列，结果表明：M．stellatus的18SrRNA基因序列长度和A，T，G，C4种碱基的含量与C．crispus差异甚小，但核苷酸差异率达到了2．75％，远超过角叉菜属种内和种间的水平（0．00％～0．45％）。另外，根据该基因序列构建的系统进化树也能清楚的将C．crispus和M．stellatus区别开来，表明核糖体18SrRNA基因可从种的分类水平上对这2种红藻进行分子鉴定，具有广阔的分类学应用前景。 相似文献