排序方式： 共有17条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Surface waters of Alsea Bay, an unpolluted estuary on the Oregon coast, were analysed for nitrous oxide, nitrate and nitrite on a weekly or biweekly basis during the summer of 1979. The estuary was found to be a variable source of N2O to the atmosphere. Large and rapid increases in the concentrations of N2O, NO3?, and NO2? occurred at the beginning of the sampling period and are attributed to the influx of nutrient-rich upwelling water into the estuary with the tide. The subsequent decline in concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and nitrous oxide over the remainder of the summer is attributed to a decrease in upwelling intensity, a decline in nitrification rates and to assimilatory nitrate reduction. Measurements of nitrous oxide at six stations along the Alsea River were also made in September and October before and after the onset of the rainy season. Samples taken after flood conditions were established were systematically 50% higher than pre-flood samples. The data suggest that soil runoff results in elevated concentrations of N2O in rivers. 相似文献
2.
Recent improvements in both Infra-red spectroscopy and equilibrator techniqueshave allowed to determine, for the first time, pCO2using simultaneously and continuously both the direct and indirect methods in an estuary where pCO2 values range from 500 to 8500 atm and salinity from 0 to 30. Our results show that both methods are in excellent agreement in the wholeestuary (r2 = 0.999, n = 1075, p < 0.0001). Thus, the NBS (US National Bureau of Standards) scale, although inadequate for seawater samples, is appropriate for estuarine waters and can be applied with confidence to calculate pCO2. 相似文献
3.
《地理学报(英文版)》1996,(3)
I.IntroductionTherearealotofstudiesdealingwithhydrodwiaAncsoflakes,numericalsimulationoflakecurrentsystemst5,7,lO,l31,andwiti1windsystemsoverlakesandnumericalsimulationontheland-lake/seaormountain-valleybreeze[4,6,8].Usually,ti1emodelsinti1eatmosphericboundarylayerandinlakewaterweresimulatedseParately.InfaCt,theprocessesintheatmosphericboundarylayeroverlakesandti1eprocessesinthelakewaterareinteraCtedstronglyeachoti1er.Collecteddatashow,thatalmoStalllargelakes,marginalseas,estuariesandlagoon… 相似文献
4.
水面的镜面反射是影响水环境遥感的关键因素之一。通过分析气-水界面反射光的偏振特性,从多角度偏振遥感的角度,提出一种剥离水面反射光的方法,并通过室内实验进行了验证。将ASD光谱仪与线偏振片结合扩展成高光谱偏振传感器,获取不同观测天顶角时水面反射光的偏振光谱。结果表明,当探测角不满足布儒斯特角时,在偏振片的主消光方向能剥离绝大部分的水面反射光;当入射角越接近布儒斯特角,其剥离效果越佳;以布儒斯特角观测时,可以达到完全剥离的效果。即该方法能显著削弱、甚至完全剥离水面的反射光,直接获取离水辐亮度,对于提高水色遥感的精度有着重要的应用价值。 相似文献
5.
在全球变化研究中 ,海气交换平衡器是海水中二氧化碳分压 (p CO2 )直接测定的关键。作者在 Inoue,H.(1987)的喷淋式平衡器和 Goyet,C.(1991)的鼓泡式平衡器的基础上设计了新的喷淋 -鼓泡式平衡器 ,并与层流式平衡器 (Cooper,D.J.et al.1998)进行了互校 (气相色谱法现场测定 )。经显著性检验 ,两种平衡器之间无显著性差异。结果表明 ,新的喷淋 -鼓泡式平衡器能很好地用于海水中 p CO2 的测定。 相似文献
6.
水-气界面是一个重要的物质交换过程界面,对生态系统及生物地球化学循环过程有着重要影响。自然界的降雨可以改变水体表面平衡状态,提高气体在界面的通量交换速率,使得水体界面溶解氧和pH的水平、垂直方向浓度分布发生变化。本文利用平面传感膜具有高时空分辨率、可提供两维浓度分布信息的特点,开展了雨滴对水-气微界面层中的氧气扩散和pH值分布变化模拟实验,采用双参数平面光极同步测量获取低溶解气体在水-气界面的两维分布浓度变化。实验结果证明在受风速、温度影响较小区域,降雨过程对调节表层水体的溶解氧含量和pH值变化具有重要作用,雨滴可以打破水-气界面的微表层平衡机制,促进大气中氧气在表层水体的溶解,使得水面垂直方向23 mm内的溶解氧平均升高2.3 mg/L;降雨对水面12 mm之内表层水体pH值产生的影响较为明显,pH值平均降低了0.2~0.4个单位,表明降雨雨滴促进大气在水-气界面的迁移进程,溶解的CO2使得表层水体向酸性方向转化。本文提出的基于平面光极两维观测方法为评估低风速、高降雨或低降雨区域的海岸带溶解氧和pH值的变化提供高空间分辨率的水-气界面实时观测新的技术支撑。 相似文献
7.
为研究明渠水流自掺气发展区内水气结构特征,采用针式掺气流速仪对自掺气发展区内气泡尺寸与数量进行了试验研究,比较了气泡尺寸与数量随自掺气发展的变化规律,结果显示,同一水流断面上,随着掺气浓度的减小,气泡弦长尺寸分布范围与弦长平均值逐渐减小,掺气区内小尺寸气泡在数量上占有较大的比例,而大尺寸气泡则在含气量上占有较大的比例,分析认为从水面附近高掺气浓度区至自掺气区域底缘低掺气浓度区,明渠自掺气水流水气结构发展过程为“水面变形为主—水面变形与个体空气泡共存—个体空气泡”,为进一步研究明渠自掺气形成机理提供了一定的参考。 相似文献
8.
9.
三峡水库澎溪河水-气界面CO2、CH4扩散通量昼夜动态初探 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
三峡水库温室气体效应近年来备受关注.为揭示三峡水库典型支流澎溪河水-气界面CO2和CH4通量的昼夜动态规律,明晰短时间尺度下该水域温室气体释放的影响因素,在2010年6月至2011年5月的一个完整水文周年内,选择4个具有代表性的时段(2010年8、11月和2011年2、5月)对澎溪河高阳平湖水域开展昼夜跟踪观测.结果表明:2010年8、11月和2011年2、5月4次采样的CO2日总通量值分别为-8.34、73.94、28.13和-20.12 mmol/(m2·d),相应的CH4日总通量值分别为2.22、0.11、0.32和7.16 mmol/(m2·d),不同时期昼夜变化明显.研究水域CO2和CH4通量过程不具同步性:CO2昼夜通量变化可能更显著地受到水柱光合/呼吸过程的影响,但瞬时气象过程(水汽温差、瞬时风速等)在高水位时期亦可对CO2通量产生显著影响;CH4昼夜通量变化与水温条件改变更为密切. 相似文献
10.
基于水-汽平衡器的离轴积分腔输出光谱法(ICOS)走航观测海水中溶解CH4 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A new off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy(ICOS) is coupled to Weiss equilibrator for continuous highresolution dissolved methane measurement in the surface ocean. The time constant for the equilibrator in freshwater at room temperature is determined via dis-equilibration and re-equilibration experiments. The constant for methane is about 40 min. The system is calibrated using a standard gas of 3.980×10–6, and the precision of the ICOS for methane is 0.07%. This system is equipped onboard to measure the spatial distribution in methane concentrations of South Yellow Sea(SYS) along the cruise track from Shanghai to Qingdao. Result shows that the methane concentration varies from 2.79 to 36.36 nmol/L, reveals a significant pattern of methane source in SYS, and a distinct decreasing trend from south to north. The peak value occurs at the coast area outside mouth of the Changjiang River, likely to be affected by the Changjiang diluted water mass dissolving a large amount of rich in methane. Moreover, all the surface waters are oversaturated, air-to-sea fluxes range from 98.59 to 5 485.35 μmol/(m2·d)(average value(1 169.74±1 398.46) μmol/(m2·d)), indicating a source region for methane to the atmosphere. Key words: methane, equilibrator, off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy(ICOS), South Yellow Sea 相似文献