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Measurement of ecological, climatic and anthropogenic changes underpins the formulation of effective management strategies for sustainable use and protection of the marine environment. Sensors are traditionally used in marine studies to determine physical parameters, but there is increasing demand for real-time information about chemical and biological parameters. These parameters are currently measured in samples collected at sea and subsequently analysed in the laboratory. Biosensors fuse the exquisite sensitivity and specificity of living systems with the processing power of microelectronics to deliver simple, inexpensive measurement systems for use in the field or deployment in situ. While their potential for use in the marine environment is enormous, much published work to date has focussed on applications in freshwater and wastewater. Marine applications pose a substantial challenge in the robustness required for remote application, but recent developments in portable medical devices and receptor design suggest that these demands can now be realistically tackled. 相似文献
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Wastewater from industries causes major environmental pollution problems. The urban development and commercialization in developing countries cause deterioration of surface water resources. Hence, for its improvement, it is essential to develop highly sensitive devices with quick response for monitoring of wastewater contamination. In this respect, biotechnological processes such as biosensors can be promising and a robust option for detection of toxic pollutants. Biosensors can be applied in order to acquire real-time quantitative data. Nowadays, the enzymes or whole cell bio-reporters-based biosensors have promising potential due to the possibility of miniaturization and opportunity for development of in situ biosensors. The growing need of convenient, rapid, and efficient biosensing devices explains the current advancement of biosensors with new transduction materials for multiplexed contaminant detection. Considering the extensive range of sensing strategies including immunochemical-based, enzymatic and nonenzymatic signals, different kinds of biosensors can be classified as electrochemical, optical, thermal, etc. For the past few years, more attention has been paid to nanomaterial-based biosensors which exhibit monitoring on the basis of chemical reactions and biological phenomena. Overall, this review focuses on principle and operation (transduction mechanism) of biosensors based on bio-recognition elements, for the early detection of organic and inorganic contaminants existing in wastewater. 相似文献
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光纤化学/生物传感技术在海洋环境监测中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文通过光纤溶解氧、 p H、湿度等化学传感探头及发光菌水质毒性监测生物传感探头的研制 ,开发出了一类能用于环境监测的新型传感器。本文的创新之处在于传感探头的设计与包装 ,以及数种可逆性、选择性、稳定性、使用寿命、响应时间、灵敏度等响应特性具佳的化学及生物传感膜的配方和制作技术。利用这些技术 ,通过对光纤探头的设计与包装 ,可以实现在现场及实验室模拟条件下对样品的选择性检测。研制的传感器能广泛应用于海洋污染调查、内河水质评价、水产养殖、工矿企业水气排污自检等诸多方面。 相似文献
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耗氧微生物的种类对光化学BOD传感膜性能影响的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用同一制膜方法分别对异常汉逊酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌和恶臭假单胞菌进行等量包埋制备固定化微生物膜,并采用自制的光化学BOD微生物传感器试验了各种膜的响应时间、线性范围、重现性等方面的性能,从而选择性能最佳的耗氧微生物。同时也考察了温度、pH、盐度对不同微生物膜的影响。实验结果表明:以恶臭假单胞菌膜制备的传感膜性能最佳,测定BOD时间低于20 min,方法的重现性及精密度较好,其荧光强度变化速率最大值(dI/dt)的相对标准偏差为2.2%,在BOD值0~80 mg·L-1范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相比之下更适用于BOD的快速检测。 相似文献
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For a quantitative analysis of the detection performance of wavelength surface plasmon resonance sensor after the introduction of absorbing thin films, a mathematical model was established for the wavelength SPR biosensor. Based on absorption theory of dispersive media, the distribution of electromagnetic field in each film outside the prism is calculated. The results show that, after introducing the absorbing thin films, electromagnetic field energy distribution in each layer out of the prism surfaces was changed, the metal film contribution on the resonance absorption was reduced, which increases the half wave width of SPR curve and the minimum reflection coefficient, so the optimal film thickness of metal film was also changed. Then the effect of colloidal gold and immunogold on SPR biosensor has been theoretically and experimentally verified. The result shows that, compared with the 48 nm gold film SPR sensor, the sensitivity increases 1.5 times when 45nm gold film is surface-modified with 10nm nano-gold. 相似文献
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