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For the winter 2000 campaign of the Pollution of Urban Midlands Atmosphere project, observation and numerical modelling of meteorological conditions over the West Midlands conurbation, UK, was undertaken. Modelling was performed using the regional atmospheric meteorological system (RAMS). This paper presents a comparison of modelled and observed wind and temperature for 25 and 26 January 2000. The RAMS model uses two nested grids with a mesh size of 2 km for the inner grid which is embedded in the outer grid with a mesh size of 8 km. Statistical evaluation of the model results against the observational data of wind speed, direction and temperature at 10 m was conducted. In general, the modelling results are in a reasonable agreement with observation. The statistical evaluation suggests that model performance is poorer for the inner grid than the outer grid as the model uncertainties (mainly mean bias) transfer from the outer to inner one. The low indices of agreement of temperature and wind are mainly associated with the systematic root-mean-square-difference values. For temperature, the systematic bias may also be affected by representation of cloud amount by the model. For wind, the model tends to have a poor performance for calm conditions, as under a stable anti-cyclonic situation local wind patterns associated with topography may develop, although the topography of the region is relatively flat. The results for the inner grid reveal some subtle spatial patterns at a scale smaller than 10 km near hills and valleys with differences in elevation of a few hundred metres. 相似文献
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A new 3-D model REGINA (REGIonal high resolutioN Air pollution model) is under development at the National Environmental Research Institute (NERI). The model is based on pieces from several models developed over the last decades at NERI. The aim of the work is to develop a nested model which can operate with very high resolution in both space and time. To fulfill this aim the choice and implementation of accurate numerical methods is crucial. The model will be applied for studying air pollution phenomena (both monitoring, forecasting and scenarios) over Denmark. The present paper is focussed on the modification, implementation and testing of a numerical method for treating the horizontal advection in the model as well as the implementation of two-way nesting techniques. The horizontal transport in the model is solved using an accurate space derivative algorithm. This method is traditionally implemented with periodic boundary conditions, however, this is not an option for nested modelling. A new method for calculating non-periodic boundary conditions has been developed in order to overcome this problem. Extensive testing of the numerical solution of the advection and the coupling of the solution of advection and chemistry in the model using Molenkamp–Crowley rotation tests have been carried out. The results show that the model with the current implementation of numerical methods is suitable for calculating air pollution levels with high resolution. 相似文献
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Up to now, 17 Neptune Trojan asteroids have been detected with their orbits being well determined by continuous observations. This paper analyzes systematically their orbital dynamics. Our results show that except for two temporary members with relatively short lifespans on Trojan orbits, the vast majority of Neptune Trojans located within their orbital uncertainties may survive in the solar system age. The escaping probability of Neptune Trojans, through slow diffusion in the orbital element space in 4.5 billion years, is estimated to be ～50%. The asteroid 2012 UW177 classified as a Centaur asteroid by the IAU Minor Planet Center currently is in fact a Neptune Trojan. Numerical simulations indicate that it is librating on the tadpole-shaped orbit around the Neptune's L4 point. It was captured into the current orbit approximately 0.23 million years ago, and will stay there for at least another 1.3 million years in the future. Its high inclination of i ≈ 54° not only makes it the most inclined Neptune Trojan, but also makes it exhibit the complicated and interesting co-orbital transitions between the leading and trailing Trojans via the quasi-satellite orbit phase. 相似文献
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Recently, Sloan Digital Sky Survey successfully carried out the reverberation mapping of a sky area, aiming to test the R ? L relation that has been already widely used. Here, R is the responsivity-weighted radius of the broad line region, and L is the optical luminosity at 5100 Å. Two results have been obtained from the data in the first year: (1) The time lags of AGNs (Active Galactic Nuclei) with a high accretion rate are much shorter than that estimated from the R ? L relation, which confirmed the results of reverberation mapping observations made by the Lijiang 2.4 meter telescope. (2) Some AGNs with a lower accretion rate also have very short time lags. The shortening of the time lags of the AGNs with a low accretion rate is caused by the retrograde accretion of black holes. This result has verified from observations the theoretical prediction made by Wang et al. (2014). The discovery of the black holes with a retrograde accretion has important significance, it indicates that the cosmological evolution of the black holes in quasars is implemented via the inherently random accretion. 相似文献
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Due to the specific dynamics, the probes located at the halo orbits or Lissajous orbits around the Earth-Moon collinear libration point L1 or L2 are always studied in the synodic system to understand their trajectories. In fact, they are also orbiting the Earth in a distant Keplerian ellipse. Because of their intrinsic orbital instability, in the orbit prediction the initial errors propagate more prominently than those of the normal orbiting satellites, this requires special attention in the orbit design, maneuver, and control. Despite of all this, they are similar to the normal orbiting satellites in orbit determination and hardly require other special attentions. In this paper, the quantitative results of error propagation under the unstable dynamics, together with the theoretical analysis are presented. The results of precise orbit determination and short-arc orbit predictions are also shown, and compared with the results from the Beijing Aerospace Control Center. 相似文献
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塔里木盆地上泥盆统及石炭系包括5个组，自下而上分别为上泥盆统东河塘组和甘木里克组，石炭系巴楚组、卡拉沙依组和小海子组。其中东河塘组和甘木里克组地质时代为晚泥盆世，巴楚组地质时代为早石炭世杜内早中期，卡拉沙依组地质时代为晚杜内中期至巴什基尔期，小海子组地层时代为巴什基尔末期至莫斯科早期。岩石类型有碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩，还有膏盐岩，并夹薄层火山碎屑岩。沉积相主要为海陆过渡相组合，包括河流、三角洲、滨岸、浅海、碳酸盐岩台地、台地边缘6种相和12种亚相及33种微相。晚泥盆世东河塘期至石炭纪发生过4次较大的海侵，海侵范围由下而上逐渐增大，至晚石炭世小海子期海侵规模最大。东河塘期开始海侵，海水由西而东侵入，此时周缘碎屑物质供应充分，主要为无障壁海岸和障壁海岸沉积，西南缘为浅海相沉积。巴楚期晚期，海侵范围进一步扩大，物源向北或北东方向退却，陆源碎屑物质注入急剧减少，形成了一套富含生屑的碳酸盐岩地层，发育了开阔台地和局限台地亚相沉积。卡拉沙依期中期海侵规模比巴楚期更大，海水深度加大，西部为开阔台地亚相沉积，其余地区为局限台地亚相沉积。卡拉沙依期晚期和小海子期海侵达最大，向东扩展，大部分地区为开阔台地亚相沉积，东部地区为局限台地亚相沉积，塔北大部分地区缺失。 相似文献
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株州市土壤重金属污染的对应分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
株州市土壤重金属污染的主要原因是工厂排放有害气体，或是水体污染物随灌溉进入土壤。采用对应分析方法，将市区土壤重金属污染分析３种类型。靠近人业污染源附近，镉的含量及污染指数高；大部分土壤受多种重金属污染；水稻土主要表现为铅的污染。 相似文献