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三维地震勘探在湖泊沼泽地区的应用 总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3
介绍了在湖泊沼泽复杂地表条件下开展三维地震勘探的主要难点,并提出了针对性的技术措施,保证了野外数据采集和室内资料处理的质量。通过对三维地震勘探的野外数据采集、资料处理的总结以及勘探前后构造的对比,说明了三维地震在湖泊、沼泽地和柳条林这样的地表复杂地区取得了成功,并为今后复杂地区的三维煤田地震勘探工作提供了借鉴经验。 相似文献
2.
Contents of heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PA Hs）, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes （DDTs） and hexachlorcy- clohexanes （HCHs） in surface sediments from mangrove areas of the Leizhou Peninsula were analyzed in July and November 2005. Risk assessment criteria applied by Long E R et al. （1995） and Long E D et al. （1995） （effects range low, ERL; effects range mean, ERM） of chemicals in sediments from the gulf or estuary were used to assess the potential ecological risks of heavy metals, PAHs, DDTs and HCHs to aquatic organisms in the studied area. The results indicated that the average contents of zinc, nickel, chromium, lead, copper, arsenic and mercury were （61.97 ± 55.87）, （59.99 ± 39.01 ）, （47.93 ± 28.37）, （26.64± 13.00） , （23.45 ± 41.96）, （9.32 ± 3.62）, （0.14 ± 0.18） mg/kg in dry weight in the sediment samples col- lected from five studied sites in the Leizhou Peninsula, respectively. Cadmium was not calculated due to its content being below the detection limit （ 〈 0.3 mg,/kg）. The average levels of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg exceed their background values. The average contents of Ni were higher than ERM. The contents of PAHs in the sediments from the five studied sites were （79.78 ± 43.70） ng/g in dry weight, far lower than ERL（4 022 ng/g）. The contents of DDE, DDD and DDTs in the sediments from five studied sites were （2.60 ± 4.68）, （ 17.52 ± 27.25 ）, （27.78 ± 46.64） ng/g in dry weight respectively, clearly higher than ERL, and the average contents of DDT were （7.66 ± 15.93） ng/g in dry weight, much higher than ERM. HCHs could be detected in the sediments only from Gaoqiao sampling site, with the average contents （0.07 ± 0.08） ng/g in dry weight. 相似文献
3.
Suzanne E. Hollins Scott F. Heron Peter V. Ridd 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,82(4):615-620
The typically anaerobic nature of mangrove sediments provides significant challenges to the mangrove trees and biota inhabiting them. The burrowing activities and flow of water through the numerous and complex animal burrows perforating the sediments of mangroves have a major influence on the biogeochemistry of the sediments and are important to the enhancement of nutrient and oxygen exchange. Two new methods are presented for monitoring the tidal flushing of Sesarma messa and Alpheus cf macklay burrows in a Rhizophora stylosa mangrove forest – by measuring oxygen content of burrow water and by determining the change in fluorescence of a dye tracer through tidal inundation. A case study using the first of these showed oxygen consumption rates at the burrow wall deep within the burrow were found to be between 210 and 460 μmol O2 m−2 h−1. The influx of oxygen during a flood tide was found to be significant and indicated that approximately 40% of the burrow water is flushed during a single tidal event. However, the high consumption rate of oxygen within the burrow resulted in the oxygen concentration remaining at or below one-third of the oxygen content of the flooding tidal water. A test application of the second method, using rhodamine dye as a tracer, indicated that the exchange of water between the burrow and the flooding tide was found to be in the order of 30% of the burrow volume. These new techniques provide a means to further study the nutrient exchange within these burrow systems and verify the initial findings that several tidal inundations are necessary to completely flush the burrows. 相似文献
4.
A.H. Dye 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,17(2):207-212
A simple and rapid method for the quantitative extraction of bacteria from high silt/clay-content muds associated with mangrove swamps is described. Mud samples are homogenized in filtered sea water and the supernatant is diluted and stained with Acridine Organge. The stained material is trapped on a 0·45 μm membrane filter and bacteria are counted under a fluorescence microscope. Samples may be pre-fixed in 5% formalin if they cannot be examined immediately. 相似文献
5.
Owing to the very gently sloping nature of the flood plain in the lower White Nile valley, which is underlain by a former lake-bed, the depositional record in that area is unusually well preserved. In Egypt and along the Blue Nile phases of erosion have destroyed segments of the sedimentary record, but the White Nile sequence is a good proxy for both the main Nile and the Blue Nile. During the last 15 ka, at least, times of high flow in the Blue Nile and main Nile were synchronous with those in the White Nile.Not all the White Nile flood deposits have been preserved but calibrated radiocarbon dates obtained on fossil freshwater and amphibious Pila shells and fish bones indicate that White Nile levels were high around 14.7–13.1 ka, 9.7–9.0 ka, 7.9–7.6 ka, 6.3 ka and 3.2–2.8 ka. The Blue Nile record is more fragmentary and that of the main Nile even more so except for the Holocene Nile delta. Calibrated radiocarbon ages for high Blue Nile flows indicate very high flood levels towards 13.9–13.2 ka, 8.6 ka, 7.7 ka and 6.3 ka.Incision by the Blue Nile and main Nile has caused progressive incision in the White Nile amounting to at least 4 m since the terminal Pleistocene 15 ka ago and at least 2 m over the past 9 ka. The Blue Nile seems to have cut down at least 10 m since 15 ka and at least 4 m since 9 ka. The time-transgressive and relatively late inception of plant domestication in the Nile valley may partly reflect this history of incision. Nile incision would propagate upstream into the White Nile valley, draining previously swampy areas along the valley floor, which would then become accessible to cultivation. 相似文献
6.
Abstract. .The absorption efficiencies of the intertidal mangrove dwelling mollusk Melampus coffeus and the rocky intertidal dwelling mollusk Acanthopleura granulata were calculated by a modification of CONOVER'S (1966) equation. M. coffeus tended to consume fresh mangrove leaves indicating that M. coffeus may obtain much of its energy from the actual substrate material rather than from associated bacteria and meiofauna on decaying leaves. Obtaining energy directly from the substrate may be a mechanism for M. coffeus to utilize its food source more efficiently. In contrast, chitons (A. granulata) may utilize the higher energy components of their limited intertidal microflora! food source. Using the high energy component of a food source may be an additional mechanism by which organisms efficiently utilize a food source. 相似文献
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8.
Yaoling Zhang Jinzhou Du Fenfen Zhang Yihua Yu Jing Zhang 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
In order to improve the understanding of structural and reactive features of sediment organic matter from mangrove swamp as well as evaluate the relationship between such features and the impact from different sources (marine and terrestrial), humic and fulvic acids were isolated from two mangrove swamp sediments located in the Qinglan harbors on Hainan Island, China. One is a forest surface sediment site (WWM2), and the other is an estuary subaqueous sediment site (BMW). The humic and fulvic acids were characterized and compared using chemical and spectroscopic methods, including elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) and potentiometric titrations. The results indicated that there were less aliphatic compounds but more aromatic compounds and oxygen-containing functional groups in fulvic acids. Humic acids contained more long-chain hydrocarbons and nitrogen compounds. Comparison of the C/N ratios and δ13C values for the humic substances at both sites indicated a larger marine and/or microbial contribution to the BMW site. Humic substances at the WWM2 site have more acidic functional groups than those of the BMW site. Compared to the literature, more phenolic groups existed in the samples of both sites, which may be due to the autochthonous contribution of mangrove plants. 相似文献
9.
CheSalmahM.R WahizatulAfzanA. 《湿地科学》2004,2(3):184-191
Odonata larvae and adults were collected from fourteen sites of various habitats including rivers, rice fields, mountain streams, freshwater and peat swamps, oil palm, sugarcane and rubber plantations and lake. Out of 51 species recorded, Libellulidae made up the most dominant of 10 families followed by Gomphidae and Coenagrionidae. Other families were less common. Riverine and stream ecosystems were the most diverse, both with six families and 19 and 13 species respectively. In the rice fields, Libellulidae and Coenagrionidae were represented by 17 and seven species respectively. The poorest fauna of Odonata was recorded from a lake system. A few of libellulids were found to be pollution tolerant and widespread in distribution. Many odonate species were restricted to preferred habitats or water parameter gradients that could be used as bioindicators of respective habitats or parameters. 相似文献
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