排序方式： 共有14条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
重氮甲烷衍生气相色谱-质谱法检测地下水中17种酸性除草剂 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过水体中酸性除草剂存在形态的改变,衍生试剂的选择及定量离子的确定,建立了重氮甲烷衍生气相色谱-质谱法检测水中卤代酸类、苯酚类、氮硫杂环类酸性除草剂的方法。重氮甲烷与酸性除草剂发生衍生反应,生成易于气相色谱-质谱测定的酯类化合物,反应条件温和,副产物少。采用自行设计制造的重氮甲烷发生装置,有效控制了二甲基亚硝基苯磺酰胺的反应用量,减少了有害气体的排放。对重氮甲烷连续鼓泡法和间断鼓泡法进行了试验对比。方法检出限为4.95~9.80 ng/L,精密度(RSD,n=7)为1.7%~7.9%,对不同添加水平的回收率进行对比,回收率控制在67.5%~126.3%。 相似文献
2.
Richard F. Maloney 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):505-515
Abundance and species composition of aquatic benthic macroinvertebrates were compared between an area sprayed with the herbicide Grazon (active ingredient triclopyr), and an upstream control site (no triclopyr). Five Surber samples were collected from each of three riffles in control and treatment sites on eight occasions over a 1‐month period. Aquatic invertebrate species composition was similar in treatment and control sites, and did not change over time. The five taxa that made up 91–95% of all invertebrates by abundance did not vary significantly in treatment compared to control riffles. Abundance of three of the 15 most common taxa (>10 individuals per riffle) differed significantly between treatment and control sites over time. However, none of these fluctuations correspond to the presence of known concentrations of triclopyr in water samples, and it is unlikely that the declines resulted from triclopyr. These results are discussed with reference to known lethal concentrations of triclopyr for some invertebrates, and to the effect of floods on invertebrate populations. 相似文献
3.
建立了离子对色谱法同时测定水中DCPA二元酸、4-硝基苯酚、麦草畏、苯达松、2,4-二氯苯乙酸、2-甲基-4-氯苯氧乙酸(MCPA)、2-(4-氯苯氧基-2甲基)丙酸(MCPP)、3,5-二氯苯甲酸、2,4-滴丙酸9种氯代酸性除草剂。通过加入离子对试剂使多种极性强、保留弱的酸性除草剂在普通的反相色谱柱上同时分离。采用Shim-pack VP-ODS色谱柱,流动相为V(1-辛烷三乙磷酸铵溶液)∶V(乙腈)∶V(甲醇)=6∶3∶1,流速1.8 mL/min,不同组分全流程方法检出限范围为0.03~0.15μg/L,相对标准偏差在10%以下。建立的方法可将9种除草剂完全分离,与高效液相色谱法和气相色谱-质谱法相比,具有操作简单、分离效果好、回收率高、干扰少的优点,能够满足不同水质的检测要求。 相似文献
4.
Andrew Swales Ron Ovenden Iain T. MacDonald Andrew M. Lohrer Karen L. Burt 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(6):1305-1319
Abstract Concerns about the potential adverse effects of Spartina invasion on New Zealand estuaries, such as habitat loss and degradation, have led to herbicide use to control its spread. An experiment was conducted in the Manukau Harbour (New Zealand) to determine sediment remobilisation rates (?E) from herbicide‐treated S. anglica patches. Paired treatment and control patches (≤25 m diam.) were monitored at two sites 500 m apart with different wave exposures. Above‐ (AGB) and below‐ground (BGB) biomass decomposition and AE were determined from repeat surveys over c. 2.5 years. Work done by waves (W), which integrates wave‐energy dissipation at the bed over time, was used as a surrogate measure of sediment transport potential. Complete AGB loss occurred in both treated patches within 3 months of initial herbicide application, whereas BGB (a matrix of roots and rhizomes) persisted much longer. An exponential decay model (r 2 = 0.6) fitted to the site‐two treatment data predicted an c. 85% reduction in BGB after 5 years, whereas the BGB changes for the larger and more heterogeneous site‐one treatment were more complex. BGB was a better predictor of average bed elevation than AGB in multiple regression models and, although bed elevation decreased through time and with waves, BGB was positively related to bed elevation at both sites. AE was similar for both treatment patches (c. 0.05 and c. 0.06 m yr‐1, P < 0.001, r2 ≥ 0.97) and complete sediment loss was predicted to occur within 6–10 years. The site‐one control patch accumulated sediment (0.01 m yr‐1 , P < 0.001, r 2 = 0.81) whereas the more wave‐exposed site‐two control eroded (0.01 m yr‐1, P = 0.0017, r 2 = 0.61). The potential for adverse sediment effects resulting from Spartina control at wave‐exposed sites will be minimal if the treated areas are small relative to the size of the estuary. 相似文献
5.
阿特拉津是研究区内广泛使用的旱田除草剂。为治理其污染的地下水 ,采用静态和动态实验的方法研究其在含水介质砂层中的吸附特性和在地下水中的迁移转化规律。实验结果表明 :砂层对阿特拉津的吸附量小 ,不同固液比 (1.0、0 .5、0 .2 )时的分配系数分别为 0 .10 ,0 .15 ,0 .19cm3 /g ;含水层的弥散度为 0 .0 336m ,阻滞因子为 1.2 9,自然净化系数为 0 .0 0 2 8/d。由此确定所建立的数学模型和参数 ,为研究区阿特拉津污染地下水的治理提供可靠的依据 相似文献
6.
Exotic trees, such as willow (Salix spp.), have become invasive around New Zealand waterways. Lowland wetlands in particular are vulnerable, with invasions changing hydrology and causing biodiversity loss. Applying herbicide to the willow canopy is a cost-effective control method, however uncertainty remains around effects on wetland aquatic invertebrates. Within a North Island, New Zealand, wetland, we conducted a paired before-after, control-impact study to determine if aerially applied glyphosate (with adjuvants) affected invertebrate assemblages. No effect on communities was detected during the first year after glyphosate treatment, however significant differences between control and spray-exposed communities were found during the second year, coinciding with a significant drought event in March 2013. By the third year, no statistically significant differences were found between communities from control and spray-exposed sites. This study suggests that glyphosate use, in comparable environments, is unlikely to affect aquatic invertebrates. Furthermore, the study illustrates invertebrate communities’ resilience to drought events. 相似文献
7.
5种除草剂对白鲢鱼种急性毒性试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以白鲢(Hypophthalmicthysmolitris)为实验材料,研究常用除草剂对鱼类的毒性效应。结果表明:采用直线回归法求得的96hLC50值分别为:2,4_D丁酯0.185mg/L,可信限0.138~0.247mg/L;丁草胺0.080mg/L,可信限0.067~0.097mg/L;使它隆3.80mg/L,可信限2.68~5.40mg/L;艾割18.60mg/L,可信限14.80~23.32mg/L;嗪草酮108.80mg/L,可信限91.46~129.72mg/L。对鱼类安全浓度分别为0.019mg/L,0.38mg/L,0.008mg/L,1.86mg/Land10.88mg/L。 相似文献
8.
Surface water samples from marinas, commercial ports and open bay areas collected from Biscayne Bay and the Miami River, Florida, USA, were analyzed for the occurrence of IRGAROL 1051 by GC/MS. The anifouling boosting herbicide was found in 80% (46/57) of the samples collected between March 1999 and September 2000. Concentrations within the bay range between non-detected (<1 ppt) and 61 ppt (ng/L) and were generally low compared with levels reported in European or Japanese waters. Aside from the elevated concentrations observed along the Miami River South Fork (61 ppt), the highest concentrations observed in the bay corresponded to marinas with high density of pleasure craft and restricted water circulation. In contrast, occurrence of IRGAROL 1051 along the commercial port or the cruise line terminal was generally lower (<1-2.2 ppt). Concentrations around Coconut Grove Marina were consistently higher (5-12 ppt) than the rest of the bay waters during the whole period of time surveyed. 相似文献
9.
后棘藻(Ellipsoidion sp.)是一种高脂海洋微藻,采用微生物筛选平板的方法,利用多不饱和脂肪酸EPA合成的阻断剂——除草剂San9785对紫外线诱变的后棘藻细胞进行了高EPA个体的筛选,气相分析结果显示,在检测的8株筛选品系中,5株EPA含量高于出发藻种,平均提高了121.6%,另3株EPA含量低于出发藻种,平均降低的量为12.6%,EPA含量最高的品系达到总脂肪酸的26.22%,比出发藻种提高了212%.提示除草剂San9785可以作为一种高效筛选压力,选育多不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富的微藻品系. 相似文献
10.
互花米草防除药物对滩涂底栖生物影响的评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2005年7月15日对厦门海沧青礁海堤外的互花米草进行药物杀除，试验选用的除草剂对互花米草的杀除有效．药物喷洒后不同时段调查结果表明：试验区与对照区的底栖生物种类组成、生物量、栖息密度同步对比数量相差不明显，其随时间变化的趋势亦呈现总体一致．这表明互花米草防除药物对底栖生物群落组成结构及其生境的干扰不大，试验区与对照区底栖生物群落组成结构总体一致的变化趋势与时序有关． 相似文献