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《Geoforum》2017
The Internet and the representation of space therein are almost omnipresent in society and everyday life. Peer-produced geographic data is gaining a particular importance through increasingly available digital tools and techniques that shape the perception of space in the internet, such as flickr, OpenStreetMap or Wikipedia. However, few studies focused on how space is represented, and by whom it is described. We hypothesize that the alleged opening up of geographic information and the assumed benefits for every individual and society through the occurrence of ‘easy-to-use-mapping-tools’ was premature. To explore these assumptions, a comparative study of the flickr worldmap was undertaken and roughly 6.8 million metadatasets of geocoded photos in France, and roughly 50,000 metadatasets in Afghanistan were downloaded and the metadata was analyzed. Our results indicate that photos geocoded in France show a large diversity of motives, while photos geocoded in Afghanistan are mostly limited to content containing warfare when they are up loaded in English. The content of the photo and therefore the representation of space strongly depend on who uploaded the photo, particularly in Afghanistan. We can show that the representation of space on the internet, for the case of flickr, is strongly dominated by perceptions of Western societies and individuals. We therefore confirm our hypothesis that the supposed opening up of geographic information systems through ‘easy-to-use-mapping-tools’ and their democratization thereof was premature. Moreover, we highlight the importance of understanding who contributes online content to be able to evaluate peer-produced data, its value, and its possible applications to avoid reproducing biases. 相似文献
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进入21世纪以来,在国家一系列政策的带动下,我国掀起了“城市黄金时期”的大规模工程建设高潮。与此相适应,我国建筑设计创作也进入了一个空前繁荣的历史时期,这是时代的主流。但不可忽视的是一些抄袭仿制,千城一面,标新立异等的建筑却屡有再现,这都反映出建筑设计创作中还存在着与我国现阶段基本国情不相适应的状况。为此,笔者分别在公共建筑设计创作中提出了六点建议,在居住建筑设计创作中提出了三点建议,以促进建筑设计创作在科学发展观的指引下,持续走向繁荣。 相似文献
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