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1.
Peter Griggs 《The Australian geographer》2002,33(1):43-61
The growing of tobacco was one of the most tightly regulated industries in Australia, until deregulation in 1995. Commonwealth regulations controlled the area cultivated with tobacco, the number of growers (i.e. quota holders) and marketing arrangements for tobacco leaf. This paper begins by outlining the nature and historical development of controls in the tobacco-growing industry, and discusses how the Commonwealth government removed the industry's regulatory and protective framework in 1995. The third part of the paper examines how deregulation has impacted upon the Mareeba-Dimbulah Irrigation Area, Far North Queensland, where small farmers produced 60 per cent of Australia's tobacco in 1995. The discussion will show that the agricultural landscape once dominated by tobacco has been transformed, as local farmers abandoned growing tobacco in favour of sugar cane, avocadoes, mangoes, macadamia nuts and other small vegetable crops (e.g. navy beans, pumpkins). Tobacco, once promoted by the Queensland government as a crop to facilitate closer settlement in the Mareeba-Dimbulah Irrigation Area, will have almost vanished from the landscape by 2002. 相似文献
2.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2017,77(2):257-266
Sugar cane bagasse ash from SOSUCAM company in Cameroon was used to synthesize sodium waterglass as a new alternative hardener. The new hardener was used to prepare metakaolin-based geopolymer cements. The compressive strength of the resulting geopolymer cement cured at room temperature for 28 days was 32.9 MPa. Samples soaked for 28 days in water in parallel experiments revealed a strength of 31.4 MPa. This shows that exposure of water does not lead to any weakening. The value of water absorption was 7.1% in the water-soaked cements, indicating the presence of fewer pores and voids than in the dry cements. However, in SEM micrographs, the microstructure of geopolymer cement appears rather homogeneous and compact without any change by water soaking. It can thus be concluded that sodium waterglass from sugar cane bagasse ash can be used as an alternative hardener or reactive ingredient for producing geopolymer cement with a high degree of cross-linking geopolymer framework. The use of this low-value silica-rich waste for producing sodium waterglass results in environmental benefits including a significant reduction of CO2 emission and energy consumption compared to the production of commercial sodium waterglass. 相似文献
3.
饲料中主要能量物质对大菱鲆幼鱼生长的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
于1999年6－8月，采用正交设计统计方法，对主要能量物质蛋白质、脂肪和糖类对大菱Ping幼鱼生长的影响进行研究。利用L16（4^3）正交设计了16组大菱Ping幼鱼饲料，在各级饲料中，蛋白质、脂肪和糖类的含量范围分别为36％－45％、8％－20％和0％－6％，共进行了60d的喂养实验，并对饲料及鱼体成分进行分析测定。结果表明，各主要能量物质对鱼体增重和配合饲料转化率的影响顺序为蛋白质＞糖类＞脂肪，且蛋白质的变化对增重率的影响极显著，对饲料转化率的影响显著。 相似文献
4.
以“粤糖63／237”为对照品种进行新植、宿根共3年的对比试验，结果表明，“新台糖10号”的新植、宿根的蔗茎产量及蔗糖份均高于对照品种。“新台糖10号”是适合遂溪县蔗区种植的早熟、高产、高糖以及宿根性好的甘蔗品种。 相似文献
5.
Hawai‘i's agricultural landscape was previously dominated by large monocrop plantations of sugar cane and pineapple, but following a sweeping series of plantation closures beginning at the end of the twentieth century, that era has concluded. The last spatial assessment of Hawai‘i's agricultural footprint was completed in 1980, during the active plantation period. Here we present the results of a 2015 statewide assessment of the commercial crop footprint for Hawai‘i, based on World-View 2 satellite imagery and supporting datasets. We analyzed changes relative to the 1980 baseline on both a statewide and regional basis, to better understand how Hawai‘i's agricultural system has evolved in the post-plantation era. Sugar cane and pineapple saw dramatic reductions during this period, collectively losing more acres (257,000) than were planted for all crops combined (152,000) in 2015. Idle plantation lands and past plantation-era investments in irrigation and other infrastructure have created opportunities for other types of agriculture, despite rising land values, new and existing tropical diseases, and other challenges. Seed crops, primarily for genetically modified corn trials, were the second largest crop in 2015 (24,000 acres) despite having no mapped footprint in 1980. Commercial forestry, also absent in 1980, covered 23,000 acres in 2015. Macadamia nut, coffee, and diversified agriculture also all saw significant gains in their footprints, with coffee plantings increasing >250% during this period. Despite these gains, the Hawaiian Islands continue to have an extremely low degree of self-reliance for food production. The Oahu plain, adjacent to the major population center of Honolulu, has the most potential for considerably increasing the production of local produce, but without changes in consumption patterns and significant efforts to protect agricultural land from development, any increases in local food production will continue to be incremental. The post-plantation agricultural landscape in Hawaii is smaller, more diversified, and more nimble than it was in 1980, reflecting inter-island geographic differences in land use, history, and ownership. Mapping and assessing spatial changes in agricultural activity over time can provide valuable insights for decision-makers and communities as they continue to define what agriculture should look like in the post-plantation era. Our results suggest that Hawai‘i's agricultural landscape and overall production capability will continue to contract without substantial changes in policy and practice. 相似文献
6.
Nickel isotope ratios were measured in ores, fly ash, slags and FeNi samples from two metallurgical plants located in the Goiás State, Brazil (Barro Alto, Niquelândia). This allowed investigating the mass-dependent fractionation of Ni isotopes during the Ni-laterite ore smelting and refining. Feeding material exhibits a large range of δ60Ni values (from 0.02 ± 0.10‰ to 0.20 ± 0.05‰, n = 7), explained by the diversity of Ni-bearing phases, and the average of δ60Nifeeding materials was found equal to 0.08 ± 0.08‰ (2SD, n = 7). Both δ60Ni values of fly ash (δ60Ni = 0.07 ± 0.07‰, n = 10) and final FeNi produced (0.05 ± 0.02‰, n = 2) were not significantly different from the feeding materials ones. These values are consistent with the very high production yield of the factories. However, smelting slags present the heaviest δ60Ni values of all the smelter samples, with δ60Ni ranging from 0.11 ± 0.05‰ to 0.27 ± 0.05‰ (n = 8). Soils were also collected near and far from the Niquelândia metallurgical plant, to evaluate the potential of Ni isotopes for tracing the natural vs anthropogenic Ni in soils. The Ni isotopic composition of the non-impacted topsoils developed on ultramafic rocks ranges from −0.26 ± 0.09‰ to −0.04 ± 0.05‰ (n = 20). On the contrary, the Ni isotopic composition of the non-ultramafic topsoils, collected close to the plant, exhibit a large variation of δ60Ni, ranging from −0.19 ± 0.13‰ up to 0.10 ± 0.05‰ (n = 4). This slight but significant enrichment in heavy isotopes highlights the potential impact of smelting activity in the surrounding area, as well as the potential of Ni isotopes for discerning anthropogenic samples (heavier δ60Ni values) from natural ones (lighter δ60Ni values). However, given the global range of published δ60Ni values (from −1.03 to 2.5‰) and more particularly those associated to natural weathering of ultramafic rocks (from −0.61 to 0.32‰), the use of Ni isotopes for tracing environmental contamination from smelters will remain challenging. 相似文献
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8.
Peter Griggs 《The Australian geographer》2001,32(3):359-376
The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries saw the emergence of large single-product organisations whose expansion was stimulated by a desire to control a substantial part of a particular product market. An Australian example is the Colonial Sugar Refining Company Ltd (CSR). By 1915, the company accounted for 90 per cent of refined sugar production in Australia. CSR had achieved this control over the Australian refined sugar market by using underselling, strategies that denied its competitors outlets for their refined sugars and amalgamations with rivals. After 1890, however, CSR was interested in sharing the Australian market for refined sugar with its rivals by forming spheres of influence in marketing areas or adopting production quotas, although the Queensland National Bank was the only organisation to successfully negotiate annual market share agreements with CSR in the 1900s. These agreements ensured the survival of its Millaquin Refinery. Other competitors eventually exited the industry. In 1915, the Commonwealth government institutionalised this duopoly in the sugar refining sector by agreements with CSR and the Queensland government, and allowed it to continue until deregulation of the Australian sugar refining sector in the early 1990s. 相似文献
9.
影响武鸣县甘蔗生产的气象条件分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过对武鸣县蔗区的气候环境分析,以及甘蔗生长的特点,找出影响甘蔗产量及含糖量的关健气象因子,指出典型丰欠年与6月上旬至7月上句的总雨量及7月份的日照时数有明显的正相关关系;9月至10月的降水量和11月份的甘蔗含糖量呈负相关关系,同时,含糖量还与光照时数及昼夜温差有关,甘蔗在成熟期间光照时数多,天气干凉则含糖量比较高。 相似文献
10.
从气候角度分析黔东南州种植蜂糖李适宜性,为蜂糖李种植选址提供气候可行性依据。利用2011-2020年黔东南州200个区域气象站资料和蜂糖李品质最优的产地贵州省安顺市镇宁县六马镇区域气象站资料,用数理统计方法,计算黔东南州200个乡镇与六马镇气温、降水和日照气候指标相对应的气候值,利用适宜度模型计算各乡镇气候适宜度。结果表明：黔东南州有37.5%的乡镇处于蜂糖李种植气候适宜区,没有气候最适宜区域;蜂糖李开花坐果期的气候适宜度低于萌芽、果实生长以及果实成熟期,是制约黔东南州蜂糖李生长的关键期;气温综合适宜度＞日照综合适宜度＞降水综合适宜度,开花坐果期阶段性持续低温、雨日多、日照少是制约黔东南州蜂糖李生长的主要气候要素。黔东南州地形起伏大,气候差异明显,蜂糖李种植要根据当地地形和气候要素情况,选择日照多、雨日少、气温高、向阳、开阔等区域开展种植。 相似文献