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Cornelis VanderPost 《GeoJournal》2007,69(4):223-237
This work assesses current geographic prospects for large-scale conservation of Africa’s mammals on the basis of statistics
on wildlife habitat, elephant numbers, political stability and potential for environmental tourism and concludes that these
prospects depend on events in a small number of eastern and southern African (core) countries, geographically grouped into
a ‘safari-belt’ between South-Africa and Kenya. Additional countries with good potential are connected to this belt. African
countries need more global scientific support for their conservation efforts, particularly with respect to ongoing trans-boundary
conservation efforts. 相似文献
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科西河跨境流域水旱灾害与防治 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
科西河流域是恒河的一个重要支流,地跨中国、尼泊尔和印度3个国家,流域面积7.15万km2,流域具有世界上最大的高差(从海拔8 848 m的珠穆朗玛峰到海拔60 m的恒河平原),最为完整的气候、土壤和植被带谱。流域发育有罕见的多类型水旱灾害,主要有冰湖溃决、洪水、干旱、水土流失等。通过实地调查这一代表性跨界流域的水文、气象、地质、地貌、土壤植被和区域社会经济等基本特征并结合已有的研究资料,揭示流域冰湖溃决、洪水、干旱等水旱灾害的特征和时空发育规律。流域冰湖溃决灾害集中于科西河流域上级支流,灾害损失巨大,并由于溃决洪水的侵蚀,沿途链状滑坡泥石流灾害发育;洪水灾害主要集中于流域下游,在相对较高标准的防洪体系中,洪水灾害是自然因素和人为因素相结合产生的,并造成流域水土流失严重;干旱灾害范围大,年内持续时间长,并且由于人口增加和生态退化进一步严重化。最后,依据流域水旱灾害特点,提出一系列减灾策略与措施。 相似文献
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中亚五国跨界水资源开发利用与合作及其问题分析 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
中亚五国跨界河流众多,水资源开发利用问题十分复杂,大规模无序的水土资源开发利用引发的生态问题相当突出,回顾其开发利用中的冲突与合作,对找寻中亚水资源问题的解决之道具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。简要介绍了中亚五国之间主要跨界河流流域河流水系、径流量,阐述主要跨界河流域水资源开发利用,重点分析了各跨界河流取用水量与农业灌溉的演变关系以及中亚五国跨界河流开发利用的水资源危机与生态危机、冲突与合作。在深入揭示中亚五国跨界河流危机主要原因的基础上,对中亚五国跨界河流水资源纠纷和生态危机未来发展趋势进行了分析,探析了中亚五国跨界河流开发利用主要对策。 相似文献
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云南边境地区土地利用/覆盖变化及环境效应分析 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
采用遥感和GIS一体化技术，利用1976年的MSS和2004年的TM两个时期的遥感影像数据对云南边境地区的土地覆盖动态变化进行监测，并对变化的时空特征进行分析。结果表明土地覆盖现状以森林和裸岩地为主，其次是耕地和水域。土地利用／覆盖变化主要发生在林地、水域、耕地和裸地四大地类中，林地减少了6．95％，水域减少了2．08％；耕地增加了4．04％，裸地增加了3．67％。并对土地变化所引起资源和环境问题及其驱动因素进行了初步的探讨和分析。 相似文献
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坦噶尼喀湖(Lake Tanganyika)位于非洲东部大裂谷地区,是世界第二深水湖。坦湖流域涉及坦桑尼亚、布隆迪、赞比亚和刚果(金)4个主权国家,是典型的跨界流域,对流域进行有效管理必需经沿岸四国共同协调开展,尤其在流域资源利用和环境保护方面。坦噶尼喀湖目前水环境质量良好,但受气候变化、外来生物入侵、水土流失加剧以及沿岸城市人口增长过快、城市建设无序发展带来的点源和面源污染等自然和社会经济因素的多重影响。沿岸四国由于历史原因,在渔业资源分配和环境管理标准等方面存在较多矛盾和不统一,2008年成立的坦噶尼喀湖流域管理局受四国政府和UNEP等国际组织的支持作为该湖国际性事务的管理机构,主要发挥协调作用推动坦湖流域各国资源利用与环境管理的一体化。在梳理和分析坦噶尼喀湖流域水资源状况及渔业资源状况的基础上,提出该流域当前资源开发利用与利益冲突的问题,阐述了流域管理合作的发展以及流域管理机构的主要特点和结构,并讨论总结了有关经验和结论。 相似文献
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Nowadays, trans-boundary natural systems are facing land management issues due to conflicts of two territories. Thus, land dynamics information has great importance to understand the consequences of natural resources at spatial and temporal scales. In this study, spatiotemporal LU/LC modelling approach has been emphasized to address land resource problems of a trans-boundary river basin of Central India using satellite imagery data. An integrated Cellular Automata (CA)-Markov Chain (MC) model was employed over the Betwa River basin (BRB), located in Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh States, facing agriculture and water resource management issues. The spatiotemporal LU/LC pattern during 1972–2013 has been elaborated to focus changes in agriculture and waterbody area. Historical LU/LC analysis shows that 4.16% area under agriculture was accrued due to increased 1.62% waterbody in the BRB. However, after the year 2007 agriculture area is accrued by 1.75% mainly due to irrigation water availability from newly accomplished Rajghat reservoir. Further, the CA-MC model has been firstly validated, and then successfully employed to predict future LU/LC maps for the years 2020, 2040, 2060, 2080 and 2100. Future analysis shows that vegetation pattern may alter in future due to decline in dense forest (1.39%) and agriculture area (6.41%), which cease to increase in degraded forest and barren land by 4% and 4.23%, respectively. The modelling results depicted that 0.71% decrement in waterbody and subsequent decrease in the agriculture area by 6.41% could occur in future. The present study reveals that, changes in future LU/LC may lead to severe reduction in food productivity land of Central India. Therefore, it is evoked that integrated CA-MC modelling approach can interactively predict future LU/LC scenarios by furnishing some solutions to the current land resources problems. 相似文献
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This research explores local resident perspectives on ecosystem services (ES) in the hyper-arid Arava Valley/Wadi Araba, which spans across both Israel and Jordan. Identifying and characterizing ES, an increasingly popular precursor for crafting sustainable natural resource management and land use policy, is an inherently multi-disciplinary endeavor. Our goal is to apply social research tools, in particular in-depth interviews with local residents, to understand their perspectives concerning ES. Since the research is conducted on two sides of an international border, it also illuminates the potential role of culture, nationality and economics in formulating perceptions on ES in deserts.The results show that, although deserts are often considered to be lacking in ES, local residents feel that their environment is abundant in services, particularly cultural services. Furthermore, although they live in a nearly identical ecosystem, local residents from two sides of the border showed distinct differences, as well as some shared patterns, in how they use and value ES. The study highlights the importance of applying social methods for ES identification and characterization in tandem with other disciplinary approaches, in order to avoid common problems including disregard of the importance of social and cultural perspectives, leading to undervaluing of intangible cultural services. 相似文献
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Sanjiang Plain-Amur River Basin aquifer is the aquifer shared by China and Russia, which is of great significance to water sources management for both countries, acting as a focused area by China and Russia. In this paper, the hydrogeological characteristics of the Sanjiang Plain-Amur River Basin is studied, aiming at understanding the differences as well as similarities of aquifer classification, chemical characteristics of groundwater, quantity of groundwater and groundwater evaluation methods of two countries, which will lay a solid foundation to further holistic study of the trans-boundary aquifer in the Sanjiang Plain-Amur River Basin. 相似文献
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