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1.
M.M. Rufino M.B. Gaspar F. Maynou C.C. Monteiro 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,80(4):517-528
From 2000 to 2006, a total of 75 bivalve species were identified, varying from 29 (spring 2001) to 54 species (spring 2005) per year. Seasonal tendencies in diversity varied according the year, thus the interpretation of long-term and regional scales is essential before drawing any conclusions in other studies. Richness and diversity consistently decreased with depth and increased with sediment grain size (from low in very coarse sand to high in coarse silt). Diversity decreased progressively from 3 to 16 m depth, thus the harsher shallower environments (due to waves and tidal air exposure) showed greater diversity than the most stable areas. Communities in finer sediments were more diverse than those in coarser sand. Evenness showed patterns opposite to diversity, overall.Diversity and evenness maps (produced with multivariate universal kriging), showed that most geographic areas with greater diversity were farer from river outflows and wastewater treatment plants. Two types of geographic pattern were observed: areas with persistently greater bivalve diversity through time and areas that changed locally from year to year. This spatial analysis can be used to establish priority conservation areas for management purposes, and to analyse the persistency of regional diversity patterns. The area with most habitat heterogeneity (Sotavento) corresponded to greatest diversity.There was a positive relationship between Spisula solida and Chamelea gallina landings and bivalve diversity 2 years and 1 year later, respectively. Possibly, local fisheries, by selectively withdrawing the commercial numerically dominant species from the ecosystem, increased diversity 1 to 2 years later, as the ecological niches of the dominants are quickly filled by several other species thereby creating a more even community. On regional scales, no significant impact was found on long-term bivalve diversity in local fisheries, 相似文献
2.
巴黎大都市区商业的发展及其新近的变化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
阐述了近二十年来巴黎大都市区商业所经历的巨大增长和迅速变化。 相似文献
3.
《Astroparticle Physics》1999,10(4):886
Based on the Monte Carlo simulations we have studied the performance of the HEGRA system of imaging air com/cache/MiamiImageURL/B6TJ1-3WV9GV8-1-1/0?wchp=dGLzVzb-zSkWA" alt="Image" title="Image" style="vertical-align:bottom" border="0" height=15 width="11"/>
erenkov telescopes (IACTs) in its present configuration of 4 IACTs as well as in its future final configuration of 5 IACTs. Here we present the results on the basic characteristics of the IACT system which are used in the standard data analysis procedure, i.e., the collection areas, the detection rates, the angular resolution, the energy resolution, and the γ/hadron-separation efficiency. By comparing several key Monte Carlo predictions with experimental results it is possible to check the accuracy of the simulations. The Monte Carlo results concerning hadron-nuclear showers are tested with the recorded cosmic ray events and the results concerning photon-induced showers are tested with a large data sample of γ-rays observed from BL Lac object Mkn 501 during its high flaring activity in 1997. Summarizing the simulations and current observations we give the basic recommendations of using the instrument and the major values of its sensitivity. 相似文献
4.
The dynamic processes of bore propagation over a uniform slope are studied numerically using a 2-D Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solver, coupled to a non-linear k − ε turbulence closure and a volume of fluid (VOF) method. The dam-break mechanism is used to generate bores in a constant depth region. Present numerical results for the ensemble-averaged flow field are compared with existing experimental data as well as theoretical and numerical results based on non-linear shallow water (NSW) equations. Reasonable agreement between the present numerical solutions and experimental data is observed. Using the numerical results, small-scale bore behaviors and flow features, such as the bore collapse process near the still-water shoreline, the ‘mini-collapse’ during the runup phase and the ‘back-wash bore’ in the down-rush phase, are described. In the case of a strong bore, the evolution of the averaged turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) over the swash zone consists of two phases: in the region near the still-water shoreline, the production and the dissipation of TKE are roughly in balance; in the region farther landwards of the still-water shoreline, the TKE decay rate is very close to that of homogeneous grid turbulence. On the other hand, in the case of a weak bore, the bore collapse generated turbulence is confined near the bottom boundary layer and the TKE decays at a much slower rate. 相似文献
5.
抚顺市煤矸石对生态环境的影响及综合利用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
抚顺市煤田开采悠久，煤矸石的堆积量大，对生态环境的影响显著，并且占用大量土地，严重污染环境，以及出现边坡失稳现象。本文详细地分析了煤矸石对生态环境的影响，阐述了目前煤矸石资源化的综合利用情况，以及开发利用煤矸石具有环保和经济双重意义。 相似文献
6.
网上零售企业的空间组织研究——以"当当网"为例 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
零售商业活动及其空间组织历来是城市和经济地理学研究的重要主题之一.伴随着新的信息和通信技术的应用和普及,一种新的商业业态--网上购物,正在被越来越多的商家和消费者所接受.这一趋势对零售业的价值链、商业模式以及空间组织均产生了不可忽视的影响.本文试图通过对国内主要的电子商务企业之一"当当网"的研究,初步探讨网上零售企业的... 相似文献
7.
侵入下马岭组的基性岩床的锆石和斜锆石U-Pb精确定年——对华北中元古界地层划分方案的制约 总被引：46，自引：2，他引：44
华北克拉通马兰峪隆起北侧的下马岭组页岩中广泛发育辉绿岩床。分别利用高灵敏度、高精度的离子探针质谱法和同位素稀释热电离质谱法,测定了辉绿岩中锆石和斜锆石的U-Pb同位素年龄,获得了辉绿岩的侵位年龄1320Ma±6Ma。该年龄数据的获得制约了下马岭组的上限年龄不老于1320Ma。将下马岭组置于1400~1350Ma的区间内。综合已有的测年成果,对华北克拉通燕辽裂陷槽内中元古界的划分方案进行了厘定,提出了一个新的中元古界划分方案。建议方案中长城系包括常州沟组、串岭沟组、团山子组和大红峪组,时限为1800~1600Ma;蓟县系包括高于庄组、杨庄组、雾迷山组、洪水庄组和铁岭组,时限为1600~1400Ma;蓟县系之上1400~1000Ma期间的地层为待建系,亟需进一步研究。 相似文献
8.
Seasonal and spatial characteristics of seawater and sediment at Youngil Bay, southeast coast of Korea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The seasonal geochemical characteristics of the seawater and sediments and the major factors causing heavy metal contamination were investigated at the Youngil bay and the Hyungsan river estuary in the Southeast Coast of Korea, where a world-scale steel-industry complex (Pohang iron and steel industrial complex, POSCO) is located. The seasonal and spatial distribution characteristics of temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and nutrients of the seawater were studied at 45 fixed stations, especially focusing on the river mouth area. Sediments at 27 stations were examined during winter and summer to determine the major controlling factors for the distribution of metals, using correlation matrix and R-mode factor analyses, and to evaluate the pollution status, using the modified geoaccumulation (I(geo)(')) index. Temperatures for the effluent from the POSCO located at the Hyungsan river mouth were 2-3 degrees C higher compared to other sampling areas, due to the thermal discharge from the POSCO. The DO concentration of the surface water at the Pohang old port was as low as 2-4 mg/L. In spring, the DO value at the Hyungsan river mouth was higher than 12 mg/L, by the mass multiplication of phytoplanktons at the river mouth where seawater temperature and nutrients concentrations were relatively high, resulting in the pH value of higher than 8.3. The nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P) ratios at the river mouth were 20-150 times higher compared to other areas, implying that the nitrogen loading into this semi-enclosed bay is significantly higher than phosphorus and the major nitrogen sources are not only the domestic sewage from the city but the industrial wastewater from the POSCO and other steel factories nearby. The phosphorus concentrations at the Pohang old port were shown 3-10 times higher than those at other stations, due to the inflow of pollutants generated from the nearby ships anchoring and the release of phosphate from the bottom sediment. Results from the sediment analysis showed that the major controlling factors for the distribution pattern of each metal are grain size and organic carbon (C(org)) content. Based on the factor analysis, Al, Fe, Cr, Li, and Pb were shown strongly correlated with the mean grain size (Mz), whereas Cd, Cu, Zn, and Sn with the C(org) content. Results from the fractionation of the sedimentary metals into lattice and labile fractions to characterize the mobility of sediment metals showed that the mineral lattice fraction was high in the order of Al=K>Cr>Li>Sr>Fe, while the labile fraction, which might be released to the overlying water, was in the order of Pb>Zn>Cd>Cu>Ca>Sn. Evaluation of the sediment pollution status by applying (I(geo)(')) of 13 metals showed Cd, Cu, and Zn as high as 1-3 range at the old port. Even though the overall marine pollution mainly by the world-class steel industrial complex in this semi-enclosed bay area studied does not currently pose a serious threat, due to the seawater circulation and the large influx of river discharge, the countermeasures to implement the sediments concentrated with heavy metals, especially at the old port with no seawater circulation, are still warranted for this coastal water environment. 相似文献
9.
Vclav Hou
a Miroslav Krs Marta Krsov Otakar Man Petr Pruner Daniela Venhodov 《Cretaceous Research》1999,20(6):699
This study summarizes the final results of magnetostratigraphic and micropalaeontological investigations of the Tithonian/Berriasian boundary (J/K) limestones at the locality of Brodno near com/cache/MiamiImageURL/B6WD3-45S488D-4-1/0?wchp=dGLzVlb-zSkzk" alt="Image" title="Image" style="vertical-align:bottom" border="0" height=15 width="11"/>
ilina, Western Carpathians, West Slovakia. The aim is to prepare the background for correlation of a Late Tithonian and Early Berriasian biostratigraphic zonation with global magnetoevents (manifested in detailed magnetostratigraphic profiles) between the Tethyan realm and other regions, particularly the Boreal and Pacific realms. Suitable physical properties of the limestones studied, a favourable geological setting and rich microfossil assemblages (calpionellids) at Brodno (magnetozones M21r to M18r) allowed a systematic collection of new data on the original synoptic section, which now has the character of a high-resolution profile across the J/K boundary. Two reverse subzones detected within magnetozones M20n and M19n are named ‘Kysuca Subzone’ and ‘Brodno Subzone’, respectively. Both can be correlated with analogous subzones in the M-sequence of marine anomalies. Their existence can also be confirmed in the Bosso Valley section in Umbria, central Italy. A detailed study of the interval between magnetozones M20n and M17r in the Bosso Valley profile is presently in its final stage. Both magnetostratigraphic profiles, from the Brodno and Bosso Valley localities, were thoroughly investigated in the intervals close to the J/K boundary and are still unique among continent-based profiles in the detection and precise definition of both reverse subzones within M20n and M19n. Samples collected from the boundary strata of the reverse Kysuca Subzone at Brodno indicated a transition from N (R) to R (N) polarity of the Earth's palaeomagnetic field within a time interval of c. ±5 ka. Limestone samples (total number N=368) were subjected to progressive thermal demagnetization in 10–12 thermal fields and to subsequent multi-component analysis of remanence. The C-component, as the carrier of palaeomagnetic directions, was determined in the temperature interval of 300° to 540°, or possibly 580°C. Magnetomineralogical analyses of pilot samples and unblocking temperatures determined for all samples showed that magnetite is the carrier of remanent magnetization. The positions of the individual events of calpionellid stratigraphy relative to the global magnetic polarity timescale are precisely defined. The base of the Calpionella Standard Zone, which is considered a provisional J/K boundary indicator in ammonite-free sections in the Tethyan realm, lies within magnetozone M19n at the level of 35% of its local thickness. None of the boundaries in the calpionellid zonation coincides precisely with any of those in the palaeomagnetic zonation, but the first appearance ofCalpionella grandalpina , indicating the base of the Intermedia Subzone, lies in close proximity to the base of magnetozone M19r. 相似文献
10.
基于数字水印的电子印章系统的研究与实现 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
陆宇光 《成都信息工程学院学报》2005,20(4):456-459
讨论了法院信息系统中的电子文档安全性问题.针对传统印章的易伪造性弊端,通过将密码签名原理和数字水印技术应用于电子印章之中,并结合COM插件技术实现了机密文档的防篡改功能、身份认证功能及不可否认性功能. 相似文献