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1.
GIS支持下珠江三角洲城镇建筑覆盖变化遥感监测分析 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
从珠江三角洲区域总体出发，探讨大范围城镇建筑覆盖变化的遥感监测方法。分析了城镇建筑覆盖变化专题信息提取方法概况，比较了最大似然法、上下文分类法、人工神经网络三种分类方法的优缺点。借助GIS技术的术持，在计算机自动分类的基础上利用专家知识改进了分类结果。根据遥感监测结果，对1988—1998年间珠江三角洲城镇建筑覆盖变化特征进行了分析。 相似文献
2.
机载多光谱LiDAR的随机森林地物分类 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
机载多光谱LiDAR技术利用激光进行探测和测距,不仅可以快速获取地面物体的三维坐标,还可以获得多个波段的地物光谱信息,可广泛用于地形测绘、土地覆盖分类、环境建模、森林资源调查等。本文提出了多光谱LiDAR的随机森林地物分类方法。该方法通过对LiDAR强度数据和高程数据提取分类特征,完成多光谱LiDAR的随机森林地物分类;并分析随机森林的特征贡献度特性,采用后向特征选择方法实现分类特征选择。通过对加拿大Optech Titan多光谱LiDAR数据的试验表明：随机森林方法可以获得较好的地物分类精度,而且可以适当地去除部分冗余和相关的特征,从而有效提高分类精度。 相似文献
3.
Isaac Larbi Emmanuel Obuobie Anne Verhoef Stefan Julich Karl-Henz Feger Aymar Yaovi Bossa 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(13):2196-2209
ABSTRACT The need for a detailed investigation of the Vea catchment water balance components cannot be overemphasized due to its accelerated land-cover dynamics and the associated impacts on the hydrological processes. This study assessed the possible consequences of land-use change scenarios (i.e. business as usual, BAU, and afforestation for the year 2025) compared to the 2016 baseline on the Vea catchment’s water balance components using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The data used include daily climate and discharge, soil and land use/land cover maps. The results indicate that the mean annual water yield may increase by 9.1% under the BAU scenario but decrease by 2.7% under the afforestation scenario; actual evapotranspiration would decrease under BAU but increase under afforestation; and groundwater recharge may increase under both scenarios but would be more pronounced under the afforestation scenario. These outcomes highlight the significance of land-cover dynamics in water resource management and planning at the catchment. 相似文献
4.
Brittany C. Courville Jennifer L.R. Jensen Richard W. Dixon Mark A. Fonstad 《自然地理学》2014,35(4):355-368
Temporal trends in water clarity and land-use/land-cover (LULC), as well as the relationship between changes in water clarity and LULC, were analyzed using water clarity values extracted from Landsat images from 1986 to 2008, acquired for east-central Maine. Of 40 lakes identified using satellite imagery, our analysis found one lake with a significant decrease in water clarity. In a second data-set, with 99 lakes, we identified two lakes with a significant increase in water clarity. Analyses of the relationship between temporal changes in the water clarity and LULC did not identify any clear, consistent, relationships between changes in the water quality variables and LULC. Overall, the results of this study aid in the identification of the relationship between water clarity and LULC, and identify temporal changes in water clarity. The findings of this study support the previous research that demonstrates the ability of satellite imagery to be used in assessments of water clarity, thus enabling evaluation at broader spatial scales and longer temporal scales than assessments that rely solely on ground-based data. 相似文献
5.
Riparian vegetation provides important wildlife habitat in the southwestern United States, but limited distributions and spatial complexity often leads to inaccurate representation in maps used to guide conservation. We test the use of data conflation and aggregation on multiple vegetation/land-cover maps to improve the accuracy of habitat models for the threatened western yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus occidentalis). We used species observations (n = 479) from a state-wide survey to develop habitat models from 1) three vegetation/land-cover maps produced at different geographic scales ranging from state to national, and 2) new aggregate maps defined by the spatial agreement of cover types, which were defined as high (agreement = all data sets), moderate (agreement ≥ 2), and low (no agreement required). Model accuracies, predicted habitat locations, and total area of predicted habitat varied considerably, illustrating the effects of input data quality on habitat predictions and resulting potential impacts on conservation planning. Habitat models based on aggregated and conflated data were more accurate and had higher model sensitivity than original vegetation/land-cover, but this accuracy came at the cost of reduced geographic extent of predicted habitat. Using the highest performing models, we assessed cuckoo habitat preference and distribution in Arizona and found that major watersheds containing high-probably habitat are fragmented by a wide swath of low-probability habitat. Focus on riparian restoration in these areas could provide more breeding habitat for the threatened cuckoo, offset potential future habitat losses in adjacent watershed, and increase regional connectivity for other threatened vertebrates that also use riparian corridors. 相似文献
6.
随着遥感数据获取能力的不断增强,自动化程度已经成为大尺度遥感土地覆被分类面临的关键问题。然而,现有训练样本的人工选取方法成为制约土地覆被分类自动化的瓶颈。本文以河南、贵州两省为研究区,提出一种基于多源数据的土地覆被样本自动提取方法,以构建适用于大尺度的土地覆被自动分类。首先,以2010年1∶10万土地利用数据CHINALC和30 m分辨率全球土地覆被数据Globle Land30为样本数据源;然后,利用空间一致性分析及异质性分析确定样本初选区域;最后,通过样本提纯去除无效样本。结果表明:(1)应用多源数据的土地覆被样本自动提取方法获得的分类产品总体分类精度高于人工样本提取方法制作的全球土地覆被产品MCD12Q1。(2)与单源样本自动提取方法相比,应用多源数据的土地覆被样本自动提取方法,可获得更好的分类稳定性。综上,多源数据的土地覆被样本自动提取方法可在保证精度的同时,提升土地覆被分类的自动化程度。 相似文献
7.
区域尺度土地覆盖变化是自然变化和人类活动共同驱动的结果,同时又对区域气候环境产生反馈。利用欧洲中值数值预报中心（ECMWF） ERA-Interim再分析资料,驱动RegCM4.5区域气候模式,进行了两个时间段（1980-2014、2005-2014）的数值模拟试验。以1：250 000土地利用图为基础,结合植被图、土壤图制作具有高精度、极强现势性的土地覆盖资料,区域模式中陆面过程模式采用BATS,模拟了现实的土地覆盖改变对气候要素的影响,分析了黄土高原地区土地覆盖变化对气候的反馈作用。结果表明：（1） RegCM4.5不但能够较好描述黄土高原气温、降水的时间空间分布特征,也能够模拟土地覆盖变化对黄土高原局地气候变化的反馈。（2）不同土地覆盖变化特征对气候反馈作用不同,荒漠化会引起局部地区气温升高和降水减少,并通过正反馈机制,致使自然植被生长发育受阻;水域旱化会导致夏季气温升高和降水增加,从而加剧干旱洪涝灾害风险;草地覆盖增加会导致春夏季降水量与气温的降低,秋冬季降水量与气温升高。（3）土地覆盖变化对气温与降水的影响在夏季较强。该研究可促进对黄土高原生态治理环境效应的理解,也能深化对土地利用-气候变化之间互馈作用的过程认识,并为区域生态建设对策选择提供参考。 相似文献
8.
黄河源区土地利用/覆盖变化（LUCC）研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用遥感（RS）监测手段和地理信息系统（GIS）技术,获取了黄河源区在1975、1990、和2005年3个时期的土地利用/覆盖数据,并通过叠加分析,获得了该地区土地利用/覆盖的时空转移特征. 此外,通过县级行政区对源区各县域内的土地利用/覆盖变化特征进行了统计分析,以期为该地区的环境管理提供科学依据. 结果表明：在1975-2005年间,黄河源区的环境退化非常明显,土地利用/覆盖变化主要表现为耕地、沙地、滩地和水库、坑塘面积增加;沼泽地面积减小;高覆盖度草地面积减小,中、低覆盖度草地面积增加. 从县级行政区划上来看,耕地的增加主要分布于贵南、同德和泽库三个县;林地面积在玛沁和甘德两县有大面积的减小趋势;新增的沙地主要分布在玛多、共和、曲麻莱和若尔盖县;新增水库、坑塘则主要分布于共和、和贵南两县;沼泽地面积的减少绝大部分发生在若尔盖县;高覆盖度草地在甘德和玛沁两县增加非常明显,但在玛曲、玛多、达日、兴海、阿坝、若尔盖、红原等县均有大面积的减小趋势. 因此,在黄河源区开展环境保护或环境治理工作,应根据不同区域的具体环境问题采取相应的治理措施. 相似文献
9.
针对贫困区生态环境与资源的地表覆盖精细化调查需求,本文利用高分辨率遥感影像开展了土地覆盖信息提取的方法和应用研究.重点分析了高分辨率影像均值漂移分割,多特征提取与分析,对象级样本采集以及监督分类等技术,并综合实现了流程化的对象级土地覆盖分类.结果表明,本文串联的高分辨率影像分类技术能生成较精细的土地覆盖专题图,可及时为贫困区生态资源环境评价,碳核算等应用提供较可靠的地表覆盖数据. 相似文献
10.
AbstractAn integrated model, combining a surface energy balance system, an LAI-based interception model and a distributed monthly water balance model, was developed to predict hydrological impacts of land-use/land-cover change (LUCC) in the East River basin, China, with the aid of GIS/RS. The integrated model is a distributed model that not only accounts for spatial variations in basin terrain, rainfall and soil moisture, but also considers spatial and temporal variation of vegetation cover and evapotranspiration (ET), in particular, thus providing a powerful tool for investigating the hydrological impact of LUCC. The model was constructed using spatial data on topography, soil types and vegetation characteristics together with time series of precipitation from 170 stations in the basin. The model was calibrated and validated based on river discharge data from three stations in the basin for 21 years. The calibration and validation results suggested that the model is suitable for application in the basin. The results show that ET has a positive relationship with LAI (leaf area index), while runoff has a negative relationship with LAI in the same climatic zone that can be described by the surface energy balance and water balance equation. It was found that deforestation would cause an increase in annual runoff and a decrease in annual ET in southern China. Monthly runoff for different land-cover types was found to be inversely related to ET. Also, for most of the scenarios, and particularly for grassland and cropland, the most significant changes occurred in the rainy season, indicating that deforestation would cause a significant increase in monthly runoff in that season in the East River basin. These results are important for water resources management and environmental change monitoring.
Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz 相似文献