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1.
Landslides pose a serious physical and environmental threat to vulnerable communities living in areas of unplanned housing
on steep slopes in the Caribbean. Some of these communities have, in the past, had to be relocated, at costs of millions of
dollars, because of major slides triggered by tropical storm rainfall. Even so, evidence shows that: (1) risk reduction is
a marginal activity; (2) there has been minimal uptake of hazard maps and vulnerability assessments and (3) there is little
on-the-ground delivery of construction for risk reduction. This article directly addresses these issues by developing a low-cost
approach to the identification of the potential pore pressure changes that trigger such slides we seek to address these three
commentaries directly. A complex 45–60° slope site in St Lucia, West Indies was selected as a pilot for a modelling approach
that uses numerical models (FLAC and CHASM) to verify the need for surface water management to effectively reduce landslide
risk. Following the model confirmation, a series of drains were designed and constructed at the site. Post-construction evidence
indicates the methodology to be sound, in that the site was stable in subsequent 1-in-1 to 1-in-4 year rainfall events. A
critical feature of the approach is that it is community-based from data acquisition through to community members participating
in construction. 相似文献
2.
TOWARD ESTABLISHING THE CONCEPT OF PHYSICAL URBAN AREA IN CHINA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
I.IntroduchollWiulegeOgraphystudiestheterritoria1systemsabouttherelationsbforeenhumanbeingSandthenature[I4],urbanmpaphyfocusesspecificallyonthespatialoopltizationandprocessofurbanterritory,anditsinteraCtionwiti1Otherterritorialsystems.Usually,wedoresearch… 相似文献
3.
ABSTRACT. This study examines altitudinal residential segregation by race in 146 cities in the U.S. South. It begins by embedding the topic in recent theorizations of the social construction of nature, the geography of race, and environmental justice. Second, it focuses on how housing markets, particularly in the South, tend to segregate minorities in low‐lying, flood‐prone, and amenity‐poor segments of urban areas. It tests empirically the hypothesis that blacks are disproportionately concentrated in lower‐altitude areas using gis to correlate race and elevation by digital elevation‐model block group within each city in 1990 and 2000. The statistical results confirm the suspected trend. A map of coefficients indicates strong positive associations in cities in the interior South‐where the hypothesis is confirmed‐and an inverse relationship near the coast, where whites dominate higher‐valued coastal properties. Selected city case studies demonstrate these relationships connecting the broad dynamics of racial segregation to the particularities of individual places. 相似文献
4.
5.
Paul Barter 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2002,23(3):268-287
This paper explores links between transport and housing security issues for the urban poor using the example of the Klang Valley in Malaysia. The interface between these issues is identified as a gap in the literature, including policy debates, on both housing and transport. A number of linkages are shown to be important and likely to be relevant in many cities of the South, especially those with rapid motorisation and large numbers of "squatters". A simple framework for understanding these linkages is presented. Key examples include displacement to make way for transport infrastructure and the impact on transport problems for the poor of policies affecting the location of urban poor housing, including relocation sites and transit accommodation. The case study of the Klang Valley is used to illustrate and test the relevance of a focus on this issue and the utility of the conceptual framework. Some policy implications of the investigation and case study are suggested. 相似文献
6.
Alan Smart 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2002,23(3):333-347
More is known about the policies that produce forced evictions and their consequences than about the agencies whose responsibility it is to conduct them. Understanding the nature of forced evictions requires greater comprehension of responsible agencies since the ways in which they implement policies may be a crucial intervening variable influencing the outcomes. In this paper, I use documentary and ethnographic research to describe the Squatter Control and Clearance Division of the Hong Kong Housing Department. Responsible both for evicting squatters and for controlling squatter areas that are permitted to remain for the time being, officers must respond to the conflicts and challenges of their twin, partially conflicting, mandates. Examination of changes in squatter control and clearance practices since 1954 is followed by a brief case study of the most recent squatter clearance that occurred in July 2001. 相似文献
7.
无验潮模式下的GPS水下地形测量技术 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
传统的水下地形测量模式定型于利用GPS测定水底点的平面位置,利用测深仪测定水底点的深度,附之以瞬时潮位资料,获得点位的高程。这种模式在上述条件具备的情况下,可取得完满的结果。但当验潮条件不具备时,该模式将不能获得测点的高程。为了弥补这一缺陷,简化工作流程,提高水下地形测量的精度,本文提出了一种无验潮模式下的水下地形测量思想,该思想不用专门测定潮位,而直接利用GPS的RTK测量技术,辅之以姿态测量和补偿,从而获得高精度的水底点高程。该方法被验证是正确的,希望进一步推广应用。 相似文献
8.
Horie Kei Maki Norio Kohiyama Masayuki Lu Hengjian Tanaka Satoshi Hashitera Shin Shigekawa Kishie Hayashi Haruo 《Natural Hazards》2003,29(3):341-370
Rebuilding of victims' livelihoods was a crucial issue in the restoration process in the1995 Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster. Housing damage assessment influencedmost of the rebuilding of the livelihood in the long term, because the Victim Certificatesissued by the local governments based on the results of the Housing damage assessmentwas required to receive most of the individual assistance measures. In the process ofHousing damage assessment, many complex problems arose, leading to extensivework on the part of the disaster responders. Consequently, a considerable number ofvictims were dissatisfied with the assessment and applied for a resurvey. Due to a floodof requests for resurvey, disaster responders had to work on damage assessment, leavingrelief activities aside.In order to facilitate Housing damage assessment, this paper discusses thefollowing five points: (1) the processes and the problems of assessments performedin the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster, (2) the changes in the nature of informationneeded by the victims, (3) the improvements over the present damage assessment, (4)the housing situation in Japan, and (5) the international situation on damage assessment.It is obvious from the results that a poor damage assessment system and the size ofthe disaster produced a very large work load. Differences in appreciation among theinvestigators also contributed to unfair assessments and led to the victims beingincreasingly dissatisfied by the survey results. Finally, a design concept for acomprehensive damage assessment system, which has been derived from theabove five points, is proposed for post-disaster management. 相似文献
9.
钢结构住宅体系墙板及墙板节点足尺模型振动台试验研究 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5
本文对山东安尔发建筑科技有限公司开发的钢结构住宅体系的墙板及墙板节点足尺模型进行了模拟地震振动台试验研究,分析了该体系的自振特性、地震反应特征和破坏现象,特别对外墙板及内墙的节点的抗震性能进行了深入研究,得出了有益的结论,为钢结构住宅体系的进一步推广提供了试验依据。 相似文献
10.
Bettina Reimann 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》1997,17(4):301-313
The constitutional decision to return to their original owners all real-estate property in East Germany that had either been expropriated or placed under state administration (the restitution principle) has had significant consequences for urban development and urban renewal. Experiences from East Berlin's innercity residential areas illustrate the effects on the state of repair of housing, the character of residential neighbourhoods, the tenants living in the areas affected, and the future structure of real-estate ownership. The case studies reveal a picture of a contradictory development of residential neighbourhoods, including shifting power relations and new polarizations, especially between tenants and landlords. 相似文献