裂缝、裂隙介质衰减频散研究          下载免费PDF全文

张繁昌  路亚威  桑凯恒  黄建平 《地球物理学报》2019,62(8):3164-3174

为研究裂缝、裂隙介质中波致流引起的衰减,将裂缝看作背景孔隙岩石中非常薄且孔隙度非常高的层状介质,并等价成White周期层状模型.分别考虑不同类型的裂隙和孔隙之间的挤喷流影响,结合改进的Biot方程,推导得到裂缝裂隙介质的刚度与频率的关系.当缝隙中饱含流体时,介质的衰减和速度频散受裂缝、孔隙之间和裂隙、孔隙之间流体流动的显著影响.在低频极限下,裂缝裂隙介质的性质由各向异性Gassmann理论和挤喷流模型获得;而在非常高的频率时,由于缝隙中的压力来不及达到平衡,波致流的影响可忽略.分析表明,裂隙密度主要影响波的衰减,而裂隙纵横比主要控制优势衰减频率和速度显著变化的频率范围;由于不同裂隙的衰减机制不同,衰减和速度频散大小有所差异,但基本趋势相同.  相似文献   

套管井偶极弯曲波频散向高频偏移的特性          下载免费PDF全文

李刚  吕伟国  崔志文  马俊  王克协  谢荣华  刘继生  吕秀梅 《地球物理学报》2018,61(1):379-388

对套管井偶极弯曲模式波的频散特性进行了系统的数值考察、实例对比和分析.发现套管井弯曲波频散曲线随地层横波速度的降低，特别是地层横波速度小于2000 m·s^-1以下，会迅速移向高频区，偶极弯曲波基础模式主频散区（或截止频率）可出现在13 kHz以上，以致超出了现行低频偶极子声波测井仪的激发与接收频带，这是一过去没有被研究者注意到的现象，并进一步被现场实例所证实.研究表明控制套管井弯曲波频散曲线主频散区位置的主要是钢套管的厚度和地层横波速度.对地层横波速度大于井孔流体声速的快速地层，在钢套管壁厚一定（8 mm）的情况下，频散曲线主频散区可移至11 kHz以上，可能出现的最大可能频域位置是同一井孔内径，井外全钢时的频散曲线上等于、小于地层横波速度那一段，这对各种地层和套管参数都是适用的.对地层横波速度小于等于井孔流体声速（1500 m·s^-1）的慢速地层，弯曲波频散曲线随地层横波速度的降低移向高频区的特点更为明显，可能移至16 kHz以上；而套管厚度的影响，也比快速地层大的多，对地层横波速度小于1380 m·s^-1的慢速地层，无论用多高的频率激发，都不能在现行使用的各类套管井（壁厚6~12 mm）中用偶极声波测井仪测到弯曲模式波.  相似文献   

基于萤火虫和蝙蝠群智能算法的瑞雷波频散曲线反演   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

蔡伟  宋先海  袁士川  胡莹 《地球物理学报》2018,61(6):2409-2420

反演瑞雷波频散曲线能有效获取地层横波速度和厚度.但由于其高度的非线性、多参数、多极值等特点，传统的全局搜索方法易出现收敛速度慢、早熟收敛及搜索精度低的问题.鉴于此，本文提出并测试了基于萤火虫优化算法（FA）和带惯性权重的蝙蝠优化算法（WBA）的新的瑞雷波频散曲线反演策略.在瑞雷波频散曲线反演中，FA全局搜索能力强，但后期搜索精度低，而WBA局部搜索能力强，搜索精度高，但易出现早熟收敛.故本文将二者结合，提出了一种新的优化策略，称其为WFBA，即在反演前期使用FA，后期使用WBA，很好地解决了FA后期搜索精度低及WBA早熟收敛的问题.本文首先反演了三个典型理论模型的无噪声、含噪声的数据，验证了WFBA对瑞雷波数据反演的有效性与稳定性.然后将WFBA与WBA、FA单独反演以及不含惯性权重的FBA和粒子群优化算法（PSO）反演的结果进行了对比，说明了WFBA相对于WBA、FA、FBA和PSO具有更稳定、收敛速度更快、求解精度更高等优点.最后，反演了来自美国怀俄明地区的实测资料，检验了WFBA对瑞雷波数据反演的实用性.理论模型试算和实测资料分析表明，WFBA很适用于瑞雷波频散曲线的定量解释，具有很高的实用性价值.  相似文献   

Dispersion performance of nanoparticles in water          下载免费PDF全文

MA Li-sha  HAN Zhan-tao  WANG Yan-yan 《地下水科学与工程》2021,9(1):37-44

Engineering Nanoparticles(ENPs)’superior characteristics of adsorption depends on their dispersion in the medium.In this study,multi-walled carbon nanotubes(nonmetal),iron nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles(metallic simple substance),and Nano-TiO2,Nano-Fe2O3 and Nano-ZnO(metal oxide)were selected and respectively added into pure water and aqueous solution with 1%Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS)surfactant.The dispersion effects were compared by leaving the solutions standing at room temperature under ultrasound.The results show that the dispersion of iron nanoparticles is the lowestamong the six ENPs,and that of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCTS)is the highest.Adding anionic surfactants(SDBS)can obviously improve the dispersion performance of ENPs.The concentration of solution decreases by only 5%in 10 daysafter adding 1%SDBS for ultrasonic dispersion.  相似文献   

Relative dispersion in the Liguro-Provençal basin: From sub-mesoscale to mesoscale     

K. SchroederA.C. Haza  A. Griffa  T.M. Özgökmen  P.M. PoulainR. Gerin  G. PeggionM. Rixen 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(3):209-228

Relative dispersion in the Liguro-Provençal basin (a subregion of the Mediterranean Sea) is investigated using clusters of surface drifters deployed during two Marine Rapid Environment Assessment (MREA) experiments covering different months in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The clusters have initial radii of less than 1 km, or an order of magnitude below a typical deformation radius (approximately 10-20 km). The data set consists of 45 original pairs and more than 50 total pairs (including chance ones) in the spatial range between 1 and 200 km. Relative dispersion is estimated using the mean square separation of particle pairs and the Finite Scale Lyapunov Exponents (FSLEs). The two metrics show broadly consistent results, indicating in particular a clear exponential behaviour with an e-folding time scale between 0.5 and 1 days, or Lyapunov exponent ?? in the range of 0.7-1 days⁻¹. The exponential phase extends for 4-7 days in time and between 1 and 10-20 km in separation space. To our knowledge, this is only the third time that an exponential regime is observed in the world ocean from drifter data. This result suggests that relative dispersion in the Liguro-Provençal basin is nonlocal, namely controlled mainly by mesoscale dynamics, and that the effects of the sub-mesoscale motions are negligible in comparison. NCOM model results are used to complement the data and to quantify errors arising from the sparse sampling in the observations.  相似文献   

Spatial behaviour of Rayleigh waves in layered half‐spaces under active surface sources          下载免费PDF全文

Hua‐You Chai  Tian‐Bin Li  Kok‐Kwang Phoon  Elton J. Chen  Dian‐Ji Zhang 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(4):992-1003

In the free state, Rayleigh waves are assumed to travel in the form of planar wavefronts. Under such an assumption, the propagation behaviour of the modes of Rayleigh waves in layered half‐spaces is only frequency dependent. The frequency behaviour, which is often termed as dispersion, is determined by the shear wave velocity profile of layered soils within the depth related to wavelength (or frequency). According to this characteristic, the shear wave velocity profile can be back‐analysed from the dispersion. The technique is widely used in the surface wave testing. However, the wavefronts of Rayleigh waves activated by the surface sources are non‐planar. The geometric discrepancy could result in Rayleigh waves manifesting distance‐dependent behaviour, which is referred to as spatial behaviour in this paper. Conventional analysis ignoring this spatial behaviour could introduce unexpected errors. In order to take the effects of sources on the propagation behaviour into account, a new mathematical model is established for Rayleigh waves in layered elastic media under vertical disc‐like surface sources using the thin‐layer method. The spatial behaviour of the activated modes and the apparent phase velocity, which is the propagation velocity of Rayleigh waves superposed by the multiple modes, are then analysed. Aspects of the spatial behaviour investigated in this paper include the equilibrium path, the particle orbit, and the geometric attenuation of the activated Rayleigh waves. The results presented in this paper can provide some guidelines for developing new inverse mathematical models and algorithms.  相似文献   

A note on the effects of a thin visco-elastic mud layer on small amplitude water-wave propagation     

Philip L.-F. Liu  I-Chi Chan 《Coastal Engineering》2007

In this note we investigated the effects of a thin visco-elastic mud layer on wave propagation. Within the framework of linear water-wave theory, analytical solutions are obtained for damping rate, dispersion relation between wave frequency and wave number, and velocity components in the water column and mud layer. The wave attenuation rate reaches a maximum value when the mud layer thickness is about the same as the mud boundary layer thickness. Heavier mud has a weaker effect on the wave damping. However, the wave attenuation rate does not always decrease as the elastic shear modulus increases. In the range of small values for elastic shear modulus, the wave attenuation can be amplified quite significantly. The current solutions are compared with experimental data with different wave conditions and mud properties. In general, good agreements are observed.  相似文献   

改进的等效半空间法及瑞雷波频散曲线反演   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

陈祥  孙进忠 《地球物理学报》2006,49(2):569-576

层状模型的理论频散曲线表明，层状模型表面瑞雷波同一频率对应的相速度具有多值特点，这就是所谓的瑞雷波多阶性. 面波的多阶性导致了实测频散曲线的复杂性，当地层中存在软弱夹层时这一问题尤为突出，从而给实测频散曲线的解释带来了困难. 本文从工程实用的角度出发，根据等效半空间理论，提出了一种计算理论频散曲线的新算法——改进的等效半空间法，避开了面波多阶性这一复杂问题. 由此方法计算得到的面波相速度并不同于某个具体阶数的面波，而是对多阶面波的综合反映. 按照改进的等效半空间法编制了拟合反演程序，并在工程中进行了运用，取得较好的效果.  相似文献   

An approximated method for the solution of elliptic problems in thin domains: Application to nonlinear internal waves     

A. Scotti  S. Mitran   《Ocean Modelling》2008,25(3-4):144-153

Realistic numerical simulations of nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) have been hampered by the need to use computationally expensive nonhydrostatic models. In this paper, we show that the solution to the elliptic problem arising from the incompressibility condition can be successfully approximated by a few terms (three at most) of an expansion in powers of the ratio (horizontal grid spacing)/(total depth). For an n dimensional problem, each term in the expansion is the sum of a function that satisfies a one-dimensional second-order ODE in the vertical direction plus, depending on the surface boundary condition, the solution to an n-1 dimension elliptic problem, an evident saving over having to solve the original n-dimensional elliptic problem. This approximation provides the physically correct amount of dispersion necessary to counteract the nonlinear steepening tendency of NLIWs. Experiments with different types of NLIWs validate the approach. Unlike other methods, no ad hoc artificial dispersion needs to be introduced.  相似文献   

Biodegradation and environmental behavior of biodiesel mixtures in the sea: An initial study     

DeMello JA  Carmichael CA  Peacock EE  Nelson RK  Samuel Arey J  Reddy CM 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(7):894-904

Biodiesel, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) derived from animal fats or vegetable oils, is rapidly moving towards the mainstream as an alternative source of energy. However, the behavior of biodiesel, or blends of biodiesel with fossil diesel, in the marine environment have yet to be fully understood. Hence, we performed a series of initial laboratory experiments and simple calculations to evaluate the microbial and environmental fate of FAMEs. Aerobic seawater microcosms spiked with biodiesel or mixtures of biodiesel and fossil diesel revealed that the FAMEs were degraded at roughly the same rate as n-alkanes, and more rapidly than other hydrocarbon components. The residues extracted from these different microcosms became indistinguishable within weeks. Preliminary results from physical-chemical calculations suggest that FAMEs in biodiesel mixtures will not affect the evaporation rates of spilled petroleum hydrocarbons but may stabilize oil droplets in the water column and thereby facilitate transport.  相似文献